Body size and conformation in sheep from birth to maturity as affected by breed, crossbreeding, maternal and other factors

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wiener ◽  
Susan Hayter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Residual Correlations ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Linear Body ◽  
Birth Type

SUMMARYBody weight was studied from birth to 5½ years of age and six linear measures of body size from birth to 4¼ years for sheep of five breeds, Scottish Blackface, Cheviot, Welsh Mountain, Lincoln Longwool and Southdown, and of crosses of these breeds with each other and with the Tasmanian Merino, but not in all possible combinations. The sheep were run as a single flock. Numbers ranged from 753 at birth to 150 at the end of the experimental period.There were marked differences among the breeds and crosses in all aspects of body size and some differences in rate of maturity. They also differed in conformation independently of body weight. Crosses of the hill breeds with the Lincoln and probably with the Southdown were heavier than the average of the parental breeds and larger in some linear body measurements from about weaning onwards. The weights of crosses of Blackface and Cheviot with Lincoln eventually exceeded those of the heavier parent of the cross. For the crosses among the three hill breeds only the Blackface Cheviot cross showed significant deviations from mid-parent values for weight and size.Maternal effects were important for all traits studied from birth to weaning and for weight up to a year old. In relation to mature size, Welsh dams produced the biggest and Lincoln the smallest lambs. The data did not permit Southdown maternal effects to be estimated. The effects of birth type and rearing were apparent for late maturing body parts up to a year old and for weight up to 3 years. Males, measured only from birth to weaning, were heavier and generally larger than females.Residual correlations between the various measures of size varied from 0·1 to 0·7.

The effects of components of body weight on reproductive efficiency in the Merino ewe

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Guerra ◽  
C. J. Thwaites ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency

SUMMARYGroups of mature Merino ewes selected on the basis of either large or small bodysize were differentially fed during a pre-experimental period to produce subgroups of high and low body condition. These levels of body condition were maintained for 2 weeks before mating and for the first 5 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, the four subgroups grazed together until lambing.Big ewes had more multiple ovulations than small ewes (14/41 υ 6/53; P < 0·01), and there was a significant linear regression of ovulation rate on body size. Body condition was positively related to the incidence of multiple ovulations, but the regression of ovulation rate on body condition at mating failed to reach significance. Body weight was significantly related to both ovulation rate and the incidence of multiple ovulations, and proved to be a more effective predictor of ovulation rate than either body size or condition.These results make it clear that size and condition, the two components of body weight, each have a considerable independent influence on some aspects of reproduction, and that the precision of some experiments and the effectiveness of some production routines could be improved by considering them separately.

Body size and conformation in identical twin cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
W. C. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Linear Body

SUMMARYThe variation and covariation of 12 linear body measurements within 60 pairs of monozygotic twin heifers is analysed in terms of a twin's mean size over a two-year period.Possibly all the covariation, and two thirds, on average, of the variation can be accounted for by a single factor common to all the measurements.Interpretation of this factor shows that a twin is a more or less proportional replicate of its identical co-twin. This proportionality, however, is somewhat distorted because of relatively greater differences in the later maturing body parts.Finally it is shown that the predominant differences in both size and shape can simultaneously be described as twin lagging behind identical co-twin by 0±11·8 days' growth.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype and sex on growth traits, feed utilization and survivability in Nigerian local and Nicholas white exotic turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
K. L. Ayorinde ◽  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
I. A. Ahutu ◽  
A. R. Obadare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Body

Two hundred (200) Nigerian local and Nicholas white (NW) exotic poults (hundred for each breed) were observed from day old to fifteen week for growth traits {Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurements; Body Length (BL), Body Girth (BG), Shank Length (SL) Shank Diameter (SD), Thigh Length (TL), Wing length (WL)], survivability and feed utilization potential (feed intake and feed conversion ratio). There was a significant (p<0.05) genotype effect on BW throughout the experimental period, BW ranged from 120.41±3.12 to 2764.00±32.10g and 142.29±2.94 to 4601.00±41.45g in Nigerian local and NW exotic turkey respectively. Sex effect and interaction between genotypes and sex (GxS) on bodyweight were significant (p<0.05) between weeks 7 to 15. Genotypes, sex and GxS effects were also significant (p<0.05) on linear body parameters measured at different ages. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio for the two genotypes were significantly (p<0.05) different. The NW exotic consumed more feed than the local turkey (14.29 to 250.31g vs. 13.27 to 200.47g) from week 1 to 15. The Nigerian local poults significantly (p<0.04) had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) from week 1 to 7 (0.17 to 0.21) than the NW exotic (0.20 to 0.23). However, as the poults grow older (from week 8 to 15), the NW exotic had better FCR (0.24 to 0.31) compared to the Nigerian local (0.27 to 0.38). Mortality rate was higher in the NW exotic (25%) than the Nigerian local turkey during the study period. This research showed significant genotype, sex and GxS interaction effects on growth traits of turkey. It showed that the NW exotic poults consumed more feed and gained more weight than the Nigerian local from week 1 to 15, had better feed conversion ratio and poorer survivability at older ages (weeks 8 to 15). The Nigerian local consumed smaller quantity of feed and had better FCR at poults stage (weeks 1 to 7). The Nigerian local turkey had better survivability rate throughout the experimental period and can be selected for an improved body weight and better feed utilization at early stage of life.

scholarly journals Prediction of grasscutters (Thryonomis swinderianus) body weight from linear body measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
A. J. Henry ◽  
S. N. Ibe ◽  
B. O. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Body

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between linear body measurements (LBMs) and body weights of grasscutters at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. Simple linear correlation procedure was used to establish the strength of linear relationships and associations between the different linear body measurements with body weight. These parameters were also subjected to step-wise regression analysis. The goodness of fit (R2) was tested to determine the contribution of each independent variable measured to the prediction of the dependent variable, the body weight of grasscutters at different ages of 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) juvenile grasscutters obtained from 24 parents comprising of 18 does and 6 bucks were used for the study. Experimental animals were raised under a mixed feeding regime throughout the experimental period of 20 weeks. The linear body measurements assessed are head length (HL), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), ear length (EL) and tail length (TL). Correlation coefficients (r) between body measurements and weights were generally positive and significant (p < 0.01) at 2 weeks, demonstrating strong relationships between variables. At 4 weeks, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.013 to 0.829 whereas at 6 weeks values ranged from -0.230 to 0.859. Coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 0.926 to 0.997, 0.965 to 0.989 and 0.930 to 0.991 at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively The positive correlation coefficients observed for body length and heart girth shows that these parameters can be improved upon for grasscutters raised under intensive management. Results from this study further revealed that body weight of grasscutters can be estimated under field condition using the ear,head, body lengths and heart girth in the absence of a weighing balance.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype and sex on growth traits, feed utilization and survivability in Nigerian local and Nicholas white exotic turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
F. E Sola-Ojo ◽  
K. L Ayorinde ◽  
T. R Fayeye ◽  
I. A Ahutu ◽  
A. R. Obadare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Body

Two hundred (200) Nigerian local and Nicholas white (NW) exotic poults (hundred for each breed) were observed from day old to fifteen week for growth traits [Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurements; Body Length (BL), Body Girth (BG), Shank Length (SL) Shank Diameter (SD), Thigh Length (TL), Wing length (WL)], survivability and feed utilization potential (feed intake and feed conversion ratio). There was a significant (p<0.05) genotype effect on BW throughout the experimental period, BW ranged from 120.41± 3.12 to 2764.00±32.10g and 142.29±2.94 to 4601.00±41.45g in Nigerian local and NW exotic turkey respectively. Sex effect and interaction between genotypes and sex (GxS) on bodyweight were significant (p<0.05) between weeks 7 to 15. Genotypes, sex and GxS effects were also significant (p<0.05) on linear body parameters measured at different ages. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio for the two genotypes were significantly (p<0.05) different. The NW exotic consumed more feed than the local turkey (14.29 to 250.31g vs. 13.27 to 200.47g) from week 1 to 15. The Nigerian local poults significantly (p<0.04) had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) from week 1 to 7 (0.17 to 0.21) than the NW exotic (0.20 to 0.23). However, as the poults grow older (from week 8 to 15), the NW exotic had better FCR (0.24 to 0.31) compared to the Nigerian local (0.27 to 0.38).Mortality rate was higher in the NW exotic (25%) than the Nigerian local turkey during the study period. This research showed significant genotype, sex and GxS interaction effects on growth traits of turkey. It showed that the NW exotic poults consumed more feed and gained more weight than the Nigerian local from week 1 to 15, had better feed conversion ratio and poorer survivability at older ages (weeks 8 to 15). The Nigerian local consumed smaller quantity of feed and had better FCR at poults stage (weeks 1 to 7). The Nigerian local turkey had better survivability rate throughout the experimental period and can be selected for an improved body weight and better feed utilization at early stage of life.

scholarly journals Measurement of several qualitative traits and body size of Lombok Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moshcata) in semi-intensive rearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
M.H. Tamzil ◽  
L. Lestari ◽  
B. Indarsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

The study was conducted to identify phenotypic characteristics of Lombok Muscovy ducks. A total of 100 adult male and 100 adult female Muscovy ducks. The research location was determined by purposive random sampling, while the determination of farmers and Muscovy ducks was done incidentally. Observations were made on each Muscovy duck by observing the color, body weight and size of body parts. The body size data were tabulated, averaged, and then analyzed descriptively; meanwhile, the plumage color data were calculated in frequency. To find the relation between size of body parts and body weight, data were analyzed using simple regression. The study found that the male Muscovy ducks had two plumage characteristics, consisting of white and black-white, both shared the same frequencies, while in the female Muscovy ducks, white color was more dominant compared to the black-white color. The colors of the beak were divided into two i.e., black with a white color in the middle and reddish-white with pink colors in the middle. The size of Lombok Muscovy ducks was rather small in comparison with the other Muscovy ducks. The size of male duck was larger than that of the female.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

Effect of luteolin on the gene level expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis – influence of HSP70

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanandan Rajapriya ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Experimental Pancreatitis ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Pyrin Domain

Abstract Objectives Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the well characterized inflammasome that controls the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby the inflammation in pancreas which could be a promising target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study is aimed to explore whether luteolin can target the NLRP3 inflammasome and modulate its activity through the signaling protein, HSP70 in the ethanol-cerulein model of experimental pancreatitis. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 rats received normal diet. Groups 3 and 4 rats received isocalorically adjusted diet containing ethanol for 5 weeks and cerulein (20 μg/kg body weight i.p., thrice weekly for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period). Additionally, group 2 and 4 rats received 2 mg/kg body weight of luteolin orally from third week. Results Luteolin co-administration decreased the serum levels of HSP70, oxidative stress markers, myeloperoxidase, GSH/GSSG and GST with concomitant downregulation in the mRNA expression of HSP70, caspase-1, ASC-NLRP3 and NF-κB. Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that serum HSP70 has positive correlation with the expression of ASC-NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB and 4-hydroxynonenal and negative correlation with GSH:GSSG ratio. Conclusions The modulating effect of luteolin on the expression of HSP70, NF-κB and thereby on ASC-NLRP3 complex may be claimed for its pancreato-protective activity.

Growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A. J. Atansuyi ◽  
U. C. Ihendu ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-western Nigeria using a total of 300 day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven groups based on their strain. The seven strains are Normal feather (NF), Fulani ecotype (FE), Frizzle feather (FF), naked neck (NN) and Transylvania indigenous strains while Hubbard and Marshal were meat-type exotic chickens. There were forty- five (45) unsexed day-old chicks in each strain except the Frizzle feather that were 30 in number. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the trial that lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the initial and final weights of the birds. It was observed that exotic strains weighed heavier (3569.73gHB) than their indigenous counterparts (1391.11gNF). However, the Fulani ecotype weighed heaviest (1840.99g) among Nigeria indigenous strains during the experimental period. This showed that FE strains are generally heavy breed chicken and could be incorporated into a meat producing indigenous chicken if improved upon. The result of the correlation coefficients showed that a very strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.001) relationship existed between body weights and linear body measurements as most of the values are (>0.40). All the body parameter examined had significant (p<0.01) and direct relationship with the body weight. Shoulder-to-tail length (STL) had the highest coefficient of 0.98.The high correlation estimates obtained in this study could be as a result of pleiotropy, heterozygosity or linkage of genes in the birds. The three functions were highly significant (p<0.05) for all the parameters studied. This shows that the functions well described the parameters. On the basis of coefficient of determination (R ), the body weight of poultry birds at any age can be predicted most accurately with BRG using cubic function.

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