scholarly journals The effect of reducing dietary energy density via the addition of water to a dry diet, on body weight, energy intake and physical activity in adult neutered cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Alexander ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Penelope J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Healthy Body

AbstractIncreasingly domestic cats live in an overfeeding and underexercising environment where obesity is a major health concern. One strategy to aid healthy body weight maintenance is dietary energy dilution. Published data indicate that increasing dietary moisture content leads to a reduction in energy intake and increased activity. However, a number of different methodologies were employed in these studies and associated changes in physical activity have only been measured once. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of diets of three different moisture contents offered in excess of energy requirements, on body weight, energy intake and physical activity in adult neutered cats. Sixty-nine adult cats randomised into three groups, received 100 % of their daily individual maintenance energy requirements (IMER) of dry diet or dry diet hydrated to 40 or 80 % total moisture content (tmc). Baseline activity, intake, body weight and body composition were measured. Following this baseline phase, the cats received the same diets at 200 % of daily IMER and the measurements repeated over the next 28 d. When offered the diets at 200 % IMER, cats fed the dry diet significantly increased body weight and percentage of body fat (P < 0·01), while those offered the hydrated diets did not (P > 0·01). The levels of physical activity in cats offered the hydrated 80 % tmc diet were significantly (P < 0·01) higher than those offered the dry or 40 % tmc diet. We suggest that dietary energy dilution by addition of water may be a useful strategy for healthy body weight maintenance in overfed cats.

scholarly journals The effect of reducing energy density, via the addition of water to dry diet, on body weight and activity in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Alexander ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Penelope J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Total Moisture Content

AbstractApproximately 40 % of pet dogs are estimated to be overweight and this is associated with health conditions significantly reducing life span and quality. In cats, dietary energy dilution has been reported to increase activity levels and aid healthy body-weight maintenance. Our aim was to investigate this in dogs. For 28 d, a complete and balanced standard dry diet, hydrated to a total moisture content (TMC) of 72 %, was offered to forty-six dogs at individual maintenance energy requirements (MER). Intake, body weight and activity were measured. For the following 28 d, the dry diet was offered at 200 % of MER with or without hydration (7·6 or 72 % TMC) and measurements repeated. When offered diets in excess, body weight increased significantly faster (19·3 g/d) with the hydrated diet (P = 0·001), but activity levels did not change from baseline (P = 0·392), while activity reduced significantly with the dry diet (about 15 %; P < 0·001). Dogs completely compensated for the reduction of dietary energy content, indicating that this is not a useful strategy for maintaining body weight when offered excess food.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines after colon cancer diagnosis and disease-free (DFS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS) in CALGB 89803 (Alliance).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10006-10006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Van Blarigan ◽  
Charles S. Fuchs ◽  
Donna Niedzwiecki ◽  
Xing Ye ◽  
Sui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

10006 Background: The ACS Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors include: 1) healthy body weight; 2) physical activity; and 3) a diet high in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. It is not known whether colon cancer patients who follow these guidelines have improved DFS, RFS, or OS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among 992 stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in an adjuvant chemotherapy trial in 1999-2001. Lifestyle was assessed twice. We applied a score developed by McCullough ML et al. to quantify adherence to the ACS guidelines based on BMI; physical activity; and intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and red/processed meats (range: 0-6; higher = more healthy behaviors). Alcohol is included in the ACS guidelines for cancer prevention, but not cancer survivors; we tested the score without and with alcohol using McCullough et al.’s cut points: 0 pts = >1/d for women, >2/d for men; 1 pt = no alcohol; 2 pts = >0-1/d for women, >0-2/d for men. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for DFS, RFS, and OS adjusting for clinical, demographic, and lifestyle factors. Results: Over 7 y median follow-up, we observed 335 recurrences and 299 deaths (43 without recurrence). Compared to patients with 0-1 pt (262, 26%), patients with 5-6 pts (91, 9%) had 42% lower risk of death (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.99; p-trend: 0.01) and a trend toward improved DFS (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.06; p-trend: 0.03). When including alcohol in the score, the adjusted HR’s comparing patients with 6-8 pts (162; 16%) to 0-2 pts (187; 91%) were: 0.49 for OS (95% CI: 0.32, 0.76; p-trend: 0.002), 0.58 for DFS (95% CI: 0.40, 0.84; p-trend: 0.01), and 0.64 for RFS (95% CI: 0.44, 0.94; p-trend: 0.05). Conclusions: Colon cancer patients with a healthy body weight who engaged in physical activity, ate a diet high in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and low in red/processed meats, and drank moderate alcohol had longer DFS and OS than patients who did not engage in these behaviors. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, U10CA180820, K07CA197077, R01CA118553, P50CA127003, R35CA197735. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00003835.

scholarly journals Do Levels of Physical Activity among Pupils in Primary and Secondary Schools Explain the Number of Hours of Computer Use?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Michael CHIA ◽  
Bervyn LEE
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Information Number ◽  
Healthy Body

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to examine if the levels of physical activity predict the number of hours of computer use among pupils of healthy body weight from primary and secondary schools in Singapore. 120 primary school participants (mean age: 10.6 yrs) and 120 secondary school participants (mean age: 18.8 yrs), with the appropriate consents were involved in the study. Information number of hours of computer use, computer accessibility, how it is used for work and leisure and self-reported levels of current physical activity was gleaned from questionnaire responses Results showed that the number of hours spent per week using the computer increased with age (6.0±5.0 vs. 8.6±7.7 hrs, p

Healthy Aging and Where You Live: Community Design Relationships With Physical Activity and Body Weight in Older Americans

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
pp. S82-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Frank ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr ◽  
Dori Rosenberg ◽  
Abby King
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

Background:Suburban development patterns may impede physical activity (PA) and mobility and affect healthy aging. This paper investigates the relationships between neighborhood design and walking, driving, PA, and obesity in adults over age 65 years.Methods:Data from the SMARTRAQ (Atlanta region) survey provided measures of PA, BMI, SES, and travel patterns. Neighborhood design was measured using a walkability index (residential density, street connectivity, retail density, and land use mix). Chi square and regression was used to evaluate relationships.Results:Increased walkability was related with more walking (OR 2.02), less time spent traveling in a car (OR .53), and lower odds of being overweight (OR .68). Those with 1 or no cars were more likely to walk (OR 2.9) and spend less time in cars (OR .53); but also less likely to get recommended levels of PA (OR .55). Visiting a fast food outlet was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR 1.81).Conclusions:Policies are needed to bring older Americans closer to shops and services and healthy food outlets as a means of encouraging regular walking and healthy body weight. Incentives to encourage neighborhood grocery stores and affordable housing in central areas along with regulatory reform through zoning can encourage PA and healthy body weight in the elderly.

scholarly journals Interstitial Glucose Level Is a Significant Predictor of Energy Intake in Free-Living Women with Healthy Body Weight

2005 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios G. Pittas ◽  
Radhika Hariharan ◽  
Paul C. Stark ◽  
Cheryl L. Hajduk ◽  
Andrew S. Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

Physical activity and its role in disease prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Hillsdon ◽  
Tim Anstiss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Healthy Body

Regular physical activity is one of the most powerful protective and therapeutic factors known to medicine—protecting people from a wide range of health problems and benefitting over 20 conditions and diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with mental well-being and a healthy body weight. Insufficient physical activity, therefore, is a powerful risk factor for a wide range of diseases and health conditions. It is widely prevalent and contributes significantly to burdens of disease and cost. It is detectable and reducible in individuals and groups.

Estimation of Energy Requirements for Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirmiran ◽  
Mohammadi ◽  
Allahverdian ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the energy intake of adult residents of district 13 of Tehran and compare the results with their energy requirements. Design: In this cross-sectional study, 403 subjects were selected by random sampling, including 145 men and 151 women aged 25–50 years and 57 men and 50 women over 50 years old in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Measurements: Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Mean energy requirements for each sex-age group were estimated by multiplying specific coefficients (allocated to each group) by body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE), and the results of both methods were compared with mean energy values recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) /World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Dietary assessment was performed by 48-hour diet recall. A ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate lower than 1.27 was considered as under-reporting. Physical activity was evaluated by standard questionnaire of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC). Results: Women were significantly more overweight and obese than men (p < 0.001) and older women were more obese than younger ones (p < 0.05). Only one-third of the study population had adequate physical activity. Women had significantly lower physical activity than men (p < 0.01). Energy requirements for both age and sex groups were lower than recommended daily allowances for energy: men 25–50; 2576 vs. 2900; men > 50: 2155 vs. 2300; women 20–50: 2045 vs. 2200 and women > 50: 1817 vs. 1900 kilocalories (kcal). Reported energy intake of men was higher and that of women was lower than the RDA. Forty percent of women and 14% of men under-reported their energy intake. Conclusion: The energy requirement of the average Tehranian is lower than daily allowances; conditions of obesity and overweight are more prevalent in women. There is high frequency of under-reporting of energy intake in women. Lifestyle modifications to improve dietary habits and to increase physical activity are recommended to decrease overweight and obesity in urban population of Tehran.

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