Dietary magnesium deficiency alters gut microbiota and leads to depressive-like behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Winther ◽  
Betina M Pyndt Jørgensen ◽  
Betina Elfving ◽  
Denis Sandris Nielsen ◽  
Pernille Kihl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Magnesium

ObjectiveGut microbiota (GM) has previously been associated with alterations in rodent behaviour, and since the GM is affected by the diet, the composition of the diet may be an important factor contributing to behavioural changes. Interestingly, a magnesium restricted diet has been shown to induce anxiety and depressive-like behaviour in humans and rodents, and it could be suggested that magnesium deficiency may mediate the effects through an altered GM.MethodsThe present study therefore fed C57BL/6 mice with a standard diet or a magnesium deficient diet (MgD) for 6 weeks, followed by behavioural testing in the forced swim test (FST) to evaluate depressive-like behaviour. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed 2 day after the FST to assess metabolic alterations. Neuroinflammatory markers were analysed from hippocampus. GM composition was analysed and correlated to the behaviour and hippocampal markers.ResultsIt was found that mice exposed to MgD for 6 weeks were more immobile than control mice in the FST, suggesting an increased depressive-like behaviour. No significant difference was detected in the GTT. GM composition correlated positively with the behaviour of undisturbed C57BL/6 mice, feeding MgD diet altered the microbial composition. The altered GM correlated positively to the hippocampal interleukin-6.ConclusionIn conclusion, we hypothesise that imbalances of the microbiota–gut–brain axis induced by consuming a MgD diet, contributes to the development of depressive-like behaviour.

Dietary magnesium deficiency affects gut microbiota and anxiety-like behaviour in C57BL/6N mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Pyndt Jørgensen ◽  
Gudrun Winther ◽  
Pernille Kihl ◽  
Dennis S. Nielsen ◽  
Gregers Wegener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ObjectiveMagnesium deficiency has been associated with anxiety in humans, and rodent studies have demonstrated the gut microbiota to impact behaviour.MethodsWe investigated the impact of 6 weeks of dietary magnesium deficiency on gut microbiota composition and anxiety-like behaviour and whether there was a link between the two. A total of 20 C57BL/6 mice, fed either a standard diet or a magnesium-deficient diet for 6 weeks, were tested using the light-dark box anxiety test. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis.ResultsWe demonstrated that the gut microbiota composition correlated significantly with the behaviour of dietary unchallenged mice. A magnesium-deficient diet altered the gut microbiota, and was associated with altered anxiety-like behaviour, measured by decreased latency to enter the light box.ConclusionMagnesium deficiency altered behavior. The duration of magnesium deficiency is suggested to influence behaviour in the evaluated test.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals Deciphering Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Corresponding Genetic and Metabolic Dysregulation in Psoriasis Patients Using Metagenomics Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Xiao ◽  
Guangzhong Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Jiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that alterations in the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The existing relevant studies focus on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, but in-depth research on gene functions and comprehensive identification of microbiota is lacking.ObjectivesTo comprehensively identify characteristic gut microbial compositions, genetic functions and relative metabolites of patients with psoriasis and to reveal the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsDNA was extracted from the faecal microbiota of 30 psoriatic patients and 15 healthy subjects, and metagenomics sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, cluster of orthologous groups (COG) annotations, and metabolic analyses were used to indicate relative target genes and pathways to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ResultsCompared with healthy individuals, the gut microbiota of psoriasis patients displayed an alteration in microbial taxa distribution, but no significant difference in microbial diversity. A distinct gut microbial composition in patients with psoriasis was observed, with an increased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and genera Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas and Roseburia and a decreased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria and genera Prevotella, Alistipes, and Eubacterium. A total of 134 COGs were predicted with functional analysis, and 15 KEGG pathways, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, WNT signaling, apoptosis, bacterial secretion system, and phosphotransferase system, were significantly enriched in psoriasis patients. Five metabolites, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), isovalerate, isobutyrate, hyaluronan and hemicellulose, were significantly dysregulated in the psoriatic cohort. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota, enriched pathways and dysregulated metabolites are relevant to immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, gut-brain axis and brain-skin axis that play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ConclusionsA clear dysbiosis was displayed in the gut microbiota profile, genetic functions and relative metabolites of psoriasis patients. This study is beneficial for further understanding the inflammatory pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used to develop microbiome-based predictions and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte membrane plaques from rats with magnesium deficiency

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Elin ◽  
HK Tan
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fracture Electron

Abstract This study investigated the anemia of dietary magnesium deficiency in inbred Fisher white rats using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The plasma membranes of erythrocytes from animals receiving two different magnesium-deficient and control diets were observed at weekly or biweekly intervals for 6 wk. The earliest changes were small plaques on the external surface (ES) and fracture face (PF) of erythrocyte plasma membranes, which occurred after 2 wk of either magnesium-deficient diet. These plaques persisted and increased in size with progressive magnesium deficiency. When fully developed, the plaques consisted of round or oval elevations approximately 30–50 nm in diameter outlined by a narrow raised border. The surface of the plaques was smooth and devoid of intramembranous particles. Incubation of erythrocytes from magnesium-deficient rats in a physiologic solution containing 2 meq/liter magnesium for 1 hr at 37degrees C did not alter the appearance of the plaques. Erythrocytes from control rats, obtained during the same time periods, showed no plaques. Thus, a deficiency of magnesium in rats altered erythrocyte membrane structure.

scholarly journals Lean rats gained more body weight than obese ones from a high-fibre diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoting Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yingyi Gu ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Shiyi Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Diet Control

AbstractThere is controversy over previous findings that a high ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes helps obese animals harvest energy from the diet. To further investigate the relationship between microbial composition and energy harvest, microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered. In this study, lean and obese rats were successfully induced with low-fat and high-fat diets. An 8-week high soyabean fibre (HSF)-containing diet was then fed to investigate the interaction between the diet and the rats’ gut microbiota, as well as their influence on rats’ growth. Rats’ body weight (BW) was recorded weekly; their plasma lipids and their gut microbiota at week 11, 15 and 19 were analysed. After the consumption of the HSF diet, BW of lean rats increased significantly (P<0·05), but no significant alteration in BW was found in obese rats. The average content of plasma cholesterol was lowered and that of TAG was upgraded in both the groups when fed the HSF diet. There was no significant difference observed at each period between lean and obese rats. In the group of lean rats, the diversity of gut microbiota was elevated strongly (P<0·01), and bacteria from phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were both increased largely (P<0·01); however, the bacterial diversity and composition in obese rats were less altered after the HSF diet control. In conclusion, the increased Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes might relate to lean rats’ higher BW gain; ‘obese microbiota’ could not help the hosts harvest more energy from the HSF diet.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Ofloxacin and Magnesium Deficiency on Joint Cartilage in Immature Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Lozo ◽  
Kai Riecke ◽  
Rudolf Schwabe ◽  
Jürgen Vormann ◽  
Ralf Stahlmann
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
And Cartilage

ABSTRACT Single high oral doses of fluoroquinolones (e.g., 1,200 mg of ofloxacin/kg of body weight) are chondrotoxic in juvenile rats. Characteristic cartilage lesions are detectable as early as 12 h after treatment. Since this dosing regimen does not reflect the therapeutic situation, we studied the effects of a 5- or 7-day treatment with ofloxacin at lower oral doses (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg twice a day [b.i.d.]) on joint cartilage in 4-week-old rats. We additionally investigated whether the effects of ofloxacin under these conditions are enhanced in animals kept on a magnesium-deficient diet during treatment. Knee joints were examined histologically. The concentrations of ofloxacin and magnesium were determined in plasma and cartilage. The lowest ofloxacin dose at which cartilage lesions occurred in animals on a standard diet was 100 mg/kg b.i.d. for 5 days. Peak plasma ofloxacin levels were approximately 10 mg/liter in these rats and thus were in the same range as the levels in the plasma of humans during therapy with high doses of ofloxacin. Treatment with 30 mg of ofloxacin/kg b.i.d. for 7 days caused no cartilage lesions in rats on a standard diet, but lesions did occur in 10 of 12 rats that were simultaneously fed a magnesium-deficient diet. Magnesium concentrations in bone, plasma, and cartilage from animals on an Mg2+-deficient diet were significantly lower than those in the controls. The concentration in plasma from animals on an Mg2+-deficient diet was 0.27 ± 0.03 mmol/liter, whereas it was 0.88 ± 0.08 mmol/liter in plasma from rats on a standard diet (means ± standard deviations). Ofloxacin treatment did not change the total magnesium concentrations in tissues, as determined with ashed samples. The incidence of ofloxacin-induced lesions was higher in the magnesium-deficient animals, suggesting a synergistic effect. These results must be taken into account for a benefit-risk evaluation if ofloxacin is considered for use in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte membrane plaques from rats with magnesium deficiency

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664
Author(s):  
RJ Elin ◽  
HK Tan
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fracture Electron

This study investigated the anemia of dietary magnesium deficiency in inbred Fisher white rats using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The plasma membranes of erythrocytes from animals receiving two different magnesium-deficient and control diets were observed at weekly or biweekly intervals for 6 wk. The earliest changes were small plaques on the external surface (ES) and fracture face (PF) of erythrocyte plasma membranes, which occurred after 2 wk of either magnesium-deficient diet. These plaques persisted and increased in size with progressive magnesium deficiency. When fully developed, the plaques consisted of round or oval elevations approximately 30–50 nm in diameter outlined by a narrow raised border. The surface of the plaques was smooth and devoid of intramembranous particles. Incubation of erythrocytes from magnesium-deficient rats in a physiologic solution containing 2 meq/liter magnesium for 1 hr at 37degrees C did not alter the appearance of the plaques. Erythrocytes from control rats, obtained during the same time periods, showed no plaques. Thus, a deficiency of magnesium in rats altered erythrocyte membrane structure.

scholarly journals Dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid alters fatty acid metabolism and microbiota composition in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Marques ◽  
Rebecca Wall ◽  
Orla O'Sullivan ◽  
Gerald F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Fergus Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Pyrosequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) on intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production. C57BL/6 mice (n 8 per group) were fed a standard diet either supplemented with t10c12-CLA (0·5 %, w/w) (intervention) or with no supplementation (control), daily for 8 weeks. Metabolic markers (serum glucose, leptin, insulin and TAG, and liver TAG) were assessed by ELISA commercial kits, tissue long-chain fatty acids and caecal SCFA by GC, and microbial composition by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Dietary t10c12-CLA significantly decreased visceral fat mass (P< 0·001), but did not affect body weight (intervention), when compared with no supplementation (control). Additionally, lipid mass and composition were affected by t10c12-CLA intake. Caecal acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations were higher (P< 0·05) in the t10c12-CLA-supplemented group than in the control group. The analysis of the microbiota composition following 8 weeks of t10c12-CLA supplementation revealed lower proportions of Firmicutes (P= 0·003) and higher proportions of Bacteroidetes (P= 0·027) compared with no supplementation. Furthermore, t10c12-CLA supplementation for 8 weeks significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, harbouring higher proportions of Bacteroidetes, including Porphyromonadaceae bacteria previously linked with negative effects on lipid metabolism and induction of hepatic steatosis. These results indicate that the mechanism of dietary t10c12-CLA on lipid metabolism in mice may be, at least, partially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality.

scholarly journals Oral Administration of Okara Soybean By-Product Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Accelerated Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Corpuz ◽  
Misa Arimura ◽  
Supatta Chawalitpong ◽  
Keiko Miyazaki ◽  
Makoto Sawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acetylcholine Level ◽  
Samp8 Mice

The microbiota–gut–brain axis has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. Here, we investigated whether okara, a soybean by-product rich in dietary fiber, can attenuate cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice by altering gut microbial composition. Mice were fed either a standard diet, or a diet containing okara (7.5% or 15%, w/w) for 26 weeks. In the memory test, the 7.5% okara-fed mice showed a longer step-through latency and the 15% okara-fed mice had a short escape latency compared with control mice. The 15% okara-fed mice displayed decreased body weight, increased fecal weight, and altered cecal microbiota composition compared with the control group; however, there was no significant difference in the serum lactic acid and butyric acid levels among these mice groups. The 7.5% okara-fed mice had significantly higher NeuN intensity in the hippocampus compared with control mice. Furthermore, a decrease in inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was observed in the 7.5% okara-fed group. The expression of synthesizing enzyme of acetylcholine was increased by the okara diets, and the acetylcholine level in the brain was higher in the 7.5% okara-fed group than in the control. These suggest that oral administration of okara could delay cognitive decline without drastically changing gut microbiota.

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