When elites polarize over polarization: Framing the polarization debate in Turkey – RETRACTED

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Senem Aydın-Düzgit ◽  
Evren Balta
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
State Of Polarization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThis article aims to explore the views of the Turkish elite on the state of polarization in Turkey. By identifying four political frames—namely, harmony, continuity/decline, conspiracy, and conflict—that selected Turkish political and civil society elites use in discussing the phenomenon of polarization in the country through their contributions to a workshop and in-depth qualitative interviews, the article finds that there is a considerable degree of polarization among the Turkish elite regarding their views on the presence of polarization in Turkey. Moreover, this overlaps with the divide between the government and the opposition in the country. An analysis of the justificatory arguments employed in constituting the aforementioned frames shows that, while those elites who deny the existence of polarization seek its absence in essentialist characteristics of society, in reductionist comparisons with history, or in internal/external enemies, those who acknowledge polarization’s presence look for its roots in political and institutional factors and processes. The article highlights how, given the denial of polarization by the pro-government elite and the substantial gap between the two camps’ justificatory narratives, the currently reported high rates of polarization in Turkey can, at best, be expected to remain as is in the near future, barring a radical change in political constellations.

When elites polarize over polarization: Framing the polarization debate in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 153-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Aydın-Düzgit ◽  
Evren Balta
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
State Of Polarization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThis article aims to explore the views of the Turkish elite on the state of polarization in Turkey. By identifying four political frames—namely, harmony, continuity/decline, conspiracy, and conflict—that selected Turkish political and civil society elites use in discussing the phenomenon of polarization in the country through their contributions to a workshop and in-depth qualitative interviews, the article finds that there is a considerable degree of polarization among the Turkish elite regarding their views on the presence of polarization in Turkey. Moreover, this overlaps with the divide between the government and the opposition in the country. An analysis of the justificatory arguments employed in constituting the aforementioned frames shows that, while those elites who deny the existence of polarization seek its absence in essentialist characteristics of society, in reductionist comparisons with history, or in internal/external enemies, those who acknowledge polarization’s presence look for its roots in political and institutional factors and processes. The article highlights how, given the denial of polarization by the pro-government elite and the substantial gap between the two camps’ justificatory narratives, the currently reported high rates of polarization in Turkey can, at best, be expected to remain as is in the near future, barring a radical change in political constellations.

Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history (1918-1940)

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Liubov Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
National University ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

The author investigates and analyzes the state Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history. During that period in the field of education was held a radical change in the direction of intensive Romanization. In period of rigid occupation regime in the province, the government of Romania laid its hopes on the University. The Chernivtsi National University had become a hotbed of Romanization ideas, to ongoing training for church and state apparatus, to educate students in the spirit of devotion Romania. Keywords: Chernivtsi National University, Romania, Romanization, higher education, Bukovina

The Circulation of Value in Civil Society and the State

Hegel's Value ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 222-275
Author(s):  
Dean Moyar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The State ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
System P ◽  
Full Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

This chapter utilizes the structure of life and valid inference to analyze the internal structure of Civil Society and the State as well as the relationship between the two institutional spheres. The chapter unpacks the passage from the Logic in which Hegel describes the State as a totality of inferences with the three terms of individuals, their needs, and the government. It is shown that the “system of needs” itself forms a quasi-living institutional system of estates centered on the division of labor. This system’s inadequacy motivates the role of the “police” and corporation as ethical agencies, forms of the Good, within Civil Society. While the move to the State overcomes the individualism of “needs,” the right of the individual remains in the dynamics of “settling one’s own account” in receiving from the State a return on one’s duty to the State. Hegel treats the State proper as a constitution consisting of three powers of government that form a totality of inferential relations that has the full structure of a living organism. The executive power is examined in detail as the particularizing element in the system.

La société civile au Liban: ses forces et ses faiblesses

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Fadia Kiwan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Change ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Government ◽  
Société Civile

This paper investigates the multiple faces of Lebanese civil society, particularly focusing on the evolutions of the recent years. It reconstructs the state of the art in this field in order to see if Lebanese civil society could represent an alternative to ‘communitarian society’ and to the government of the traditional elites. The analysis starts from some relevant questions: which are, today, the most active components of Lebanese civil society and to which extent are they able to trigger change? To what extent the participation of the associations in Lebanon could be considered a mean of democratizationor, at least, a mean of political change? Was it possible for the civil society’s Organisations crossing the border lines of communitarianism, to develop a critical mass for change?The domestic and regional evolutions show a very complicated panorama where it seems very difficult to get out of confessionalism.

Bounded by the State: Government Priorities and the Development of Private Philanthropic Foundations in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Lai ◽  
Jiangang Zhu ◽  
Lin Tao ◽  
Anthony J. Spires
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
State Government ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Private Foundation ◽  
Private Foundations ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

AbstractFrom a regulatory perspective, philanthropy in China has been officially modernized. Since the government established a legal framework in 2004 based on models from overseas, the number of private foundations in China has grown more than six-fold. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 214 private foundations conducted in 2012, we present a landscape view of these new philanthropic institutions, discussing both who begins foundations and how their monies are used. We find that despite the rise of new private wealth in China and the adoption of the private foundation form, government priorities are structuring the field of Chinese philanthropy in key and consequential ways. We conclude with some considerations of the implications of these findings for the development of broader civil society.

scholarly journals IS THERE CIVIL SOCIETY IN BANGLADESH?

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
M. S. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Local Levels

Сivil society is a group of people excluded from the government and the army and providing a counterbalance and control of the state at the national and local levels in the country. In Bangladesh, since independence in 1971, civil society organizations have been successfully involved in social development, but they have been criticized not to be able promote democracy in Bangladesh because of their support for political parties. Therefore, it impedes strong opposition to corruption and non-democratic activities in the country. In this article, using the historical method, the author analyzes the features and role of civil society in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A CONDITION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF STATE AND LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1805
Author(s):  
Dimitar Spaseski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
The Government

The state has a central place in the political system. Through its structure and positioning the country has the strength to be a unifier of society against its overall division of the various classes and layers, ethnic, cultural and other groups. The legitimacy of all these processes is given by laws that determine the trajectory of all processes and the conditions under which the processes take place. The state, by adopting the highest legal acts such as: the constitution and the laws, achieves one of its most important functions, which is the management of society. The state directs society to promote development, but also punishes and sanction infringements and mistakes. Depending on who exercises power in the state, i.e. whether it belongs to the people, to an individual or to a powerful group, the political system can be determined. The political system in itself includes the overall state relations, the relations in society and the guidelines for the conduct of the policy of the state. A state in which the government is elected by the people through direct elections certainly fulfills the basic requirement for the development of a stable civil society. The political system is one of the sub-systems of the entire civil society. The political system is specific in that all the activities and relations of which it is composed are directed to the state and its functions. The structure of the political system is composed of political and legal norms, political knowledge, political culture and political structure. These elements confirm the strong relationship between the state, the law and the political system. Developed democratic societies can talk about a developed political system that abounds with political culture and democracy. It is the aspiration of our life. Investing in democratic societies we invest in the future of our children. If we separate the subjects of the political system, we will determine that the people are the basis of the political system. All competencies intertwine around people. Political systems are largely dependent not only on the political processes that take place in them every day, but also on the economic performance and the economic power of the states. Economic stagnation or regression in some countries often threatens democracy and its values. We often forget that we cannot speak of the existence of a functioning and well-organized democratic political system without its strong economic support. In conditions of globalization, it is necessary to pay special attention to international positions as the main factor of the political system, for the simple reason that the functions of the state in this process are increasingly narrowing.

scholarly journals Orçamento Democrático Estadual: uma estratégia para gestão pública

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo Leite Amorim ◽  
Vânia De Vasconcelos Gico
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Participative Democracy ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
The Government

ResumoDiscute-se como vem sendo elaborada uma nova estratégia de planejamento no Estado da Paraíba, envolvendo a participação da sociedade civil. Aponta-se como objetivo: verificar qual a estratégia de gestão que se desenvolve na Paraíba e quais os princípios que norteiam o Orçamento Democrático Estadual? Desenvolve-se como aporte teórico as teorias sobre a democracia defendida por Avritzer, sobre participação, descentralização e sociedade civil em Dagnino e Jacobi, bem como as teorias da administração de Trigueiro, Costin, e Kanaane. O estudo realizado permitiu compreender que o Planejamento Estratégico elaborado pelo Governo do Estado da Paraíba, modifica a visão tradicional da administração pública, ao incentivar e criar um instrumento de participação da sociedade na discussão das leis orçamentárias. Por fim, através do caso referenciado, vislumbra-se como a democracia participativa enquanto instituição política pode interferir na vida do Estado, mudando sua organização e seu modo de agir em relação aos cidadãos e cidadãs. Palavras-chave:Orçamento Democrático Estadual–PB. Democracia Participativa- PB. Planejamento Estratégico Estadual- PB. **********************************************************************Budget of the democratic state:a strategy for public management AbstractAn analysis is presented of how a new planning strategy has been developed in the state of Paraiba, with the participation of civil society. The objective is to verify what has been the management strategy developed in Paraiba and the principles that rule democratic provincial budget. As a theoretical contribution, Avritzer’s theory of democracy, Dagnino’s and Jacobi’s theory of participation, decentralization and civil society, and Tariq’s, Costin’s and Kanaane’s theory of administration are developed.The study allowed us to understand that the strategic plan prepared by the Government of State of Pariba changes the traditional point of view of public administration, to foment and create a participation tool society in the discussion of budget law. Lastly, through the reference case, it is apparent how participative democracy as political institution can interfere in the life of the State, changing its organization and mode of action in relation with the citizens.   Key words:Provincial democratic budget, Participative democracy, Provincial strategic planning. **********************************************************************  Presupuesto del estado democrático:una estrategia para la gestión pública ResumenSe analiza cómo se ha desarrollado una nueva estrategia de planificación en el estado de Paraiba, con la participación de la sociedad civil. Se señala como objetivo verificar cual ha sido la estrategia de gestión que se ha desarrollado en Paraíba y los principios que rigen el presupuesto democratico provincial. Se desarrolla como aporte teórico las teorías  de Avritzer sobre la democracia,  de Dagnino y Jacobi sobre la participación, descentralización y sociedad civil y de Tariq, Costin y Kanaane, sobre la administración.El estudio permitió entender que el plan estratégico elaborado por el Gobierno del Estado de Paraiba, cambia el punto de vista tradicional de la administración pública, para fomentar y crear una sociedad con la herramienta de la participación en la discusión de la ley de presupuestos. Por último, a través del caso de referencia, se ve como la democracia participativa como institución política puede interferir en la vida del Estado, cambiando su organización y modo de acción en relación con los ciudadanos. Palabras clave: Presupuesto Democrático Provincial- PB. Democracia Participativa- PB. Planificación Estratégica Provincial- PB. 

scholarly journals Problems of Legal Regulation of Changes in the Types of Land Plot Permitted Use in the Conditions of Abolition of Land Division into Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Galina L. Zemlyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Land Plot ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

The article deals with the problems of the Institute of urban planning zoning, including those arising from changes in the types of permitted use of land plots in terms of the possible introduction of territorial zoning instead of dividing land into categories. Despite the fact that the bill on the abolition of land categories was never adopted by the State Duma, nevertheless, the President of the Russian Federation has repeatedly pointed out the need for such a law in his instructions to the Government of the Russian Federation. Due to the fact that according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the current version, the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation are a direct instruction to the Government of the Russian Federation, the author believes that in the near future the issue of the abolition of land categories will become relevant again. However, in order for such a law to be adopted and not cause a serious blow to the system of land turnover, the existing institution of urban zoning must be perfectly verified.

COVID-19 response may disrupt power balances in Iran

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
The Government

Significance The Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC), together with its Basij militia, has partly restored its reputation for effective action. At the same time, new local civil society groups have mobilised. Impacts The state will likely increase its role in the ailing economy, creating cooperatives and centralised trading mechanisms. The Expediency Council would become a key actor if the government were challenged by conservative forces. The lack of effective cooperation from European partners will shift Iran’s foreign policy further towards China and Russia.

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