A note on the response of wether lambs to treatment with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol-17β or zeranol

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. M. Yasin ◽  
H. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

ABSTRACTTwenty-five Greyface wether lambs were allocated at approximately 40 kg live weight to be slaughtered, to be untreated controls, or to be implanted with 57·5 mg trenbolone acetate plus 8·1 mg oestradiol-17β (treatment To8), 60mg trenbolone acetate plus lOmg oestradiol-17β (treatment To10) or 70mg trenbolone acetate plus 12 mg zeranol (treatment TZ). The control and treated lambs were slaughtered after 63 days. Effects on live-weight gain were small and not significant. On average, hormonal treatments resulted in: (a) significant increases in dressing percentage, gain in carcass weight and carcass protein, kidney weight (g/kg live weight), depth of thorax and in the activity of liver tyrosine amino transferase; and (b) variable reductions in hind leg length, concentration of plasma urea and (g/kg live weight) kidney fat, mesenteric fat and fleece. Significant differences recorded between treatments included the conversion of food into carcass protein (treatments To8 and TO10 v. TZ) and mesenteric fat (g/kg live weight) and fat cover at the 12th rib (treatment To8v To10).

Effects of selection for divergent ultrasonic fat depth in rams on progeny fatness

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bennett ◽  
H. H. Meyer ◽  
A. H. Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACTFat depths of Southdown and Suffolk rams were ultrasonically measured several times prior to 18 months of age. Ultrasonic measurements were regressed on live weight and deviations from this regression were standardized and summed to select rams with high and low fat depth to produce crossbred progeny for slaughter. An average of 3·24 standard deviations separated high and low sires. Progeny were slaughtered at two ages to determine differences in carcass fatness and its development. A significant difference of 0·5 mm fat depth over the loin eye muscle was found between progeny of low and high sires. Progeny from Suffolk high sires had greater tissue depth over the rib and higher kidney fat weight than those from Suffolk low sires but differences were small or reversed in Southdown progeny. Low progeny had significantly less estimated carcass chemical fat than high progeny. Fat depth C increased less in low progeny between early and late slaughter ages. However, no difference in partition of carcass weight gain to fat weight gain was observed between high and low progeny. Differences in fat weight between high and low progeny, as well as between Southdown and Suffolk progeny, appeared to have occurred prior to the earlier slaughter age.

The effect of a combination of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol-17β on growth performance and blood, carcass and body characteristics of wether lambs

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. S. Coelho ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTNine Cheviot × Shetland castrated male lambs from a group of 24 of 28 kg initial live weight, were subcutaneously implanted with a combination of 60 mg trenbolone acetate and 12 mg oestradiol-17β at 105 days and again at 45 days before slaughter. Of the remaining lambs, nine were untreated and six were slaughtered at the start of the experiment as part of a comparative slaughter procedure. The lambs treated with the anabolic preparation grew significantly faster (P < 0·05), converted food to live weight and estimated carcass gain more efficiently, had heavier carcasses which were larger, and had greater estimated gains for protein, moisture and ash. Implanted animals also tended to have a smaller deposition of carcass and kidney fat, but significantly heavier kidneys and less wool when the latter three weights were related to empty body weight. The mean values for plasma urea and serum total protein as indicators of protein metabolism were significantly decreased and increased respectively in treated lambs, but no other significant differences in blood metabolites and hormones were recorded. A significant increase in teat length of implanted lambs indicated the oestrogenic nature of the anabolic preparation.

Growth, hormonal and metabolic response of post-pubertal entire male cattle to trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTThe response of post-pubertal entire male cattle (bulls) to implantation with trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol was studied in two experiments. In experiment 1, eight British Friesian bulls, weighing approximately 359 kg at the beginning of a 90-day experiment, were either sham-implanted or implanted with 45 mg hexoestrol, followed 21 days later with a further implantation of 300 mg trenbolone acetate. In experiment 2, 16 bulls (14 British Friesian and two Simmental < ♂ × (Hereford < 5 × Friesian ♀), weighing approximately 349 kg, were similarly untreated or implanted with 30 mg hexoestrol and 300 mg trenbolone acetate. Treatment with hexoestrol gave a small and non-significant increase in live-weight gain in both experiments. However, live-weight gain and efficiency of conversion of food into live-weight gain were significantly improved in both studies following implantation with trenbolone acetate (P < 0·05). Treated bulls had heavier carcasses and greater mean values for estimated carcass gain (P < 005 in experiment 2). Comparison of mean values for blood metabolites indicated significant differences in concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acids and cortisol, and serum total protein, growth hormone, insulin and prolactin. Mean values were significantly lower in treated animals for serum albumin in experiment 2 (P < 001) and for plasma urea in both experiments (P < 0·001; P < 0·05). Treatment with hexoestrol resulted in lower mean concentrations of plasma androgens. These were further reduced following treatment with trenbolone acetate (P < 0·01). The results suggest that the combination of trenbolone acetate plus hexoestrol may improve growth performance, by altering protein metabolism, in post-pubertal entire male cattle. The combination of trenbolone acetate plus hexoestrol appears to have more potent anabolic activity than the endogenous hormones of these animals.

The influence of formaldehyde application at ensiling and of supplementation with urea or maize starch on the utilization by calves of ryegrass and red clover silages

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Kaiser ◽  
D. F. Osbourn ◽  
P. England
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment

ABSTRACTPrimary growths of perennial ryegrass and red clover were ensiled with formic acid (2 1/t fresh crop), o an equal quantity of formic acid together with formaldehyde (46 or 49 g/kg crude protein in the ryegrass or red clover respectively). The four silages were offered ad libitum to 12 groups, each of five British Friesian steer calves, either alone or with urea or maize starch supplements at 18·4 or 185·2 g/kg total dry-matter intake respectively.Digestible organic matter and digestible energy intake, live-weight gain, carcass weight, nitrogen retention and all digestibility measurements were higher on the ryegrass silages than on the red clover silages. However, dry-matter intake was higher on the red clover silages.Formaldehyde treatment reduced lactic and total acid content, and protein degradation in the silages. It also increased intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen retention on ryegrass but not on red clover, the effect being greater when the urea supplement was given. Digestibility measurements were depressed by formaldehyde treatment, although cellulose digestibility was only depressed in the ryegrass silage.Supplementation with starch depressed silage intake and nitrogen and cellulose digestibility, but increased dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibilities, digestible organic matter and digestible energy intakes, live-weight gain and carcass weight. The positive intake, live-weight gain and carcass weight responses were greater on the silages treated with formic acid, while the digestibility and the live-weight gain responses were greater on the red clover silages. Starch supplementation did not improve nitrogen retention.The different animal production responses to formaldehyde treatment on the ryegrass and red clover silages are discussed.

A note on the response of British Friesian steers to trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol, and to alternation in dietary energy intake

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galbraith ◽  
K. J. Geraghty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACTFour steers from a group of eight British Friesian steers were implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and 30 mg hexoestrol at the beginning of a 90-day trial period. The remainder were untreated. They were offered diets that varied in estimated content of metabolizable energy as follows (MJ/day): day 0 to 34 (period A), 100; day 35 to 60 (period B), 50; and day 61 to 90 (period C), 75 increasing to 110. Implanted steers gained significantly more live weight in periods A and C, and lost less in period B, than controls. Implanted steers had significantly elevated concentrations of plasma glucose in period A, and lower values for plasma urea and serum albumin throughout. Differences between control and implanted steers for the other blood constituents studied, including growth hormone, insulin and prolactin, were small and not significant. The main effects of changes in dietary energy intake on blood composition included significant increases in both groups of animals in the concentration of free fatty acids and growth hormone during underfeeding (period B). These concentrations decreased in period C, concomitant with significant increases in the concentrations of insulin and prolactin.

A note on the progressive carcass-weight changes of fattening store lambs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYTwo experiments involving the sequential slaughter of intensively fattened store lambs were each carried out over a period of 12 weeks. In the first experiment the lambs were offered a concentrate diet ad libitum. In the second experiment they were offered swede turnips ad libitum with a limited amount of concentrates.In each experiment, similar groups of lambs were slaughtered at equal intervals in order to measure progressive changes in live weight, carcass weight and dry-matter intake. Carcass-weight gain as a proportion of live-weight gain was found to be 74% in the first experiment and 86% in the second experiment.

The effect of age, live-weight and rate-of-gain on dressing percentage and non-saleable fat content of Israel-Friesian bull calves

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levi ◽  
M. Soller ◽  
A. Shilo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

Data were collected during 1961–2 on the live-weight, age and warm carcass weights of 83 lots of Israel-Friesian bull calves, 525 animals in all, the offspring of 26 sires. For varying numbers of these animals weight of various non-saleable fat components, including ruminal fat, kidney fat, inguinal fat and scapular fat were also obtained. Ruminal fat alone and ruminal fat plus kidney fat were found to be highly correlated with total non-saleable fat (r = 0·84 and 0·94, respectively). Heritability of dressing percentage was 0·20, of live-weight rate-of-gain 0·92, and of carcass rate-ofgain 0·49. The genetic correlation between live-weight and carcass weight was 0·7. Between-lot correlations indicated that increased rate-of-gain achieved through management will be accompanied by decreased dressing percentage and increased non-saleable fat content.

Tolerance of imported rabbits grown as meat animals to hot climate and saline drinking water in the subtropical environment of Egypt

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. M. Marai ◽  
A. A. M. Habeeb ◽  
A. E. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Subtropical Environment

AbstractNinety of each of New Zealand White (NZW) and Californian (Cal) male weaned rabbits at 5 weeks of age with nearly similar average live weights were used during two periods of the year (mild and hot, each of 9 weeks), in a trial to evaluate their adaptability as meat animals to the subtropical conditions of Egypt. The results showed that NZW surpassed Cal, in most of the traits studied. The increase was significant in final live weight, daily weight gain, final body solids, daily body solids gain, body water concentration (ml per 100 g body solids) and pre-slaughter weight. Meanwhile, Cal significantly surpassed NZW in daily water consumption. The temperature-humidity index (THI) values indicated absence of heat stress in the first period and exposure to moderate (but very close to severe) heat stress in the second. The hot conditions induced significant decline in final live weight, daily weight gain, food intake, final body solids, daily body solids gain, plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) hormone, total proteins, albumin, globulin, total lipids, glucose, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg and P), pre-slaughter weight and kidneys with fat weight. In contrast, the hot conditions were accompanied by significant increases in water intake, body water concentration, plasma urea-N, creatinine and physiological body reactions (respiration rate and temperatures of rectum, skin and ear). Drinking water containing high levels of salt (3000 p. p. m. and more) caused significant decreases in final live weight, daily live-weight gain, final body solids, daily body solids gain, plasma T3 hormone, total proteins, albumin, total lipids, glucose, pre-slaughter weight and kidneys with fat weight. At the same time, significant increases occurred in water consumption, body water concentration, plasma urea-N, creatinine, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca and P), respiration rate and rectal and skin temperatures. Estimations of adaptability to the subtropical environment of Egypt and tolerance to drinking saline water under the same conditions were found to be proportionately 0·844 and 0·876 and 0·821 and 0·803, in NZW and Cal, respectively.

Effects of clover in the diet of grazed lambs on production and carcass composition

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Vipond ◽  
G. Swift ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
G. Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Tissue Lipids

AbstractThe effect of grazing clover on ewes and lambs was studied using nitrogen-fertilized grass (G) and grass/white clover pastures (GC) containing proportionately 0·18 clover. Carcasses of lambs grazed on GC were significantly heavier than carcasses of lambs grazed on G pastures. An interaction with weaning occurred. Carcasses from lambs grazed on GC for 53 days post weaning were 2·3 kg heavier (F < 0·01) but lambs slaughtered at weaning had similar carcass weights. Diet had no effect on relative joint components of carcasses. The effect of clover in the diet on carcass weight was attributed to higher levels of protein retention.Analysis of the fatty acid composition of intramuscular and subcutaneous and perirenal lipids indicated small but significant effects of diet. Lean tissue lipids of lambs grazing clover showed significant increases in C18:2 and reduced C20: 5 fatty acids. In tissue fats there were small increases in C14:0, C16:0 and C18:2 with reduced C18:1 content.Twin suckled lambs grazing GC for 94 days from turn-out in early April showed increased live-weight gain over lambs on G of 336 v. 287 g/day (s.e.d. 84; P < 0.001). Post weaning live-weight gain of lambs was 173 and 221 g/day on G and GC respectively. Sward height was maintained at 5.18 and 5.24 (s.e.d. 0.075) cm on G and GC paddocks by adjusting ewe numbers. GC pastures carried proportionately 0.82 of the stock on G pastures but output of lamb was similar at 1289 and 1247 kg/ha for G and GC respectively.Results showed that the production penalty of lower stocking rate associated with grass/clover v. grass fertilized with 190 kg nitrogen per ha was ameliorated by higher lamb live-weight gain and carcass weight without change in joint composition or nutritionally significant change in fatty acid composition of carcass tissues.

Hexoestrol implantation of steers fattened at pasture II. Effects on empty weight, carcass weight and carcass quality

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Alder ◽  
J. C. Tayler ◽  
J. E. Rudman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Winter Grazing

The first paper of this series (Alder, Tayler and Rudman, 1964) described experiments carried out over 4 years on the effects of hexoestrol on live-weight gain and herbage intake in grazing steers. The 52 steers used weighed between 750 and 1,100 lb. initially and included four pairs of twins. The experiments lasted between 55 and 124 days and involved both summer and winter grazing. This paper is concerned with observations made on the animals after slaughter.

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