The use of station and field tests for the improvement of milking performance in dairy cattle. I. Variation in milk yield and butterfat in test station records

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. M. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Made In

A study of variation in milk yield and butterfat has been undertaken, using the test station records of almost 5 000 first-calf cows of three dairy breeds.The general object of the investigation was to provide a background for a more comprehensive examination of the important productive characteristics of dairy cattle, and of the use of different sire-testing procedures for their improvement; the specific object was to consider the possible causes of large sire components and heritability estimates that have been observed in all analyses of test station production data, and the reasons why the station and field tests of a bull do not always correspond.Large heritability estimates for milk yield, fat yield and fat percentage were obtained in the Danish Red and Black Pied breeds, but the corresponding estimates in the Jerseys (0·31, 0·48 and 0·58 respectively) were similar in size to the values normally obtained for these traits in field data.The pre-selection of heifer recruits to the stations, and breed differences in the intensity of selection applied to the productive characteristics, were considered and dismissed as causes of abnormal sire components, in the light of results obtained from field data which indicated that the heritability of milk yield in the Jerseys was not lower than in the other two breeds (0·26, 0·37 and 0·36 in Danish Reds, Black Pied and Jersey).It was suggested that differences between records made in test stations and records made in farmers' herds may be caused by differences in milking efficiency, by differences in culling practices in the two environments, and by the effects of age, season at calving and contemporaneity. Other investigations have established that these factors may have a large influence on the variance components of the production traits, and all of them would repay further investigation.

scholarly journals Associations between polymorphisms of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B genes and Milk production traits in Chinese Holstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruike Jia ◽  
Yihan Fu ◽  
Lingna Xu ◽  
Houcheng Li ◽  
Yanhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Percentage Protein

Abstract Background Our preliminary work confirmed that, SLC22A7 (solute carrier family 22 member 7), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like) and PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bβ) genes were differentially expressed in dairy cows during different stages of lactation, and involved in the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, so we considered these four genes as the candidates affecting milk production traits. In this study, we detected polymorphisms of the four genes and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By resequencing the whole coding region and part of the flanking region of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B, we totally found 20 SNPs, of which five were located in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR, three in ARNTL, and four in PPP2R2B. Using Haploview4.2, we found three haplotype blocks including five SNPs in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR and three in ARNTL. Single-SNP association analysis showed that 19 out of 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage in the first and second lactations (P < 0.05). Haplotype-based association analysis showed that the three haplotypes were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.05). Further, we used SOPMA software to predict a SNP, 19:g.37095131C > T in NGFR, changed the structure of NGFR protein. In addition, we used Jaspar software to found that four SNPs, 19:g.37113872C > G,19:g.37113157C > T, and 19:g.37112276C > T in NGFR and 15:g.39320936A > G in ARNTL, could change the transcription factor binding sites and might affect the expression of the corresponding genes. These five SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. Conclusions In summary, we proved that SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B have significant genetic effects on milk production traits. The valuable SNPs can be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection of dairy cattle, and the effects of these SNPs on other traits need to be further verified.

Correlations between food intake in young bulls and production, fertility and health disorders in lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
R. Wassmuth ◽  
D. Boelling ◽  
J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Heritability Estimates

AbstractDisease incidence in dairy cattle is to be reduced for animal welfare and economical reasons. This should be achieved not only by improvement of management but preferably also by genetic means. This study looks at the possibility of decreasing disease incidence in first lactation cows by increasing food intake. The latter is not measured on the cows directly but on young bulls during their performance test. Data consisted of 2203 Danish Red, 4527 Danish Black and White and 1022 Danish Jersey potential AI-bulls and 56 494 Danish Red, 264107 Danish Black and White and 57 661 Danish Jersey first lactation cows. Measures of food intake were provided by two Danish performance test stations. Information on incidence of mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, sole ulcer and ketosis as well as calving interval and energy corrected milk yield of first lactation cows was based on data extracted from the national data base in Denmark. Genetic (co)variances were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates of disease incidence and calving interval were low, ranging from <0.01 to 0.13 depending on breed. Heritability estimates of energy corrected milk yield were in the range of 0.28 to 0.33. In all breeds, an unfavourable genetic relationship between milk yield and disease incidence was found, while genetic correlations between food intake and ketosis were favourable, ranging between -0.03 and -0.25. Fertility disorders had an inconsistent correlation with food intake traits across breeds. Food intake of bulls could be included in the selection process in order to avoid nutrition-related disorders like ketosis.

Using quantile regression for fitting lactation curve in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Hossein Naeemipour Younesi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Shariati ◽  
Saeed Zerehdaran ◽  
Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi ◽  
Peter Løvendahl
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Breeding Center

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to compare the performance of different ‘nonlinear quantile regression’ models evaluated at theτth quantile (0·25, 0·50, and 0·75) of milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1991 to 2011, comprising 101 051 monthly milk production traits and SCS records of 13 977 cows in 183 herds. Incomplete gamma (Wood), exponential (Wilmink), Dijkstra and polynomial (Ali & Schaeffer) functions were implemented in the quantile regression. Residual mean square, Akaike information criterion and log-likelihood from different models and quantiles indicated that in the same quantile, the best models were Wilmink for milk yield, Dijkstra for fat percentage and Ali & Schaeffer for protein percentage. Over all models the best model fit occurred at quantile 0·50 for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, whereas, for SCS the 0·25th quantile was best. The best model to describe SCS was Dijkstra at quantiles 0·25 and 0·50, and Ali & Schaeffer at quantile 0·75. Wood function had the worst performance amongst all traits. Quantile regression is specifically appropriate for SCS which has a mixed multimodal distribution.

RELATIONSHIPS OF REPRODUCTION TRAITS, BODY WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD IN DAIRY CATTLE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. LEE ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
National Cooperative

The relationships between reproduction traits, body weight and milk yield were investigated using data from 1611 heifers and 733 cows from two lines of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed separately for heifers and cows within lines using a mixed linear model containing fixed effects for station, year of birth, season of birth and random effect of sires. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were estimated by a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for heifer and cow reproduction traits ranged between 0 and 26% while those of body weights at calving and 112 d postpartum and milk yield ranged from 24 to 43%. Heifers with difficult calving had a higher incidence of retained placenta than those with normal calving. Phenotypic correlations between heifer reproduction traits and milk yield during first lactation were small. High milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. Phenotypic correlations between heifer's and cow's reproduction traits were small. Difficult calving in heifers impairs reproductive performance after calving resulting in greater number of days from calving to first and last breeding and leading to a longer calving interval. Key words: Reproduction traits, heifers, cows, milk yield, dairy cattle

Impact assessment of TANUVAS – mineral mixture on the productive performance of dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. Prathaban ◽  
V. Thanaseelaan ◽  
C. Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
The Impact

Ten villages of Tirunelveli district were selected purposively for the study wherein NABARD Farmers culb functioning successfully. From each village 50 NABARD Farmers club members were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Thirty percent of the respondents were involved among 500 beneficiaris of the project to study the impact of TANUVAS - mineral mixture on the productive performance. Accordingly, 15 respondents from each village were included for this study and constituted a sample size of 150. Milk sample were collected before supplementation of TANUVAS - mineral mixture and after two weeks period of supplementation of TANUVAS - mineral mixture in dairy cattle. Fat and SNF percentage of samples were analysed in the laboratory and milk yield also estimated. The study concluded that, supplementation with TANUVAS - mineral mixture increased milk yield by one litre, fat percentage increased by 1.77 per cent and SNF increased by 0.77 per cent.

scholarly journals To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
L. Ignat'eva ◽  
A. Konte ◽  
A. Sermyagin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk yield and composition in Iranian buffaloes

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madad ◽  
N. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
A. A. Shadparvar ◽  
D. Kianzad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield and milk percentages of fat and protein in Iranian buffaloes. A total of 9,278 test-day production records obtained from 1,501 first lactation buffaloes on 414 herds in Iran between 1993 and 2009 were used for the analysis. Genetic parameters for productive traits were estimated using random regression test-day models. Regression curves were modeled using Legendre polynomials (LPs). Heritability estimates were low to moderate for milk production traits and ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 for milk yield, 0.01 to 0.27 for milk protein percentage and 0.03 to 0.24 for milk fat percentage, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.24 to 1 for milk yield between different days in milk over the lactation. Genetic correlations of milk yield at different days in milk were often higher than permanent environmental correlations. Genetic correlations for milk protein percentage ranged from −0.89 to 1 between different days in milk. Also, genetic correlations for milk percentage of fat ranged from −0.60 to 1 between different days in milk. The highest estimates of genetic and permanent environmental correlations for milk traits were observed at adjacent test-days. Ignoring heritability estimates for milk yield and milk protein percentage in the first and final days of lactation, these estimates were higher in the 120 days of lactation. Test-day milk yield heritability estimates were moderate in the course of the lactation, suggesting that this trait could be applied as selection criteria in Iranian milking buffaloes.

Identification of Genetic Variants in ABCG2 Gene Influencing Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Pratap Singh ◽  
A K Chakravarty ◽  
M A Mir ◽  
Ashwani Arya ◽  
Manvendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Karan Fries ◽  
Abcg2 Gene

This study was performed to investigate the polymorphisms in the ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2) gene and to reveal the association of genotypes with breeding value (BV) for first lactation milk yield and milk composition traits of Karan Fries (HF crossbred) cattle. The traits were adjusted against the significant effect of non-genetic factors. PCR-RFLP analysis of ABCG2 (exon 14) gene revealed three genotypes. AA genotype in ABCG2 gene had significant effect on BV for average test day fat percentage. The identified potential genetic marker could be used for the development of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) strategy for higher milk yield and milk composition traits in Karan Fries Cattle.

The use of station and field tests for the improvement of milking performance in dairy cattle. IV. Culling effects in herd and station records

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. M. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Selection Differential ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Controlled Conditions

SUMMARYThe effects of culling, natural wastage and different correction and exclusion procedures on estimates of lactation parameters have been examined in test station records of 1042 Danish Red cows. A total culling rate of 20% was applied to the initial material, of which 11% represented obligatory culling for disease, injury and infertility and 9% ‘paper’ culling for performance at four different stages of lactation.Exclusion and correction of short records generally resulted in overestimates of the sample mean and underestimates of the selection differential produced by culling. In all instances, the variance of the sample prior to culling, and the loss of variance attributable to culling, was underestimated in samples containing short or corrected records.It was concluded that field data cannot provide material suitable for objective studies of selection and that a reappraisal of the effects of age, lactation, season, etc., in the controlled conditions of test stations may well be justified. An absence of culling in test stations contributes to the large estimates of variance and heritability characteristic of station material.

DGAT1 polymorphism in Riverine buffalo, Swamp buffalo and crossbred buffalo

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Shenhe Liu ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Dgat1 Gene ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

This Research Communication describes the polymorphisms in the coding region of DGAT1 gene in Riverine buffalo, Swamp buffalo and crossbred buffalo, and associations between polymorphisms and milk production performance in Riverine buffalo. Two polymorphisms of DGAT1were identified, located in exon 13 and exon 17, respectively. The distribution of the genotypes of the two SNP loci in different buffalo population varied, especially the polymorphism located in exon 13 which was not found in the Swamp buffalo. Moreover, SNP located in exon 17 was a nonsynonymous switch resulting in the animo acid sequence changed from an arginine (Arg) to a histidine (His) at position 484. Both SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and the polymorphism of g.8330T>C in the exon 13 was significantly associated with peak milk yield, total milk yield and protein percentage. The C variant was associated with an increase in milk yield and peak yield but less in protein percentage compared with the T variant. The polymorphisms of g.9046T>C in exon 17 were significantly associated with fat percentage, in that the buffaloes with TT genotype had a significantly higher fat percentage than those with CC genotype. These findings reveal the difference in the genetic evolution of the DGAT1 between Riverine buffalo and Swamp buffalo, and provide evidence that the DGAT1 gene has potential effects for Riverine buffalo milk production traits, which can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in buffalo breeding.

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