scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF PARENTS AND PEERS ON ADOLESCENT SMOKING INITIATION: FINDINGS FROM A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN KOTA TINGGI DISTRICT, JOHOR, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Lim Kuang Hock ◽  
Lim Hui Li ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Cheong Yoon Ling ◽  
Kee Chee Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Multi Stage

Studies have shown that parents and peers are among the dominant factors that contribute to smoking initiation among non-smoking adolescents. The paucity of this information in Malaysia warrants a longitudinal study to determine the actual factors associated smoking initiation. The study aims to address the gaps in our knowledge on the factors that associated with smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents. We carried out a longitudinal study among non-smoking secondary school-going adolescents in Kota Tinggi district, Johor. A representative sample of 1682 was selected via multi-stage sampling and respondents were followed-up for a period of one year. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected respondents and multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the factors associated with smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents. Approximately 1 in 10 non-smoking school-going adolescents-initiated smoking at the end of follow-up. Having peers and a father who smokes were significantly associated with smoking in univariate analysis, similarly, a relationship was also observed in multivariable analysis between parents who smoked with smoking initiation after the effect of other independent variables were controlled (Adjusted relative risk: 1.81, 95% CI 1.06-2.95). The study revealed that parental influence was more dominant than peer influence with regard to smoking initiation. Therefore, intervention programmes should involve parents/guardians to enhance their chances of success and reduce the incidence of smoking among non-smoking school-going adolescents.

scholarly journals Which healthcare workers work with acute respiratory illness? Evidence from Canadian acute-care hospitals during 4 influenza seasons: 2010–2011 to 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Shelly McNeil ◽  
Kevin Katz ◽  
Mark Loeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Healthcare Settings

AbstractBackground:Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring and transmitting respiratory viruses while working in healthcare settings.Objectives:To investigate the incidence of and factors associated with HCWs working during an acute respiratory illness (ARI).Methods:HCWs from 9 Canadian hospitals were prospectively enrolled in active surveillance for ARI during the 2010–2011 to 2013–2014 influenza seasons. Daily illness diaries during ARI episodes collected information on symptoms and work attendance.Results:At least 1 ARI episode was reported by 50.4% of participants each study season. Overall, 94.6% of ill individuals reported working at least 1 day while symptomatic, resulting in an estimated 1.9 days of working while symptomatic and 0.5 days of absence during an ARI per participant season. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted relative risk of working while symptomatic was higher for physicians and lower for nurses relative to other HCWs. Participants were more likely to work if symptoms were less severe and on the illness onset date compared to subsequent days. The most cited reason for working while symptomatic was that symptoms were mild and the HCW felt well enough to work (67%). Participants were more likely to state that they could not afford to stay home if they did not have paid sick leave and were younger.Conclusions:HCWs worked during most episodes of ARI, most often because their symptoms were mild. Further data are needed to understand how best to balance the costs and risks of absenteeism versus those associated with working while ill.

Factors associated with non-retention in HIV care in an era of widespread antiretroviral therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Connell ◽  
Anna O’Rourke ◽  
Eileen Sweeney ◽  
Almida Lynam ◽  
Corinna Sadlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Retention In Hiv Care ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

In an era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-1-infected patients, our primary aim was to describe prevalence and characteristics of patients disengaged from care at an urban ambulatory HIV clinic. We conducted a nested case–control study. All patients who disengaged from care (defined as being lost to follow-up for at least one year) from 2007 to 2014 inclusive were identified. Cases were matched to controls in a 1:4 ratio. A total of 1250 cases were included; 250/2289 (10.9%) of patients attending our HIV clinic disengaged from 2007 to 2014. One hundred and twenty-six (50.4%) were heterosexual, 81 (32.4%) were men who have sex with men and 40 (16%) were intravenous drug users. On univariate analysis only, patients with heterosexual risk were more likely to disengage from care (50.4% vs. 33.7%, p: <0.001). Those who disengaged were younger, mean age of 39 (p: <0.001). A higher proportion of patients who disengaged from care was not receiving ART and did not have a suppressed HIV-1 viral load (p: <0.001). On multivariable analysis, Irish patients were less likely to disengage from HIV care (odds ratio: 0.567, p: 0.002). Factors associated with non-retention in HIV care have been identified. A semi-structured interview of those patients who re-engaged will take place to further examine reasons for disengagement from care.

scholarly journals STAGES OF SMOKING CESSATION AMONG ADULT CURRENT SMOKERS IN MALAYSIA: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL E-CIGARETTE SURVEY 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Kuang Hock Lim ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Hui Li Lim ◽  
Pei Pei Heng ◽  
Kee Chee Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contemplation Stage ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Identification of the stages of smoking cessation among smokers is essential to improve the rate of smoking cessation. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with stages of smoking cessation across the demographic distribution of adult smokers in Malaysia. Data were derived from a population-based study among Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Face-to-face interviews were carried out by trained staff using a validated questionnaire to obtain data related to smoking from 4,288 selected respondents. Of 4,288, 438 respondents are current smokers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with stage of smoking cessation. Approximately 60% (n=269/438) of the current smokers were in the pre-contemplation stage and 40% (n=169/438) were in the contemplation and preparation stages of smoking cessation. The proportion of pre-contemplators was higher among smokers with higher levels of nicotine addiction (71.3%), lower education attainment (71.4%), and those who were single/widowed/divorced (66.9%). Multivariable analysis showed that males, and those who reported low to high level of nicotine addiction were more likely to be in the pre-contemplation stage whilst those in the older age groups were more likely to be in the advanced stage of smoking cessation. The study revealed that the majority of current smokers in Malaysia had no intention to quit smoking within 6 months. Specific interventions targeting males, young adults and smokers with low to high nicotine addiction should be introduced to ensure the smokers proceed to the advanced stage of smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Voluntary Testing Practice Among People with Clinical Symptoms of COVID-19 in Somalia: Using Andersen’s Behavioral model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Magan ◽  
Duah Dwomoh
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Voluntary Testing ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: COVID-19, is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus is a global pandemic which threatens children and their rights in countries around the world. Epidemiologists have advocated for a robust testing and contact tracing as a potential solution to balance public health and economic priorities. Using Anderson Behavioral Model, our study aimed to analyze predisposing, Enabling and Need factors associated with VT4C-19 practice in Somalia. Methods: A cross sectional community-based survey were conducted at household level among adults above the age 18 years living in Mogadishu and Garowe cities. The study used multi-stage stratified-cluster sampling method. Out of the Four main towns in Somalia with a designated free National laboratory for COVID-19 testing by the government, the study randomly selected two cities (Mogadishu & Garowe) using Simple Random Sampling (SRS) Method. The study used univariate analysis and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression model to control other possible confounders and to give the Andersen Behavioral Modal that were independently associated with voluntary testing for COVID-19 in Somalia. The statistical significance tests were accepted at p < 0.05.Results: Only 113 (6.6%) out of (1,708) study participants who experienced clinical symptoms of COVID-19 (between 16 March – 31 December 2020) voluntarily tested their COVID-19 status. The study found Predisposing factors including gender (P<0.001), marital status (p<0.05), mass media availability (p<0.05), telephone ownership (p<0.05), peer influence (P<0.001) and stigma of COVID-19 positive individuals in the community (P<0.001), and Enabling factors including: place of residence (p<0.001), expense decision maker at household level (p<0.05), insurance status (p<0.001) and access to outreach and health education program (p<0.05), as well as the Need factors including: perceived importance of COVID-19 voluntary test (p<0.001) and chronic diseases status among the study participants (p<0.05) were among the factors associated with the practice of voluntary tests of COVID-19 among the clinically symptomatic individuals in Somalia.Conclusion: The uptake of Voluntary testing for COVID-19 is very low in Somalia. To promote this, health officials and policy makers need to focus on a consistent and culturally sensitive community sensitization programs and bringing the COVID-19 test closer to the communities including rural communities.

scholarly journals Aspirin prescribing in cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults in Ireland: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Moriarty ◽  
Alan Barry ◽  
Rose Anne Kenny ◽  
Tom Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background Aspirin use for cardiovascular indications is widespread despite evidence not supporting use in patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study characterises aspirin prescribing among people aged ≥50 years in Ireland for primary and secondary prevention, and factors associated with prescription. Methods This cross-sectional study includes participants from wave 3 (2014-2015) of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. We identified participants reporting use of prescribed aspirin, other antiplatelets/anticoagulants, and doctor-diagnosed CVD (MI, angina, stroke, TIA) and other cardiovascular conditions. We examined factors associated with aspirin use for primary and secondary prevention in multivariate regression. For a subset, we also examined 10-year cardiovascular risk (using the Framingham general risk score) as a predictor of aspirin use. Results Among 6,618 participants, the mean age was 66.9 years (SD 9.4) and 55.6% (3,679) were female. Prescribed aspirin was reported by 1,432 participants (21.6%), and 77.6% of aspirin users had no previous CVD. Among participants with previous CVD, 17% were not prescribed aspirin/another antithrombotic. This equates to 201,000 older adults nationally using aspirin for primary prevention, and 16,000 with previous CVD not prescribed an antithrombotic. Among those without CVD, older age, male sex, free health care, and more GP visits were associated with aspirin prescribing. Cardiovascular risk was significantly associated with aspirin use (adjusted relative risk 1.15, 95%CI 1.08-1.23, per 1% increase in cardiovascular risk). Conclusion Almost four-fifths of people aged ≥50 years on aspirin have no previous CVD, equivalent to 201,000 adults nationally, however prescribing appears rational in targeting higher cardiovascular risk patients.

scholarly journals Factors associated with smoking initiation among Saudi male adolescents: A longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (June) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutaz Mohammed ◽  
Kei Long Cheung ◽  
Bjorn Winkens ◽  
Nanne De Vries ◽  
Hein De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Saudi Male

scholarly journals Utilization of Hospice Care in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nabeel Chauhan ◽  
Syed F. Ali ◽  
Yousef Hannawi ◽  
Archana Hinduja
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: A significant percentage of terminally ill patients are discharged to hospice care following a devastating stroke. Objective: We sought to determine the factors associated with hospital discharge to hospice care in a large cohort of patients with stroke. Methods: Using the institutional Get With The Guidelines-Stroke database, all consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were alive at discharge, from January 2009 until July 2015, were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with discharge to hospice care. Results: Of 2446 patients with AIS, 3.4% died and were excluded of remaining 2363 patients, and 4.2% were discharged to hospice care. Univariate analysis identified patients who were discharged to hospice care to be older, caucasian, Medicare or private insurance, have atrial fibrillation, heart failure and less often had diabetes mellitus or smoked. Altered mentation at presentation and urinary tract infection were more common in patients discharged to hospice. On multivariable analysis, patients transferred to hospice care were older (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.07; P < .001), had a high National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10-1.20; P < .001), and altered mental status at presentation (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.29-4.55; P < .001). Conclusion: In our study, elderly patients with high NIHSS and altered mental status were identified as factors associated with transition to hospice care following AIS. Prospective studies on the optimal timing of initiation of these consults are needed.

Abstract 9: Predictors of Poor Outcome in Patients Not Thrombolysed Due to Mild or Resolving Symptoms ("Too Good To Treat")

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed F Ali ◽  
Urooba Faheem ◽  
Aneesh B Singhal ◽  
Anand Viswanathan ◽  
Scott B Silverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Iv Tpa

Introduction: A common reason for exclusion of patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within the time frame for IV tPA is that they are “too good to treat” due to rapidly improving or mild symptoms. Several studies have reported poor outcomes in this group which motivated us to evaluate patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Methods: Using our institutional GWTG database, we analyzed 2,745 consecutive stroke admissions (01/2009 - 07/2013). Univariate and multivariable analysis were carried out to determine factors associated with poor outcome, defined as not being discharged home. Results: Of the total 2,745 patients, 306 (11.1%) presented within the window for IV tPA but did not receive the treatment due to symptoms too mild or rapidly improving as judged by the treating team. Of these 306, 64.1% were discharged home, 26.5% to IRF, 7.2% to SNF and 2.9% expired/hospice. Patients with poor outcome were older, more frequently Hispanic and presented with more vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, CAD, PAD and atrial fibrillation than good outcome patients. They also had higher median initial NIHSS. Patients in both groups had similar adherence to early antithrombotics, dysphagia screening and DVT prophylaxis. Poor outcome patients had higher rates of in-hospital complications and a longer hospital length of stay (Table 1). On univariate analysis, factors associated with poor outcome included age [OR 1.50 (1.30 - 1.70), p<0.0001], ethnicity [4.15 (1.25 - 13.81), p=0.020], diabetes mellitus [1.91 (1.11 - 3.29), p=0.019], atrial fibrillation [1.82 (1.02 - 3.25), p=0.042], PAD [9.02 (1.04 - 78.20), p=0.046], NIHSS [1.16 per point (1.06 - 1.27), p=0.001], in-hospital pneumonia (all cases had poor outcome) or UTI [7.04 (1.92 - 25.81), p=0.003]. In multivariable analysis, only age [1.50 (1.30 - 1.70), p<0.0001], ethnicity [6.61 (1.83 - 23.85), p=0.004], NIHSS [1.14 per point (1.04 - 1.26), p=0.007] and UTI [7.30 (1.72 - 31.00), p=0.007] remained significant. Conclusion: A substantial percentage of patients deemed “too good” for IV tPA were unable to be discharged home. Factors such as advanced age and higher NIHSS should be considered in tPA decision-making to optimize outcomes. Large, multi-center prospective studies are underway to study the predictors of poor outcomes in this group.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Smoking Cessation and Risk of Smoking Initiation in Bulgarian Youth

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Milena D. Anatchkova ◽  
Colleen A. Redding ◽  
Joseph S. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

The goal of this project was to explore the factors associated with smoking behavior among Bulgarian adolescents. A sample recruited from 12 high schools in Bulgaria (N = 673, mean age = 16.52, 65% female), was used for the analyses in this paper. A series of logistic regressions were performed to explore the factors associated with smoking cessation and increased risk of smoking initiation. Based on self-reported smoking status participants completed different sets of questionnaires and were included in separate models exploring smoking cessation and increased risk of smoking initiation. Variables consistently associated with smoking like stress, coping strategies, peer influence, family influence, exposure to tobacco related marketing were included as predictor variables in both models. In addition each of the two models included the relevant constructs of decisional balance and temptations from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). The final logistic model differentiating smokers/ex-smokers included age, parental smoking status, Temptation to smoke, and support for smoking bans in public places as variables, correctly classifying 82.3% of the sample. The final model among nonsmokers differentiating higher risk/lower risk of smoking initiation included the strength of the belief that smoking is harmful, Temptations to try smoking, Pros of being smoke-free, and support for smoking bans in public places, correctly classifying 72.7% of the sample. These results provide better understanding of the factors associated with smoking behavior in Bulgarian adolescents that can guide the development of smoking cessation and prevention programs for this population.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with non-attendance in neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic among infants with CHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eméfah C. Loccoh ◽  
Sunkyung Yu ◽  
Janet Donohue ◽  
Ray Lowery ◽  
Jennifer Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractBackgroundNeurodevelopmental impairment is increasingly recognised as a potentially disabling outcome of CHD and formal evaluation is recommended for high-risk patients. However, data are lacking regarding the proportion of eligible children who actually receive neurodevelopmental evaluation, and barriers to follow-up are unclear. We examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with failure to attend neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic after infant cardiac surgery.MethodsSurvivors of infant (<1 year) cardiac surgery at our institution (4/2011-3/2014) were included. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated in neurodevelopmental clinic attendees and non-attendees in univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 552 patients were included; median age at surgery was 2.4 months, 15% were premature, and 80% had moderate–severe CHD. Only 17% returned for neurodevelopmental evaluation, with a median age of 12.4 months. In univariate analysis, non-attendees were older at surgery, had lower surgical complexity, fewer non-cardiac anomalies, shorter hospital stay, and lived farther from the surgical center. Non-attendee families had lower income, and fewer were college graduates or had private insurance. In multivariable analysis, lack of private insurance remained independently associated with non-attendance (adjusted odds ratio 1.85, p=0.01), with a trend towards significance for distance from surgical center (adjusted odds ratio 2.86, p=0.054 for ⩾200 miles).ConclusionsThe majority of infants with CHD at high risk for neurodevelopmental dysfunction evaluated in this study are not receiving important neurodevelopmental evaluation. Efforts to remove financial/insurance barriers, increase access to neurodevelopmental clinics, and better delineate other barriers to receipt of neurodevelopmental evaluation are needed.

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