Short-term fluctuations in the live weight of identical twin cattle

ABSTRACTTwo pairs of uniformly treated identical twins were weighed four times daily for 16 days. In addition, daily growth rate was analysed for 10 pairs of identical twins kept on high and low planes of nutrition over a 16-week period.Identical twins fluctuated in body weight from hour to hour and day to day in a significantly more similar manner than did unrelated animals. The greater similarity found when all animals were uniformly treated still persisted when identical twins were placed on different planes of nutrition.

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Growth of green catfish seed fed on sludge worm and artificial feed combination

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.12.18-24 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Netti Aryani ◽

Niken Ayu Pamungkas ◽

. Adelina

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Absolute Length ◽

The Absolute ◽

Mystus Nemurus

ABSTRACT This research aimed to obtain information of growth and survival of green catfish (Mystus nemurus) juvenile fed with sludge worm (Tubifex sp.; T) and artificial diet (PB) and added with the combination of 50% soybean pulp waste and 50% freshwater trash fish. Feeding was performed in several variation of time during 40 days of fish rearing. Average body length of juvenile was 12 mm and weight 2.8±0.0 mg, maintained at a density of 30 individuals/aquarium. The treatment in this research was T10PB30 (8–18 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 18–48 days old fish were fed with artificial diet), T20PB20 (8–28 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 28–48 days old were fed with artificial diet), T30PB10 (8–38 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 38–48 days old were given artificial diet), PB40 (8–48 days old juvenile were fed artificial diet), T40 (8–48 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm). The results indicated that the treatment of 40 days feeding with sludge worm provided the best growth and survival as daily growth rate of 16.4±28.0 g/day, the growth of the absolute length was 43.60±0.01 mm, the absolute body weight 2,047.2±35.0 mg and the survival rate was 96.44%. The best artificial feeding treatment was feeding with sludge worm for 30 days and with 10 days of artificial diet, results in daily growth rate of 4.53±0,25 mm/day, the growth of the absolute length 40.00±0.04 mm, the absolute body weight 1,447.2±15.0 mg, and the survival rate 94.44±2.60%. Keywords: artificial feed, sludge worm, growth, green catfish ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih ikan baung (Mystus nemurus) dengan pemberian cacing sutra (Tubifex sp.; T) dan pakan buatan (PB) kombinasi 50% limbah ampas tahu dan 50% ikan rucah air tawar. Pakan diberikan dengan variasi lama waktu berbeda selama pemeliharaan 40 hari. Rerata panjang awal benih adalah 12 mm dan bobot tubuh 2,8±0,0 mg, dipelihara dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/akuarium. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah T10PB30 (benih umur 8–18 hari diberi pakan cacing sutra dan umur 18–48 hari pakan buatan), T20PB20 (benih umur 8–28 hari diberi cacing sutra dan umur 28–48 pakan buatan), T30PB10 (benih umur 8–38 diberi pakan cacing sutra dan umur 38–48 diberi pakan buatan), PB40 (benih umur 8–48 hari diberi pakan buatan), T40 (benih umur 8–48 hari diberi pakan cacing sutra). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pemberian cacing sutra dan pakan buatan yang terbaik adalah pemberian pakan cacing sutra selama 40 hari dengan laju pertumbuhan harian 16,4±28,0 g/hari, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 43,60±0,01 mm, bobot mutlak 2.047,2±35,0 mg, dan sintasan 96,44%. Selanjutnya variasi lama waktu pemberian pakan buatan yang terbaik adalah pemberian cacing sutra selama 30 hari dan pakan buatan sepuluh hari dengan laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 4,53±0,25 mm/hari, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 40,00±0,04 mm, bobot mutlak 1.447,2±15,0 mg, dan sintasan 94,44±2,60%. Kata kunci: pakan buatan, cacing sutra, pertumbuhan, ikan baung

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Pertumbuhan benih ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, yang diberi pakan dengan dosis dan frekuensi berbeda

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.8.1.2020.27491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tinus O O. Biduan ◽

Indra R. N. Salindeho ◽

Hariyani Sambali

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

The Body ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Feeding Regime ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recirculation System

The objectives of this research were to find out the optimum dose and frequency of feeding regime to ensure the maximum growth of carp-seeds, Cyprinus carpio, reared in the backyard pond with recirculation system. The experiment was carried out in 2x3 factorial experimental design and the experimental units were designed in randomized block. Two factors were tested in this experiment; the first factor, dose of feeding, had three levels, 3%, 4% and 5% of the total body weight per day; and the second factor had 2 levels, 2 and 3 times per day. Hence there were 6 treatments were applied, and each treatment was triplicated. Each repetition represented group of fish with different weight. There were 18 experimental units, and each experimental unit was composed of 8 tested fish, therefore there were 144 tested fish, which were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and then every week during the 6 weeks period of the experiment. The weight data were converted into FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate, and were statistically analyzed using JMP statistic-program (SAS-institute). The results showed the absolute growth of fish at dose of 3% was significantly lower than that of fish at the dose of 4% and 5%, which was not significantly different. The relative and daily growth rate was not significantly affected by the different dose of feeding regime. There was no significant difference in FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate between fish fed 2 and 3 times per day. The best FCR, 1,46, was performed by fish fed 3% of the body weight per day, and this value was significantly different with that of the fish fed 4% or 5%. The results of this experiment suggest that, carp reared in backyard pond with recirculation system should be fed twice a day, with a dose of 3% of the body weight each day.

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Dietary Zinc Requirement of Young Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac.)

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.6.161-169 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Mia Setiawati ◽

N.R. Azwar ◽

I. Mokoginta ◽

R. Affandi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Dietary Zinc ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Different Levels

This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary zinc requirement of young giant gouramy. Five experimental diets were used in this experiment containing iso-nitrogenous and iso-energy with different levels of zinc (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg per kg). The initial means of body weight of body the fishes was 0.82 g per individual. The fishes were fed upon the diets at satiation, three times daily, for 12 weeks. The results indicated no zinc deficiency symptoms in this experiment. The daily growth rate, feed efficiency, survival rates and protein and lipid retention were not significantly different from all the diets. However, fish fed upon 25 mg Zn/kg diets produced the highest protein and total digestibility. The zinc contents of 25 mg Zn/kg diets gave the highest value in zinc accumulation in the bone, blood serum and eyes. The highest accumulation of the zinc in the liver occurred in 50 mg Zn/kg diets. There was increase in zinc content of the tissues after increasing levels of dietary zinc. Thus, Zn requirement for juvenile of giant gouramy was 25-50 mg/kg diets. Keywords: Osphronemus gouramy, Zinc, diet ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan seng dalam pakan untuk benih ikan gurame. Lima jenis pakan percobaan yang diuji mengandung iso-nitrogen dan iso-energi dengan kadar seng (Zn) yang berbeda (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg per kg). Bobot rata-rata benih yang digunakan adalah 0,82 g per ekor. Ikan dipelihara selama 12 minggu dan diberi pakan 3 kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada gejala defisiensi Zn. Laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan, kelangsungan hidup dan rentesi protein dan lemak tidak berbeda nyata untuk semua perlakuan. Namun demikian, ikan yang diberi Zn sebanyak 25 mg/kg pakan menghasilkan kecernaan total dan protein tertinggi. Perlakuan tersebut juga menghasilkan akumulasi Zn tertinggi dalam tulang, serum darah dan mata. Akumulasi Zn tertinggi dalam hati diperoleh pada perlakuan 50 mg Zn/kg pakan. Kandungan Zn dalam jaringan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya kadar Zn dalam pakan. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan Zn bagi benih ikan gurame adalah sebanyak 25-50 mg /kg pakan. Kata kunci: Osphronemus gouramy, seng, pakan

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Short-term forecast in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Application of a weighted and cumulative average daily growth rate to an exponential decay model

Infectious Disease Modelling ◽

10.1016/j.idm.2020.12.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Bartolomeo ◽

Paolo Trerotoli ◽

Gabriella Serio

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Exponential Decay ◽

Early Stage ◽

Short Term ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Short Term Forecast ◽

Term Forecast ◽

Decay Model ◽

Exponential Decay Model

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Characteristics of half-siblings cows’ by growth and milk productivity

145 - Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva ◽

10.33245/2310-9289-2019-150-2-33-42 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

V. Siriak ◽

Y. Polupan ◽

R. Stavetska

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

G 12 ◽

M Estimate

It is proved that the live weight of replacement heifers, the intensity of their formation and milk productivity in primiparous cows depends on father origin, in particular, the value of the index of live weight formation between groups of half-siblings ranges from 68,9 to 82.3 (for comparing ages 6–0 and 12–6 months), from 15,1 to 18,4 (6–3 and 9–6 months), from 23,8 to 28,6 (6–3 and 12–9 months); average daily growth rate in the age of 0–12 months – from 659 to 717 g, 12–18 months – from 500 to 585 g; live weight at the age of 12 months – from 367 to 399 kg; 305-day milk yield – from 5295 to 7595 kg, fat content in milk – from 3,70 to 3,78 %, protein content – from 3,23 to 3,34 %, milk fat – from 197 to 286 kg, milk protein – from 175 to 253 kg. Regardless of the method of determining the index of live weight formation, the higher values of them had daughters of sires M. Nirvana 101709244 (82,3; 18,3; 26,9, respectively), B. Buick 10789585 (80,0; 18,1; 28,6) and M. W. Tahoe 8189401 (80,1; 18,4; 27,7). There were determined differences (P < 0,001) between half-siblings by the average daily growth at the age 0-12 and 12-18 months. At the age of 0-12 months, the higher average daily growths showed daughters of sires M. W. Tahoe 8189401, Flame 112302008 and B. Buick 10789585 (on average 711 g), aged 12–18 months – daughters of sires M. Nirvana 101709244, N. Alfons 353588796, H. R. Artist 6284191 and H. Hadley 123055802 (on average 566 g). The higher intensity of growth of replacement heifers up to 12 months was not related to higher milk productivity in primiparous cows. The advantage of milk yield (+606…+1373 kg, P < 0,001), milk fat (+25…+54 kg, P < 0,001) and milk protein (+22…+48 kg, P < 0,001) was observed in daughters of sires M. Estimate 5925716 and N. Alfons 353588796, whose live weight at the age of 18 months did not exceed the average in the group. The low milk productivity (–525…–927 kg of milk compared to the average, –18…–44 kg of milk fat and –8…–30 kg of milk protein) were characterized for daughters of bulls Flame 112302008 and M. W. Tahoe 8189401, which had significantly higher intensity of growth and live weight formation. Based on the variance analysis it was established that the effect of parentage on the live weight of cows from birth to 18 months was 24,4–43,6 % of the total phenotypic variation, the average daily growth rate – 27,5–47,7 %, traits of milk productivity – 18,0–30,1 % with a high probability (P < 0,001) Key words: dairy cattle, parentage, half-siblings, the index of live weight formation, milk productivity, power of influence.

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Effect of Rearing Density on Growth and Survival Rate of Balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus Blkr.) Fry at Recirculation Culture System

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.7.189-197 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

I. Effendi ◽

T.D. Ratih ◽

T. Kadarini

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Population Data ◽

Fish Length ◽

Market Demand ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Rearing Density

Population of balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus, Blkr.) in nature has been decreased. Therefore, domestication is needed to recover the stock and meet the market demand. This study was conducted to determine rearing density producing the best survival and growth rate of fish. Fry of balashark in length of 1.5 cm and body weight of 0.2 g were reared at density of 1, 2, 3 and 4 fish/l in recirculation aquarium 50×50×40 cm3 system. During experiment, fish were fed on Tubifex two times daily at 15% body weight or 0.168 g/fish. Sampling of fish length and body weight was done every two weeks by 10% of population. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial orthogonal test. The results indicated that daily growth rate by weight (Y1) of fish decreased by increasing the rearing density (X). Response of daily growth rate related to rearing density was negatively linear as Y1= 7.3563 - 0.253X. Daily growth rate by length was also decreased by increasing the rearing density. Their response was also negatively linear as Y2 = 0.7411 - 0.0358X. Food efficiency of was decreased by increasing the rearing density at 0.69, 0.61, 0.53 and 0.36%, respectively. Survival rate of fish in each treatment was relatively similar, ranged from 95.0 to 98.5%. Thus, best growth and survival rate were obtained by rearing fish at density of 1 fish/l. Keywords: balashark, Balantiocheilus melanopterus, density, growth, survival rate ABSTRAK Populasi benih ikan balashark (Balantiocheilus melanopterus, Blkr.) dialam menurun. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya budidaya (domestikasi) untuk memulihkan stok dan memenuhi permintaan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui padat penebaran yang memberikan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan terbaik dalam sistem budidaya. Benih ikan balashark yang berukuran rata-rata 1,5 cm dan bobot 0,2 g ditebar dengan kepadatan 1, 2, 3 dan 4 ekor/liter dalam akuarium berukuran 50×50×40 cm3 yang dirancang dalam suatu sistem resirkulasi. Selama pemeliharaan, benih ikan ini diberi cacing sutera dua kali sehari sebanyak 15% bobot tubuh atau 0,168 g per ekor. Pengukuran panjang dan bobot ikan dilakukan dua minggu sekali sebanyak 10% populasi. Data diuji dengan sidik ragam dan uji respon dengan polinomial orthogonal. Laju pertumbuhan berat harian (Y1) benih ikan balashark semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya padat penebaran (x), respon yang diberikan laju pertumbuhan berat harian terhadap padat tebar adalah linier negatif mengikuti persamaan Y1 = 7,3563 - 0,253x. Laju pertumbuhan panjang harian (Y2) benih ikan balashark juga semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya padat penebaran (x). Respon yang diberikan juga berupa linier negatif mengikuti persamaan Y2 = 0,7411 - 0,0358 x. Efisiensi pemberian pakan benih ikan balashark untuk padat penebaran 1-4 ekor/liter masing-masing pemberian adalah 0,69, 0,61, 0,53 dan 0,36%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan relatif sama, berkisar antara 95,0 sampai 98,5%. Dengan demikian pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup terbaik diperoleh pada padat tebar 1 ekor/l. Kata kunci: balashark, Balantiocheilus melanopterus, kepadatan, pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup

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PENGARUH PERBEDAAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT YUWANA KAKAP MERAH, Lutjanus argentimaculatus

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.1.2.2006.151-159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Regina Melianawati ◽

Ketut Suwirya

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Lutjanus Argentimaculatus

Frekuensi pemberian pakan merupakan faktor yang penting karena berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan berperanan penting dalam efektivitas penggunaan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui frekuensi pemberian pakan yang tepat pada pemeliharaan yuwana kakap merah. Hewan uji yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah yuwana kakap merah, Lutjanus argentimaculatus umur 56 hari dengan bobot awal 0,18 ± 0,03 g sebanyak 180 ekor. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 12 tangki polyethylene volume 60 L. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan dalam penelitian ini adalah perbedaan frekuensi pemberian pakan, yaitu (A) 2 kali sehari (08:00, 14:00); (B) 4 kali sehari (08:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00); (C) 6 kali sehari (08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00); dan (D) 8 kali sehari (08:00, 09:30, 11:00, 12:30, 14:00, 15:30, 17:00, 18:30). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan frekuensi pemberian pakan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan laju pertumbuhan bobot harian yuwana kakap merah serta nisbah konversi pakan dan efisiensi pakan, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap sintasan (P>0,05). Frekuensi pemberian pakan delapan kali sehari dengan interval waktu setiap 1,5 jam menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot dan laju pertumbuhan harian yuwana kakap merah yang paling besar serta nisbah konversi pakan yang terendah dan efisiensi pakan yang tertinggi.Feeding frequency was an important factor that gave the influence to growth and also for effectiveness using the feed. This research was aimed to get the information about effective feeding frequency on rearing of mangrove snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus juvenile. This research was using12 polyethylene tank of 60 L in volume and 180 juvenile of 56 days old with 0.18 ± 0.03 grams of body weight. Complete random design with four treatments and three replicates was used in this research. The treatment was different feeding frequency, i.e.: (A) 2 times perday (08:00, 14:00); (B) 4 times perday (08:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00); 6 times perday (08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00); dan 8 times perday (08:00, 09:30, 11:00, 12:30, 14:00, 15:30, 17:00, 18:30). The result indicated that different feeding frequency was significant to body weight, body weight gain and daily growth rate of mangrove snapper juvenile, also to feed conversion ratio and feeding efficiency, but not significant to survival rate. Feeding frequency 8 times perday with interval 1.5 hours gave the biggest of body weight, body weight gain and daily growth rate, the lowest of feed conversion ratio and the highest of feeding efficiency.

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Pertumbuhan benih ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, yang diberi pakan dengan dosis berbeda pada kolam pekarangan dengan sistim resirkulasi

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.8.1.2020.27198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kalfianus Jasansong ◽

Indra R. N. Salindeho ◽

Reni L. Kreckhoff

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recirculation System ◽

Total Body

The research was aimed to find out the optimum dose of feeding regime to ensure the maximum growth of carp-seeds, Cyprinus carpio, reared in backyard pond with recirculation system. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with 3 different dose of feeding regimes as treatments, which were 3%, 4% and 5% of the total body weight per day. Each treatment was triplicate and each repetition functioned as group of fish with different weight. There were 3 groups which were, fish weighing 1.5–2.4 gram (Group-1), fish weighing 2.5 – 3.4 gram (Group-2) and fish weighing 3.5 – 4.8 gram (Group-3). Each experimental unit was composed of 8 tested fish, placed in a netting-cage bag measuring 60×30×60 cm (l×w×h) with a mesh-size of 4 mm. Each group was composed of 24 tested fish, hence there were 72 tested fish in total. Fish were fed twice a day at 07:00 and 17:00. Tested fish were weighed every week, and the fish weight data were converted into FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate. Data were statistically analyzed using JMP statistic-program. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in absolute, relative and daily growth rate among fish fed 3%, 4% and 5% of total body weight per day. The best FCR was performed by fish fed 3% of total body weight per day. Hence, this experiment result suggests that, carp reared in backyard pond with recirculation system should be fed with a dose of 3% of the total body weight each day, as fish might grow well and at the same time the amount of uneaten food, feces and metabolic wastes is minimized at this dose of feeding.

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SUBSTITUSI FERMENTASI BUNGKIL KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN GURAMI (OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY)

Jurnal Ruaya Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.29406/rya.v4i1.686 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farida . ◽

Eka Indah Raharjo ◽

Arnis Maylinda Sari

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Average Growth ◽

Fermentation Residue ◽

Average Average

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit dalam pakan buatan.Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan.Susunan perlakuan adalah Perlakuan A : bungkil kelapa sawit 12%, Perlakuan B : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 15%, Perlakuan C : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18%, Perlakuan D : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 21%. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan spesifikberat, laju pertumbuhan harianpanjang, konversi pakan, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air sebagai penunjang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit menghasilkan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurami. Pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18% (perlakuan C), memberikan hasil terbaik dengan laju pertumbuhan dengan rata – rata laju pertumbuhan spesifik berat 1.502%, laju pertumbuhan harian panjang 4.06%, nilai konversi pakan rata – rata 3.48 dan kelangsungan hidup rata – rata 90%.Kata Kunci : Fermentasi Bungkil Kelapa Sawit, Ikan Gurami, Laju PertumbuhanThe study aims to determine the use of fermentation residue oil palm in artificial feed .Research using a completely randomized design ( CRD ), which consists of 4 treatment three replications.The composition of the treatment is the treatment A : 12 % of palm oil cake , Treatment B : fermented palm oil cake 15 % , Treatment C : fermented palm oil cake 18 % , Treatment D : fermentation residue palm oil 21 %.This research was conducted for 60 days to determine the specific growth rate of heavy , long daily growth rate , feed conversion , survival and quality of water as a supporter.The results showed the artificial feeding with fermented palm cake to produce a good response to the growth of carp.Feeding artificially by fermentation cake palm oil 18 % ( treatment C ) , gives the best results with a growth rate with the average - average growth rate of the specific weight of 1.502 % daily growth rate long- 4:06 % , the value of feed conversion average - average 3:48 and median survival - average of 90 % .Keywords : Fermentation Palm Kernel Oil, Fish carp, Growth Rate

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Public Compliance With Social Distancing Measures and SARS-CoV-2 Spread

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211011254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110112

Author(s):

Hongjie Liu ◽

Chang Chen ◽

Raul Cruz-Cano ◽

Jennifer L. Guida ◽

Minha Lee

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Early Stage ◽

Human Mobility ◽

The United States ◽

Density Change ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Social Distancing

Objective We quantified the association between public compliance with social distancing measures and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the epidemic (March–May 2020) in 5 states that accounted for half of the total number of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods We used data on mobility and number of COVID-19 cases to longitudinally estimate associations between public compliance, as measured by human mobility, and the daily reproduction number and daily growth rate during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York. Results The 5 states mandated social distancing directives during March 19-24, 2020, and public compliance with mandates started to decrease in mid-April 2020. As of May 31, 2020, the daily reproduction number decreased from 2.41-5.21 to 0.72-1.19, and the daily growth rate decreased from 0.22-0.77 to –0.04 to 0.05 in the 5 states. The level of public compliance, as measured by the social distancing index (SDI) and daily encounter-density change, was high at the early stage of implementation but decreased in the 5 states. The SDI was negatively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, –0.04 to –0.01) and the daily growth rate (from –0.009 to –0.01). The daily encounter-density change was positively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, 0.24 to 1.02) and the daily growth rate (from 0.05 to 0.26). Conclusions Social distancing is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and illustrates the role of public compliance with social distancing measures to achieve public health benefits.

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