Alliance network size, partner diversity, and knowledge creation in small biotech firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojin Yoon ◽  
Diane Y. Lee ◽  
Jaeyong Song
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Organizational Type ◽  
Alliance Network ◽  
Biotech Industry ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Balanced Network

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects on knowledge creation of network size and partner diversity formed through alliance relationships. These effects are tested empirically in the biotech industry setting, which is representative of industries that emphasize external collaboration. Using patent count as a proxy of knowledge creation, Poisson regression was employed to test our predictions empirically. The statistical results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between network size and knowledge creation. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between partner diversity and knowledge creation. This research suggests that small biotech firms should strive to achieve a balanced network size. Knowledge creation is better promoted in these firms through alliances with firms of similar organizational type. The value of this research lies in the fact that it provides new insight into properties of alliance networks by highlighting potentially negative consequences of having an oversized alliance network and partner diversity.

Stress Spillover in Policing and Negative Relationship Functioning for Law Enforcement Marriages

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke McQuerrey Tuttle ◽  
Zachary Giano ◽  
Michael J. Merten
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Marital Functioning ◽  
Unique Type

The nature of police work includes toxic work environments and uncertain danger which imparts a unique type of occupational stress spillover or the transfer of stress from work life to home life for law enforcement officers. Work stress places officers at risk for negative health and psychosocial outcomes. While it has been shown that occupational stress can compromise the well-being of police officers, little is known about how spillover can effect other areas of life for officers such as marital relationships. This study investigates the association between work demands, emotional stress spillover, and marital functioning in a law enforcement sample. Data from 1,180 married law enforcement respondents to the Police Officer Questionnaire which included 148 items assessing work stress, health, family, and support were examined. Responses were analyzed using regression analyses. Results showed that career demands and emotional spillover were statistically significant predictors of the variance in marital functioning. Social and emotional spillover of work-related stress carries negative consequences for communication and emotion regulation within law enforcement marriages.

scholarly journals Spinoffs’ alliance network growth beyond parental ties: performance diminishing, then performance enhancing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Zarea Fazlelahi ◽  
J. Henri Burgers ◽  
Martin Obschonka ◽  
Per Davidsson
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Alliance Network ◽  
Performance Effects

Abstract Spinoff firms are a common phenomenon in entrepreneurship where employees leave incumbent parent firms to found their own. Like other types of new firms, such new spinoffs face liabilities of newness and smallness. Previous research has emphasised the role of the initial endowments from their parent firm to overcome such liabilities. In this study, we argue and are the first to show, that, in addition to such endowments, growing an alliance network with firms other than their parents’ is also critical for spinoff performance. Specifically, we investigate the performance effect of alliance network growth in newly founded spinoffs using a longitudinal sample of 248 spinoffs and 3370 strategic alliances in the mining industry. Drawing on theory based on the resource adjustment costs of forming alliances, we posit and find a U-shaped relationship between the alliance network growth and spinoff performance, above and beyond the parent firm’s influence. We further hypothesise and find that performance effects become stronger with increased time lags between alliance network growth and spinoff performance, and when spinoffs delay growing their alliance networks. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Leadership-promoted diversity climate and group identification

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Žnidaršič ◽  
Sabina Bogilović ◽  
Matej Černe ◽  
Roopak Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Categorization Theory ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Work Units

PurposeBesides diversity's positive effects, groups of “we” against “them” may form in accordance with social categorization theory, showing diversity's negative consequences. The authors aim to reconcile these results and examine their boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied 584 working professionals from five contexts (transnational companies dealing with multicultural interactions) and analyzed data using moderated-mediation procedures.FindingsA leader-promoting diversity climate plays a crucial role in moderating the negative relationship between perceived dissimilarity and group identification, which is mediated by value dissimilarity.Originality/valueThis study mainly contributes by treating dissimilarity as a multicomponent construct, emphasizing the crucial differences embodied in various conceptualizations of dissimilarity – namely visible and value dissimilarity. For dissimilarity to result in group identification, the results highlight leaders' crucial role, beyond that of organizations and individuals, in stimulating a diversity-embracing climate in work units.

scholarly journals Online Education: Issues, Challenges and Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
OLATUNJI, Michael Olalekan
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
New World ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Student Demand ◽  
Made In

Swenson (2007) observed that “in the space of one brief decade, the internet has changed our world and most of us with it”. He remarked further that our ways of doing things are different now as a result of digital revolution in education. To be successful therefore in a 21st century world, in which knowledge is generated at an ever increasing pace, requires that learning be made an ongoing process of skill development and knowledge creation. Online education programs are a reflection of this new world as they offer education without borders (Levine & Sun, 2003). Online education has experienced dramatic expansion while institutions of higher learning continue to increase online course offerings in an effort to satisfy student demand (Capra, 2011). However, Capra submitted further that, while this growth is impressive, it is not without unintended negative consequences. As a result of the increasing import of online education over the years, attempt is made in this paper to examine some of the negative consequences inherent in this innovative form of education which one sees as issues and challenges. The paper also discusses the implications of the identified issues and challenges with strategic suggestions made as to the way forward

Impact of Age on Pay Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction Leading to Turnover Intention: A Study of Young Working Professionals in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashik Roy Choudhury ◽  
Varun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Pay Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Study Offer

In this study, the authors contribute insight into the relationship between pay satisfaction and turnover intention as well as between job satisfaction and turnover intention amongst young Indian professionals by segregating the respondents into two groups based on the median age. Data were collected from 230 working Indian executives, having median age of 25, from various industries such as Information Technology, Public Sector Units, Pharmacy, and Fast Moving Consumer Goods where they expressed their views on turnover intentions, job satisfaction & pay satisfaction in their respective organizations. The results revealed the negative relationship between turnover intention and job satisfaction and also between turnover intention and pay satisfaction. However, when age is introduced as a variable having a moderating effect on the above relationships, it was noticed that pay satisfaction is more significant than job satisfaction when it comes to intention to quit a job for employees who are relatively experienced having an age greater than the median age of 25; whereas, for employees less than the median age, turnover intention is driven more by job satisfaction than pay satisfaction. Findings from this study offer important implications for theory & research in turnover intention driven by factors like pay satisfaction and job satisfaction with the moderating effect of age of employees.

Neural Foundations of Variability in Attachment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson J. Bennett ◽  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Ruth Feldman ◽  
Valeria Gazzola ◽  
Jay Giedd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Neuroscience offers insight into processes that support the development of the social brain within the cultural contexts that permit attachment relationships to form. Both human and nonhuman animal studies are critical to inform theory development and hypothesis testing via descriptive and experimental studies. A scientifically valid evolutionary theory is necessary to account for the remarkable diversity of parenting systems across human and many nonhuman animals. This chapter examines the neural foundations of attachment and poses critical questions that relate to the initiation of this relationship: How does attachment interface with brain development? What is the interplay between attachment and brain development (including elements of bidirectionality)? Are there negative consequences associated with variation in attachment, and are they reversible? Rather than conceptualizing attachment in terms of a single type of relationship, or a rigid developmental channel, this chapter proposes that an expanded consideration of variation is necessary to understand the neural foundations of infant-caregiver relationships, and the role of those relationships in developing competence across the life span. This approach will permit identification of common neurobiological elements of attachment as well as the remarkable plasticity and diversity within and across individuals, cultures, and species.

scholarly journals Employee and Organizational Impacts of Flexitime Work Arrangements

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Eldridge ◽  
Tahir M. Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Working Day

There is evidence of heavy job demands and low control resulting in multiple negative consequences for employees and their families. Understandably, there is then a desire to move away from such practices and adopt more flexible organizational systems. In such environments, employees may be more in control of their workloads, and manage a better balance between life and work. Flexitime provides increased opportunity to fit other commitments and activities in with work, and make better use of their free time. As employees can choose their own start and finish times for the working day, they can take a little extra time off in a week. It is argued that creating such opportunities improve motivation and raises morale. This also allows for lower stress in the work place and greater enjoyment in the home. Consequently, employees experience increased performance in the work place and greater repertoire for marketing to new employers. Using WERS (The British Workplace Employee Relations Survey), the present study examines the nature of such relationships, and specifi cally explores the usage of flexitime and employee and organizational outcomes. WERS provides a useful set of information about work environment, job characteristics, and occupation, permitting researchers to conduct a more detailed analysis of individual employee behaviour. We develop our hypotheses based on the organizational behaviour literature that is concerned with exploring the nature of individual and organizational responses in challenging and stressful environments. Our results show a negative relationship between flexitime and job security. There is also no evidence of establishments with flexitime work arrangements having less stressed employees. Flexitime may however lead to increased employee participation in decision making as measured by employee discretion and team work. Our fi ndings thus stress the need to be cautious about how we build the case for the adoption of flexitime.

Debriefing in Deceptive Research: A Proposed New Procedure

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Oczak ◽  
Agnieszka Niedźwieńska
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Psychological Experiments

This study examines the effectiveness of a new debriefing procedure designed specifically to address possible negative consequences of participation in deceptive research. The new debriefing includes an extended educational procedure that enables participants to gain insight into relevant deceptive practices and how to recognize and deal effectively with them, and thus end their participation with a positive and beneficial learning experience. The usefulness of the new tool was analyzed in a suggestibility study in which we compared the effects of the standard debriefing and the new procedure in terms of participants' mood, self-esteem, and attitudes toward psychological experiments. The most important result was that at the end of the study subjects who received the new debriefing system expressed more positive mood and more positive attitudes toward research than those who received the standard debriefing system. The implications of these results for generalizing to other kinds of deception research are discussed.

scholarly journals Geographical identification of the vulnerable groups during COVID-19 crisis: the typhoon eye effect and its boundary conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pok Man Tang ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Chi Hon Li ◽  
Feng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Working Adults

AimAlthough some studies suggest the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with negative consequences on physical health, our knowledge about the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on people’s mental health is still nascent. This study uses typhoon eye theory to offer insights in helping clinical psychiatrists to screen people with well-being issues during COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsWe collected survey data from working adults across different geographical areas in China on 20 and 21 February 2020 during the outbreak of COVID-19. The sample contains 308 working adults, who were in various parts of China, with varying distance to the epicenter of Wuhan.ResultsIndividual adults’ distance to the epicenter was negatively associated with life satisfaction (β = −0.235, 95% CI −0.450 to −0.020, p = 0.032). This association between distance and life satisfaction was significant only for adults who were young or had smaller family sizes. For example, the negative relationship was strongest when the individuals were in the age bracket of 20 years old (15.7%; β = −0.703, 95% CI −1.098 to −0.307; p = 0.001) and single (32.3%; β = −0.767, 95% CI −1.125 to −0.408; p < 0.001).ConclusionOur results that people’s well-being deteriorates by the distance from the epicenter for specific groups of people help guide mental healthcare providers towards the regions that are further away from the epicenter in the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Meanwhile, our results indicate the practitioners should be cautious of using typhoon eye effect for individuals who were older or had a larger family size.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production and sales of cars in the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Inna Shevchenko ◽  
Illia Dmytriiev ◽  
Oksana Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

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