scholarly journals SPLITTING LOOPS AND NECKLACES: VARIANTS OF THE SQUARE PEG PROBLEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAI ASLAM ◽  
SHUJIAN CHEN ◽  
FLORIAN FRICK ◽  
SAM SALOFF-COSTE ◽  
LINUS SETIABRATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equal Length ◽  
Simple Loop ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Continuous Curves

Toeplitz conjectured that any simple planar loop inscribes a square. Here we prove variants of Toeplitz’s square peg problem. We prove Hadwiger’s 1971 conjecture that any simple loop in $3$ -space inscribes a parallelogram. We show that any simple planar loop inscribes sufficiently many rectangles that their vertices are dense in the loop. If the loop is rectifiable, there is a rectangle that cuts the loop into four pieces which can be rearranged to form two loops of equal length. (The previous two results are independently due to Schwartz.) A rectifiable loop in $d$ -space can be cut into $(r-1)(d+1)+1$ pieces that can be rearranged by translations to form $r$ loops of equal length. We relate our results to fair divisions of necklaces in the sense of Alon and to Tverberg-type results. This provides a new approach and a common framework to obtain inscribability results for the class of all continuous curves.

Modernisation and ageing theory revisited: current explanations of recent developing world and historical Western shifts in material family support for older people

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELLA ABODERIN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Older People ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
The West ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Common Framework

Modernisation and ageing theory has provided the main platform for the debate on changes in family support for older people in both the industrialised and the developing worlds. Although its well-known proposition of an ‘abandonment’ of older people in individualistic society has received much attention and been solidly refuted, the modernisation model continues to be the principal and most common framework for explaining the decline in familial material support for older people – both historically in the West, or at present in developing countries. The main rival explanation is provided by materialist accounts. The ability of these explanations to provide a meaningful understanding of why material family support may diminish has however received little if any analytical attention, despite its vital policy relevance, especially for the developing world. This paper critically examines the content and basis of both explanatory models. For each it exposes fundamental conceptual and epistemological limitations that render neither able to provide a solid understanding of the nature and causes of decline in support. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes a new approach in order to develop a fuller conceptual and empirical understanding.

Aligning Expectation and Reality: A Summary of Dispersant Risk Communication Issues

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra K. Scholz ◽  
Ann Hayward Walker ◽  
Janet H. Kucklick ◽  
Robert G. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Good Risk

ABSTRACT The potential and perceived environmental risks associated with dispersant use have been addressed by many scientific studies costing millions of dollars and tens of thousands of research hours. Nevertheless, decision makers still have many diverse and contradictory viewpoints, which can impede their ability to evaluate and reach consensus on the actual risks associated with this countermeasure. In an attempt to resolve the problem in a different way, a new approach was formulated, based on the following hypothesis: The inability to create a solid foundation for dispersant decision support is based not only on limitations to scientific information, but also on the wide differences in the way people understand and interpret this information. In other words, a critical aspect of improved decision making for dispersants is related to good risk communication, not more natural science studies. In 1994, industry initiated a research project to test this hypothesis and define the critical risk communication factors for dispersant decision making. This paper presents a summary of the identified dispersant risk communication issues. Building upon previous papers which described the project methodology and analytical results, this paper presents the risk communication messages which need to be shared with decision makers and the public. This information promotes a technically sound, clear, and common framework for evaluating the ecological risks associated with dispersant use in marine waters.

Long-lost Brothers: On the Co-histories and Interactions Between the Comparative Science of Religion and the Anthropology of Religion

Numen ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin W. Geertz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Cognitive Science Of Religion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Max Müller ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Science Of Religion ◽  
Postcolonial Feminist ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThis article briefly surveys and compares the histories of research in the comparative science of religion (beginning with Friedrich Max Müller) and the anthropology of religion. The article notes the close interactions between these two fields and argues that the comparative science of religion drew significant inspiration from anthropology and sociology during the twentieth century until about the 1970s when anthropology came under heavy fire from critics. The postcolonial, feminist, and postmodern wave did not have a significant impact on the comparative science of religion until the 1990s. But already during the 1980s a new approach to religion, championed by Jonathan Z. Smith, contributed to a theoretical and critical analysis of religion that neither bought into postmodernism nor into thesui generisapproach to religion. During the 1990s, another new approach began making an impact, namely, the cognitive science of religion, championed by E. Thomas Lawson, Robert N. McCauley (both scholars of religion), and Pascal Boyer (anthropologist). The article suggests in conclusion that the two disciplines can once again meet in the growing fields of experimental anthropology and experimental science of religion and in the need to explore and address how culture affects and rewires the brain. Furthermore, evolutionary theory is also beginning to serve as a common framework for thinking about religion.

Developing digital audience frameworks for Oxford’s GLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
User Research ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cohesive Framework ◽  
Project Level

Purpose In order to develop a common framework for strategic planning and evaluation, the Gardens, Libraries and Museums (GLAM) of Oxford undertook a process for defining digital audiences, undertaking user research to inform a new audience framework, which, in turn, is feeding a new approach and the application of the research across the Libraries’ web redevelopment. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach GLAM used qualitative and quantitative techniques to understand how visitors engaged with GLAM digitally: visitor shadowing, exit interviews, diary studies, remote interviews, social media and data evaluation. From these, GLAM focussed on motivational archetypes that apply to visitors across the institutions as well as pen portraits to support those archetypes, and a template for creating new portraits. Findings The framework helped GLAM develop digital priorities and outline how digital output met the needs of all audiences from a bottom-up user perspective, rather than only through top-down institutional decision making. Most relevant here, learning from the user research hugely informed the Bodleian Libraries’ website redevelopment. The Bodleian Libraries’ work within that framework shows that such a body of research is not solely high level; it can be applied on an institutional and project level to great effect. Originality/value Focussing on motivations rather than demographics is a less common way to approach digital audiences. Developing such a cohesive framework for digital audiences before undertaking strategic planning and specific development projects proved a valuable piece of work from which other institutions can learn.

scholarly journals SeamDock: An Interactive and Collaborative Online Docking Resource to Assist Small Compound Molecular Docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Murail ◽  
Sjoerd J. de Vries ◽  
Julien Rey ◽  
Gautier Moroy ◽  
Pierre Tufféry
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Receptor Interactions ◽  
Computer Knowledge ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Molecule Docking ◽  
Site Identification ◽  
And Training

In silico assessment of protein receptor interactions with small ligands is now part of the standard pipeline for drug discovery, and numerous tools and protocols have been developed for this purpose. With the SeamDock web server, we propose a new approach to facilitate access to small molecule docking for nonspecialists, including students. The SeamDock online service integrates different docking tools in a common framework that allows ligand global and/or local docking and a hierarchical approach combining the two for easy interaction site identification. This service does not require advanced computer knowledge, and it works without the installation of any programs with the exception of a common web browser. The use of the Seamless framework linking the RPBS calculation server to the user’s browser allows the user to navigate smoothly and interactively on the SeamDock web page. A major effort has been put into the 3D visualization of ligand, receptor, and docking poses and their interactions with the receptor. The advanced visualization features combined with the seamless library allow a user to share with an unlimited number of collaborators, a docking session, and its full visualization states. As a result, SeamDock can be seen as a free, simple, didactic, evolving online docking resource best suited for education and training.

ON PSEUDO-EHRESMANN SEMIGROUPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOUFENG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Semigroups ◽  
Inverse Transversal ◽  
Multiplicative Inverse ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Regular Semigroups ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Orthodox Semigroups ◽  
Ehresmann Semigroups

As generalizations of inverse semigroups, Ehresmann semigroups are introduced by Lawson and investigated by many authors extensively in the literature. In particular, Lawson has proved that the category of Ehresmann semigroups and admissible morphisms is isomorphic to the category of Ehresmann categories and strongly ordered functors, which generalizes the well-known Ehresmann–Schein–Nambooripad (ESN) theorem for inverse semigroups. From a varietal perspective, Ehresmann semigroups are derived from reducts of inverse semigroups. In this paper, inspired by the approach of Jones [‘A common framework for restriction semigroups and regular $\ast$-semigroups’, J. Pure Appl. Algebra216 (2012), 618–632], Ehresmann semigroups are extended from a varietal perspective to pseudo-Ehresmann semigroups derived instead from reducts of regular semigroups with a multiplicative inverse transversal. Furthermore, motivated by the method used by Gould and Wang [‘Beyond orthodox semigroups’, J. Algebra368 (2012), 209–230], we introduce the notion of inductive pseudocategories over admissible quadruples by which pseudo-Ehresmann semigroups are described. More precisely, we show that the category of pseudo-Ehresmann semigroups and (2,1,1,1)-morphisms is isomorphic to the category of inductive pseudocategories over admissible quadruples and pseudofunctors. Our work not only generalizes the result of Lawson for Ehresmann semigroups but also produces a new approach to characterize regular semigroups with a multiplicative inverse transversal.

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

TEM Analysis of Long-Period Polytypes in SiC—S

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
S. Shinozaki ◽  
J. W. Sprys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Structural Lattice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Continuous Curves

In reaction sintered SiC (∽ 5um average grain size), about 15% of the grains were found to have long-period structures, which were identifiable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to investigate the stability of the long-period polytypes at high temperature, crystal structures as well as microstructural changes in the long-period polytypes were analyzed as a function of time in isothermal annealing.Each polytype was analyzed by two methods: (1) Electron diffraction, and (2) Electron micrograph analysis. Fig. 1 shows microdensitometer traces of ED patterns (continuous curves) and calculated intensities (vertical lines) along 10.l row for 6H and 84R (Ramsdell notation). Intensity distributions were calculated based on the Zhdanov notation of (33) for 6H and [ (33)3 (32)2 ]3 for 84R. Because of the dynamical effect in electron diffraction, the observed intensities do not exactly coincide with those intensities obtained by structure factor calculations. Fig. 2 shows the high resolution TEM micrographs, where the striped patterns correspond to direct resolution of the structural lattice periodicities of 6H and 84R structures and the spacings shown in the figures are as expected for those structures.

Processing Immunoperoxidase Labeled Cell Monolayers and Cryostat Sesctions For Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 714-715
Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
R. Van de Velde ◽  
I.P. Shintaku ◽  
A.F. Sassoon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Reaction Step ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Glass Slides

Immunoelectron microscopy of neoplastic lymphoma cells is valuable for precise localization of surface antigens and identification of cell types. We have developed a new approach in which the immunohistochemical staining can be evaluated prior to embedding for EM and desired area subsequently selected for ultrathin sectioning.A freshly prepared lymphoma cell suspension is spun onto polylysine hydrobromide- coated glass slides by cytocentrifugation and immediately fixed without air drying in polylysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative. After rinsing in PBS, slides are stained by a 3-step immunoperoxidase method. Cell monolayer is then fixed in buffered 3% glutaraldehyde prior to DAB reaction. After the DAB reaction step, wet monolayers can be examined under LM for presence of brown reaction product and selected monolayers then processed by routine methods for EM and embedded with the Chien Re-embedding Mold. After the polymerization, the epoxy blocks are easily separated from the glass slides by heatingon a 100°C hot plate for 20 seconds.

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