Low Recruitment of Native Trees in a Deciduous Forest Associated with Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Invasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Link ◽  
Trey Turnblacer ◽  
Cierra K. Snyder ◽  
Sarah E. Daugherty ◽  
Ryan M. Utz
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Native Tree

AbstractInvasive plants may dramatically impact forest ecosystems by establishing dense populations and suppressing the recruitment of native tree species. One invasive shrub currently spreading throughout eastern deciduous forests of North America, Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), may be limiting tree recruitment in stands where it invades. Once established, B. thunbergii becomes densely populated within forest understories and suppresses native plants by competing for limited resources, altering soil conditions, and changing the understory microclimate. To quantify native seedling inhibition caused by B. thunbergii invasion, we conducted an observational study on seedling abundance within forest plots that were either invaded or not invaded by B. thunbergii and used survey data to generate Bayesian models of native seedling densities along gradients of increasing B. thunbergii stem counts and aboveground plant dry mass. Model outputs predicted that B. thunbergii–invaded plots had 82% lower seedling densities compared with uninvaded plots. Native tree seedling densities were very low even in areas with moderate B. thunbergii density, suggesting that reduced tree seedling densities are observed even at low densities of invasion. Our findings indicate that forests invaded with B. thunbergii harbor substantially lower densities of native tree seedlings, with potentially significant long-term consequences for forest ecological integrity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.

To manage or not? Successful native tree seedling restoration despite a dense, invasive shrub, Berberis thunbergii

Plant Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Link ◽  
Linda M. K. Johnson ◽  
Ryan M. Utz
Keyword(s):  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Native Tree

Monitoring of natural regeneration in a mixed deciduous forest

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Tabari ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Regeneration Phase

Monitoring  of natural regeneration in a dense semi-natural mixed hardwood forest on the  base    of ash, beech, oak and sycamore occurred over 3 years in the Aelmoeseneie  experimental    forest, Belgium. 40 permanent plots (4 m x 5 m) were selected in three  various humus types,    located in an ash stand and in an oak - beech stand. In all plots abundance  and top height of all    broad leaved regenerated species were determined at the end of the growing  seasons 1995 and    1998. In addition, the seedlings which appeared in the plots during 1996  and 1997 were    identified and followed up.    This study proves that in the investigated sites natural regeneration is  drastically poor and    diversity is low, in particular where the humus layer is more acidic (mull  moder) and the litter    layer is thick. No regeneration phase older than the seedling stage (h <  40 cm) is developed on    the different humus types. On average, total number of seedlings in 1995  amounts to 38    units/are in the ash stand and to 63 units/are in the oak - beech stand.  Survival rate over a 3-    year period is 37% and 42% respectively in the ash and oak - beech stands.  Total ingrowth    during the growing seasons 1996 and 1997 is virtually poor, indicating 16  and 8 units/are    respectively in above mentioned stands. Survival rate of occurring  seedlings, as well as the ingrowth of new seedlings are notably different (P < 0.05) according to the soil conditions of the    ash stand. Generally, the low presence of seedlings and the lack of  regeneration older than the    seedling stage reveal that the regeneration development encounters with a  critical problem. The    continuation of this process would likely result in a progressive  succession by the invasive and    the unwanted tree species.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Tree Seedling Regeneration Following a Boreal Forest Wildfire

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa S. Ibáñez ◽  
David A. Wardle ◽  
Michael J. Gundale ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Seedling Regeneration

AbstractWildfire disturbance is important for tree regeneration in boreal ecosystems. A considerable amount of literature has been published on how wildfires affect boreal forest regeneration. However, we lack understanding about how soil-mediated effects of fire disturbance on seedlings occur via soil abiotic properties versus soil biota. We collected soil from stands with three different severities of burning (high, low and unburned) and conducted two greenhouse experiments to explore how seedlings of tree species (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) performed in live soils and in sterilized soil inoculated by live soil from each of the three burning severities. Seedlings grown in live soil grew best in unburned soil. When sterilized soils were reinoculated with live soil, seedlings of P. abies and P. sylvestris grew better in soil from low burn severity stands than soil from either high severity or unburned stands, demonstrating that fire disturbance may favor post-fire regeneration of conifers in part due to the presence of soil biota that persists when fire severity is low or recovers quickly post-fire. Betula pendula did not respond to soil biota and was instead driven by changes in abiotic soil properties following fire. Our study provides strong evidence that high fire severity creates soil conditions that are adverse for seedling regeneration, but that low burn severity promotes soil biota that stimulates growth and potential regeneration of conifers. It also shows that species-specific responses to abiotic and biotic soil characteristics are altered by variation in fire severity. This has important implications for tree regeneration because it points to the role of plant–soil–microbial feedbacks in promoting successful establishment, and potentially successional trajectories and species dominance in boreal forests in the future as fire regimes become increasingly severe through climate change.

scholarly journals Sudden Phytophthora Dieback of Wild Cherry Trees in Northwest Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Judit Sárándi-Kovács ◽  
László Nagy ◽  
Ferenc Lakatos ◽  
György Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract During a regular survey of declining forests in 2011, sudden dieback symptoms were observed on scattered wild cherry trees (Prunus avium) in a mixed deciduous forest stand, located in the flood plain area of the Rába River, in northwest Hungary. In this study, we correlated both soil conditions and presence of Phytophthora spp. to dieback of cherry trees. Two Phytophthora species, P. polonica and P. plurivora, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the dying trees. By contrast, only P. polonica was recovered from the necrotic tissues of symptomatic roots. Stem and root inoculation tests on cherry seedlings showed pathogenicity of both species, although P. polonica proved to be more virulent. This is the first report of natural infections of P. polonica.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE FERTILIZANTE ORGANOMINERAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE MAMÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Everson Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Everton Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Alessandra de Lourdes BALLARIS ◽  
Marcelo Romero Ramos da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Papaya Tree ◽  
Different Doses

O mamoeiro é umas das plantas frutíferas mais comuns em quase todos os países da América Tropical. Um dos principais problemas na cadeia produtiva da cultura de mamão é obter bom manejo do material propagativo e garantir uniformidade e qualidade de estande, sendo para isso necessária a obtenção de mudas de qualidades fisiológicas e sanitárias adequadas.  A utilização de produtos alternativos vem demonstrando efeitos significativos no desenvolvimento radicular de várias plantas, o que beneficia a formação de um pomar de maneira rápida, homogênea, permitindo assim a antecipação da colheita e maior lucratividade ao produtor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do organomineral em diferentes doses na produção de mudas da cultura do mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, em condições de ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro de mudas do Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com seis tratamentos (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300 e 0,400 kg tratamento de organomineral) e quatro repetições (6X4), utilizando 5 saquinhos por repetição, totalizando 120 saquinhos. Os dados biométricos analisados foram altura da planta (cm); comprimento da raiz (cm); diâmetro do caule (cm); massa úmida e seca da área foliar (g) e massa úmida e seca da raiz (g), aos 60 dias após plantio. Com base nos dados obtidos dos caracteres agronômicos analisados, conclui-se que o uso das doses 0,050; 0,100; 0,200 e 0,300 kg por tratamento de fertilizante organomineral promoveu a obtenção de mudas de mamoeiro com maior qualidade fisiológica que são imprescindíveis na formação de pomares comerciais.   REVIEW OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR PAPAYA SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT   ABSTRACT The papaya tree is one of the most common fruit trees in almost all Tropical American countries. One of the main issues in the papaya cultivation production chain is obtaining good management of propagative material and provide uniformity and quality for sales quality assurance, being to this end necessary to obtain physiological and sanitary appropriate seedling. The use of alternative products has demonstrated significant effects on the root development of several plants, benefiting a fast, homogeneous formation of an orchard, resulting in the anticipation of the harvest and higher profitability for the farmers. This paper aims at reviewing the organic mineral in different doses to produce papaya tree seedling from cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, in environment-protected conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II greenhouse. The trial design chosen was the completely randomized blocks, with 6 treatments (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300, and 0,400 kg organic mineral treatment), and four repetitions (6X4), using 5 small bags per repetition, total 120 small bags. Biometric data analyzed was the plant height (cm); root length (cm); stem diameter (cm); wet and dry mass of the leaf area (g), and wet and dry mass of the root area (g), 60 days after planting. Based on the data obtained from agronomic characters analyzed, it was concluded that the use of 0,050; 0,100; 0,200, and 0,300 kg doses per treatment with organic mineral fertilizer provided papaya tree seedling with higher physiological quality which are vital for the commercial formation of orchards.   Keywords: Carica papaya L. Seedling. Propagation.

scholarly journals Water Erosion Reduction Using Different Soil Tillage Approaches for Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Czech Republic

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
David Kincl ◽  
Pavel Nerušil ◽  
Jan Srbek ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Czech Republic

In today’s agriculture, maize is considered to be one of the major feed, food and industrial crops. Cultivation of maize by inappropriate agricultural practices and on unsuitable sites is connected with specific risks of soil degradation, mainly due to water erosion of the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yielding parameters, fodder quality and anti-erosion efficiency of different methods of conservation tillage for maize in two areas (Jevíčko—JEV and Skoupý—SKO) with different climate and soil conditions in the Czech Republic in the period 2016–2018, using multivariate exploratory techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). Four variants of soil tillage methods were analysed: Conventional Tillage (CT), two slightly different Strip-Till techniques (ST) and Direct Sowing (DS). The analysed parameters were: dry mass of the plants, height of the plants, starch content (SC), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), soil loss by erosion and surface runoff. The multivariate exploratory techniques PCA and FA significantly differed in two categories of techniques in both locations. The first category consists of soil conservation techniques (SCT): ST (JEV/SKO) and DS (JEV). These techniques are characterised by lower yields of dry mass, lower height of plants, forage quality equal to CT, but a high level of protection of the soil against erosion. The second category consists of CT (JEV and SKO) and partially of DS (SKO). These treatments are characterised by high dry mass production, higher plants, high forage quality, but a feeble capacity of protection of the soil against erosion. The results of the study confirm the presumption of the positive influence of introduction and application of new agronomical practices in the areas of interest and other areas with similar natural conditions in the sense of sustainable management for agricultural management of agricultural land for the conditions of the Czech Republic and therefore of Central and Eastern Europe. PCA and FA were used as an effective method for comprehensive evaluation of the use of STC in agricultural practice.

scholarly journals Potentials of Natural Tree Regeneration after Clearcutting in Subalpine Forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Kreyling ◽  
Andreas Schmiedinger ◽  
Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Carl Beiekuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Understory Plant

Abstract Regeneration of interior mountain forests still is not adequately understood, although these forests are subject to intensified use over the last decades. We examined factors influencing the success of natural tree regeneration after harvesting in the Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir zone of the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Distance from the forest edge was an important factor for regeneration; at distances exceeding 70 m from the forest edge only 50% of plots showed sufficient natural regeneration to meet stocking targets compared with 90% of plots closer to forest edges. Seedling density and growth were superior in the more protected southern portions of clearcuts. Seedling growth was less in plots containing high cover of downed woody debris. There was no relationship between understory plant diversity or composition and tree seedling regeneration. However, cover of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) had a significant negative relationship with density but not growth of tree seedlings, particularly for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Cover of fireweed decline substantially within the first 10 years after clearcutting. We conclude that natural regeneration of trees has potential to help achieve stocking targets and also to maintain natural diversity of tree species if spatial constraints, especially thresholds in clearcut size, are considered.

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