scholarly journals The Effects of Smoking Cessation on the Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Follow-Up Study of Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Sharip ◽  
Anthony Firek ◽  
Serena Tonstad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of short-term smoking cessation on Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) component risk factors, and hormones related to MetS and human metabolism.Methods: Smoking veterans with MetS, attending stop smoking class, were followed up close to one year. Paired comparisons between after the follow up and baseline data were made using t-test.Results: A total of 95 smoking veterans with MetS completed average close to one year follow up. Thirty subjects completely quit for the average of 6 months, while 36 subjects continued smoking during the follow up. At the end of study, quitters average waist circumference increased 2.98 cm (0.69–5.27), weight increased 2.05 kg (−0.03 to 4.13), HDL cholesterol increased 4.17 mg/dl (1.03–7.32), triglyceride decreased 56.17 mg/dl ((−1.96 to 111.20), and MetS prevalence decreased 13% (p = 0.05). The changes in ghrelin were moderately positively associated with duration of quitting smoking (R2 = 43.99, and p < 0.01).Conclusion: Compared to the baseline, quitters HDL was up, triglyceride was down, and overall MetS prevalence was lower. The longer the duration of quitting, bigger the increase in ghrelin. There were no significant changes in serum leptin, ghrelin, serum insulin, and insulin resistance after quitting smoking.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study over 40 years to study the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Lind ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Johan Ärnlöv ◽  
Ulf Risérus ◽  
Erik Lampa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractThe impact of most, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors decline by age. We investigated how the metabolic syndrome (MetS) was related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 40 years follow-up in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, 2,123 men all aged 50 at baseline with reinvestigations at age 60, 70, 77 and 82). The strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident combined end-point of three outcomes (CVD) declined with ageing, as well as for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and heart failure when analysed separately. For CVD, the risk ratio declined from 2.77 (95% CI 1.90–4.05) at age 50 to 1.30 (95% CI 1.05–1.60) at age 82. In conclusion, the strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident CVD declined with age. Since MetS was significantly related to incident CVD also at old age, our findings suggest that the occurrence of MetS in the elderly should not be regarded as innocent. However, since our data were derived in an observational study, any impact of MetS in the elderly needs to be verified in a randomized clinical intervention trial.

scholarly journals Heritability of the risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome: a twin study

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (32) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Jermendy ◽  
Levente Littvay ◽  
Rita Steinbach ◽  
Ádám Jermendy ◽  
Ádám Tárnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the components of metabolic syndrome may vary in different populations. Aims: The present study was aimed to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 101 (63 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic) adult twin pairs (n = 202; mean age: 43.3±15.8 years) were investigated. Medical history was recorded and physical examination was carried out for each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were used for measuring laboratory parameters. The presented estimates include the heritability structural equation (A-C-E) model results. In Model-1, all presented parameters are age- and gender- corrected. In Model-2, parameters were corrected for age, gender, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Heritability in waist circumference (as well as in other anthropometric parameters such as weight and height) was high (Model-1: 71.0–88.1%). Similarly, genetic factors had the highest proportion of total phenotypic variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Model-2: 57.1% and 57.7%, respectively). Based on the results of Model-2, unique environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides values (55.9%) while shared environmental factors proved to be substantial in alterations of HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values (58.1% and 57.1%, respectively). Comparing the results of Model-1 and Model-2, the difference in A-C-E model varied from 0.0% to 17.1%, indicating that only a minor proportion of genetic and environmental influences can be explained by the effects of anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Among adult Hungarian healthy people, genetic factors have substantial influence on waist circumference and blood pressure values while environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values. The different heritability of individual risk factors challenges the original unifying concept of the metabolic syndrome. The results may be useful for establishing and implementing primary cardiovascular prevention both at individual and population levels. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1265–1271.

Has brief counselling an impact on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 40-year-old men. A three-year follow-up study

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Näslindh-Ylispangar ◽  
Marja Sihvonen ◽  
Seppo Sarna ◽  
Hannu Vanhanen ◽  
Pertti Kekki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome presents a serious challenge to health professionals. The aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of a brief counselling on cardiovascular risk factors among 40-year-old men. Forty-six males living in north-eastern Helsinki voluntarily completed the follow-up study between 2001 and 2004, and were assessed for clinical risk factors. The mean differences were determined by a paired t-test, and the interaction between groups and time by the F-test with repeated measures ANOVA. After baseline assessment and in 2002, males received a 45 minute nurse-delivered counselling session with self-administered protocol. Cardiovascular risk factors improved significantly (p<0.05) from baseline within months. However, the final measurements obtained after three years showed that almost all risk factors, except the low and high density lipoprotein, tended to revert back to baseline. The profiles were similar in all predictor groups. Brief counselling had an impact on risk factors measured in 2002, but only a partial effect on them in 2004. Conclusive results lead to the idea thatmore collaboration is needed between private health care agencies and official primary health care for ensuring the continuity of improved health habits among middle-aged males.

Abstract P202: The Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work Among firefighters in South Korea

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee eun Choi ◽  
Mun-Joo Bae ◽  
Sungha Park ◽  
Ki-Soo Park ◽  
Changsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
History Of

Background/Aim: Multiple risk factors including dysipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia which cluster together are termed the metabolic syndrome. It means managing the metabolic syndrome is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies found that CVD is the common disease and the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters. Although importance of understanding to investigate risk factors that causes CVD among firefighter has been emphasized, research about it is still behind. Thus, to understand risk factor of CVD among firefighters, this study was examined an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work among firefighters. Methods: A total of 257 men firefighters were included from Firefighter Research Enhancement of Safety & Heath (FRESH) cohort in Korea. No history of CV related disease including hypertension and diabetes were selected. Weight circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. SBP and DBP were measured three times at interval of five minutes in resting and average of the three of SBP and DBP was used in this analysis. Fasting hyperglycaemia, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were analysed from blood sample collected from the participants. Metabolic syndrome, using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, was defined. The information of shift works, smoking and alcohol consumption were self-reported from the participants and divided into three; no shift work, 24 hour shift work and 2 or 3 shifts works. To analysis the association between metabolic syndrome and shift works, logistic model was used, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol. Results: 26 (10.1%) participants out of 257 were metabolic syndrome in the participants group. The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by shift works is 8.2% in no shift work group, 7.1% in 24 hour shift work group and 15.9% in 2 or 3 shifts work group. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI for 24 hours shift work was 1.51 [0.35 6.45] and 4.77 [1.08 20.9] for 3 shifts works. Conclusions: There is an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in Korea firefighters, which implies shift work might be associated with CVD.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.

scholarly journals Impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on the metabolic syndrome components in healthy, non-athletic Muslim people aged over 15 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
‘Mo’ez Al-Islam’ E. Faris ◽  
Haitham A. Jahrami ◽  
Joud Alsibai ◽  
Asma A. Obaideen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stable Estimate ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

AbstractStudies on the impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among healthy Muslims observing Ramadan month have yielded contradictory results. This comprehensive meta-analysis aimed to obtain a more stable estimate of the effect size of fasting during Ramadan on the MetS components, examine variability among studies, assess the generalisability of reported results and perform subgroup analyses for associated factors. We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published from 1950 to March 2019. The MetS components analysed were: waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma/serum glucose (FG), TAG, and HDL-cholesterol. We identified eighty-five studies (4326 participants in total) that were conducted in twenty-three countries between 1982 and 2019. RDIF-induced effect sizes for the MetS components were: small reductions in WC (no. of studies K = 24, N 1557, Hedges’ g = −0·312, 95 % CI −0·387, −0·236), SBP (K = 22, N 1172, Hedges’ g = −0·239, 95 % CI −0·372, −0·106), FG (K = 51, N 2318, Hedges’ g = −0·101, 95 % CI −0·260, 0·004) and TAG (K = 63, N 2862, Hedges’ g = −0·088, 95 % CI −0·171, −0·004) and a small increase in HDL-cholesterol (K = 57, N 2771, Hedges’ g = 0·150, 95 % CI 0·064, 0·236). We concluded that among healthy people, RDIF shows small improvement in the five MetS components: WC, SBP, TAG, FG and HDL.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Swedish Population — Mainly a Function of Overweight?

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Hollman ◽  
Margareta Kristenson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The prevalence of obesity, one risk factor for developing the metabolic syndrome (MS), has increased during the last decades. It has therefore been assumed that the prevalence of MS would also increase. Aims: The aim was to analyse the prevalence of MS and its risk factors in a middle-aged Swedish population. Methods: Data were obtained between 2003 and 2004 from a random population based sample of 502 men and 505 women, 45–69 years old. Measures of plasma glucose, serum lipids, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and self-reported data concerning presence of disease, medication and lifestyle were obtained. Results: The prevalence of MS was 14.8% among men and 15.3% among women, with an increase by age among women only, 10% to 25% ( p = 0.029). Among individuals with MS the most frequent risk factor was large waist circumference, present in 85% of men and 99% of women, followed by high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high glucose and HDL cholesterol (38% and 47% respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was 15%, increasing with age only among women. Overweight was a dominant characteristic, and only half of the individuals with MS had glucose/HDL cholesterol levels beyond defined cut points of the syndrome.

The Oslo Health Study: Soft drink intake is associated with the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Torbjørn Høstmark
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

It has been reported that the frequency of cola intake (COLA) is positively associated with serum triglycerides and negatively associated with high-density-lioprotein (HDL) cholesterol, both components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The question now is whether noncola soft drink intake (NCOLA) is associated with MetS. Among the 18 770 participants in the Oslo Health Study, 5373 men and 6181 women had data on COLA and NCOLA and risk factors for MetS (except fasting glucose). Main MetS requirements are central obesity and 2 of the following: increased triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, increased systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose. The MetSRisk index was calculated to estimate many MetS components. Using regression analyses, the association between COLA (NCOLA) and MetS (MetSRisk) was studied. In young (aged 30 years), middle-aged (aged 40 and 45 years), and senior (aged 59 and 60 years) men and women, there was, in general, a positive correlation between COLA and MetSRisk, and between COLA and single MetS risk factors, except HDL cholesterol, which was negatively correlated. A less consistent picture was found for NCOLA. By regression analyses, after adjustment for sex, age, time since last meal, and use of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, a positive association between COLA (NCOLA) and MetSRisk (MetS) was still found. However, when also controlling for cheese, fatty fish, coffee, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, education, and birthplace, only the association with COLA remained significant, irrespective of the presence or absence of sugar. In conclusion, the self-reported intake frequency of soft drinks can be positively associated with MetS.

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