Modeling Repressive Policing: Computational Analysis of Protocols from the Israeli State Commission of Inquiry into the October 2000 Events

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Renana Keydar ◽  
Yael Litmanovitz ◽  
Badi Hasisi ◽  
Yoav Kan-Tor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Scale Reading ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Arab Minority ◽  
The Right

This article addresses the gap between normative expectations of the right to protest in liberal democracies and the continued practice of repressive protest policing. The empirical literature has identified three types of factors explaining repressive policing: macro- or societal-level factors, meso-level factors relating to the police organization, and micro-level factors pertaining to specific events. Yet these factors provide only a fragmented understanding of the phenomenon. In this article, we put forward a novel three-tiered methodology of scaled reading, which is able to examine all these explanations together. We use scaled reading to analyze the protocols of the Or Commission of Inquiry, which investigated lethal clashes between the Israeli police and Israel’s Arab minority in October 2000. Through large-scale algorithmic topic modeling, we found that all types of empirical explanations of repressive policing co-exist within the October events. The mid-scale analysis revealed that no type of explanation exclusively belongs to a specific group of actors. The small-scale reading of the most representative documents for each topic demonstrated that this coexistence of mechanisms is also present within single testimonies. Together, our findings challenge existing empirical categories and illuminate repressive policing as a nonlinear, nonbinary, noncausal, and nonunitary phenomenon. These insights help make sense of the phenomenon’s persistence in deeply divided societies.

Firms working in Israel face pressure on Palestinians

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Arab Minority ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Significance The July 19 law’s limiting of the right of national self-determination in Israel to the Jewish people has angered the Arab minority and provoked international criticism, including comparisons to South Africa’s apartheid-era legislation. Impacts Human rights risks may deter some investors, particularly for high-profile or large-scale projects such as in the oil and gas sector. Projects in towns and cities with large Arab populations such as Jerusalem, Haifa, Jaffa and Nazareth will face particular scrutiny. To ward off criticism, compliance with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights will be increasingly important.

Small-angle scattering behavior of thread-like and film-like systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvino Ciccariello ◽  
Pietro Riello ◽  
Alvise Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Linear Segment ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
The Right

Film-like and thread-like systems are, respectively, defined by the property that one of the constituting homogenous phases has a constant thickness (δ) or a constant normal cross section (of largest chord δ). The stick probability function of this phase, in the limit δ → 0, naturally leads to the definition of the correlation function (CF) of a surface or of a curve. This CF closely approximates the generating stick probability function in the range of distances larger than δ. The surface and the curve CFs, respectively, behave as 1/rand as 1/r2asrapproaches zero. This result implies that the relevant small-angle scattering intensities behave as {\cal P}_{{\cal S}}/q^2 or as {\cal P}_{{\cal C}}/q in the intermediate range of the scattering vector magnitude (q) and as {\cal P}/q^4 in the outermostqrange. Similarly to {\cal P}, pre-factors {\cal P}_{{\cal S}} and {\cal P}_{{\cal C}} simply depend on some structural parameters. Depending on the scale resolution it may happen that a given sample looks thread like at large scale, film like at small scale and particulate at a finer scale. An explicit example is reported. As a practical illustration of the above results, the surface and the curve CFs of some simple geometrical shapes have been explicitly evaluated. In particular, the CF of the right circular cylinder is evaluated. Its limits, as the height or the diameter the cylinder approaches zero, are shown to coincide with the CFs of a circle and of a linear segment, respectively.

Bridging the Nano-gap: From Scientific Discovery to Real World Products

2009 ◽  
Vol 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Sarathi Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Value Add ◽  
The Right

AbstractGoing from a small scale laboratory invention or discovery to a large scale application is not a trivial task and incorporating them into a product for a viable business is even more difficult. As technologies approach final products and applications, the number of criteria it must meet increases exponentially. Economics of the manufacturing process, environmental issues, intellectual property management, etc. needs to be assessed and monitored carefully. Bridging the gap from research to business not only needs multi-disciplinary understanding of the various aspects of the technology, but also how and what it could potentially enable or replace in current technologies and how to go about it through partnerships with global business entities. Especially with new materials, such as nano-scale materials, technology push needs to be rigorous and often the end results are uncertain. One needs to start from a large number of end user applications and narrow down to 1-2 high value-add or high volume opportunities. This process also requires constant development of the existing products to meet the exact needs for the high opportunity end markets. Timing for such efforts is crucial and the resources needed for such activities are often under-estimated by small start-up firms. Even for materials with well understood end products and established markets, significant market pull requires huge investments in product reliability demonstrations, cost of manufacturing, etc. Innovation, flexibility, change, educated risk, adaptability, focus and excellence are all key drivers and necessary ingredients for a successful and sustainable start-up venture. While scientific and engineering innovations are absolutely necessary, the metric for success for any business is revenue generation. Finding the right mechanisms for closing this gap (so-called the valley of death) is where the innovations of entrepreneurs lies. In this paper, I will share some of my personal learning experiences through the start-up company Applied Nanoworks Inc., (now Auterra Inc.).

scholarly journals Tierra, trabajo y reforma agraria en la Segunda República española (1931-1936): algunas consideraciones críticas

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Robledo ◽  
Ángel Luis González Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Worker ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Right

The brief existence of the Second Republic and its violent end tend to favor the usual negative view of land reform. This article analyzes the perceptions of inefficiency and contradictory effects of the twentieth-century agr icultural reform, in contrast with the thesis of an active and extremely efficient market following the liberal refor ms of the nineteenth century. The second part of the paper focuses on recent historiographical research that considers the main cause of pre-Civil War social unrest to have been the labor polic y launched by the Socialists in 1931, which was also seen as a decisive factor in the swing towards the right of mid- and small-scale farmers. This article defends the viability of an agricultural reform that proved beneficial for the average farm worker. The initial costs of adaptation to the reform are explained, along with the hostility of Spain’s large-scale farmers to collective bargaining, an approach which had been institutionalized elsewhere through social policies.

Flow behavior downstream of two side-by-side circular cylinders in shallow water

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-981
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atakan Akar ◽  
Burcu Oguz ◽  
Huseyin Akilli ◽  
Besir Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piv Method ◽  
Gap Ratio ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bistable Flow

Investigations of bistable flow structure past a pair of cylinders positioned side-by-side in shallow water is conducted experimentally applying dye observation and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. For the gap ratio of G/D = 1.25, the jet-like flow between cylinders deflects asymmetrical flow structures forming a large-scale wake as well as a small-scale wake downstream of cylinders. The small vortices around the right cylinder get closer to each other forming a larger vortex in the large-scale wake region, which leads the jet-like flow to changeover side to side. The small frequency (f = 0.352 Hz) associated with frequency of vortex shedding of cylinder with wider wake and the higher frequency (f = 0.793 Hz) which depicts the smaller wakes frequency.

scholarly journals Sea-ice deformation in a coupled ocean–sea-ice model and in satellite remote sensing data

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1553-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Spreen ◽  
Ron Kwok ◽  
Dimitris Menemenlis ◽  
An T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Realistic Representation ◽  
The Right

Abstract. A realistic representation of sea-ice deformation in models is important for accurate simulation of the sea-ice mass balance. Simulated sea-ice deformation from numerical simulations with 4.5, 9, and 18 km horizontal grid spacing and a viscous–plastic (VP) sea-ice rheology are compared with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite observations (RGPS, RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System) for the time period 1996–2008. All three simulations can reproduce the large-scale ice deformation patterns, but small-scale sea-ice deformations and linear kinematic features (LKFs) are not adequately reproduced. The mean sea-ice total deformation rate is about 40 % lower in all model solutions than in the satellite observations, especially in the seasonal sea-ice zone. A decrease in model grid spacing, however, produces a higher density and more localized ice deformation features. The 4.5 km simulation produces some linear kinematic features, but not with the right frequency. The dependence on length scale and probability density functions (PDFs) of absolute divergence and shear for all three model solutions show a power-law scaling behavior similar to RGPS observations, contrary to what was found in some previous studies. Overall, the 4.5 km simulation produces the most realistic divergence, vorticity, and shear when compared with RGPS data. This study provides an evaluation of high and coarse-resolution viscous–plastic sea-ice simulations based on spatial distribution, time series, and power-law scaling metrics.

scholarly journals DEGRADATION OF AFLATOXIN IN MAIZE USING FERULIC ACID (PHYDROXY-3-METHYL CINNAMIC ACID) CATALYZED BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jacob Nicholas Jacob ◽  
Nicholas Jacob Nicholas Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Purpose: Agricultural management practices are key for higher production and are influenced by training as well as financial resources which enable farmers to adopt better practices as well as new farming methods. The general objective of the study was to the study was to establish influence of socio economic factors on staple food production.. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that most of the farmers were marginalized on gender, age and education and still suffers inequalities in the development ladder. Gender inequality is still in existence and plays a major role in placing the women in informal sectors, in limited wages employment activities it is an outstanding factor that plays a major role in food insecurity at house hold level. Land is a major resource for food production and majority of the small scale farmers’ occupied land that was self-owned which was less than 1 acre and was not adequate for food production for sustainable food security Recommendations: The study recommends that that the extension services should be improved through retraining of existing extension workers , increasing the number of the extension service providers at farm levels .The government should also increase the facilitation of extension service so as to enable service delivery through training, demonstration , farm visit as well as group trainings amongst other training avenues so as to ensure the farmers are equipped with the right knowledge and technology for staple food production

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

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