The Uffington White Horse

Antiquity ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
The North ◽  
White Horse ◽  
The Village

The White Horses cut in the turf of the Wessex Downs are familiar to most people who have wandered over the hills of western England, and many have no doubt paused to look at one or another of them and perhaps to ‘hazard a wide solution’ as to its antiquity or origin. But of the fifteen White Horses in Wiltshire and the adjoining counties, only one can be attributed to a date before the eighteenth century. This, the sire of them all, is cut on the north slope of the Berkshire Downs, above the village of Uffington, and gives its name to the fertile plain of mid-Berkshire-the Vale of the White Horse. Camden in writing of the Vale was wholly contemptuous of the Horse, saying that the inhabitants named the district ‘I wotte not from what shape of a white horse, imagined to appeare in a whitish chalky hill’. But despite Camden's scepticism, the Uffington White Horse very definitely exists, and has been cited as a landmark since the eleventh century, when the cartulary of Abingdon abbey records that one Godfric was possessed of Sparsholt juxta locum qui vulgo mons Albi Equi nuncupatur. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the Horse is several times mentioned in connexion with the tenure of lands near it. Mr T. H. Ravenhill has recently drawn attention to an early fourteenth century manuscript in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, entitled Tractatus de mirabizibus Britanniae, in which the White Horse is given second place among the Marvels, Stonehenge being first.

scholarly journals HA NOI – HUE – SAI GON IN TERRITORY EXPANSION TOWARD THE SOUTH AND UNIFICATION OF THE COUNTRY (1069–1802)

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6E) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Quang Ngọc
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Early History ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
The Relationship

Vietnam is a country of an early history establishment with three archaeological centres: Dong Son in the North, Sa Huynh in the Central, and Oc Eo in the South. In the long history, these three centres unite and gather into a unified block, step by step, becoming a mainstream development trend. By the eleventh century, Thang Long capital (Hanoi) is a typical representative, the starting point for the course of advancement to the South of the Vietnamese. Later, Phu Xuan (Hue) from the fourteenth century and Gia Dinh (Saigon) from the seventeenth century directly multiply resources, deciding the success of the course of territory expansion and determining the southern territory of the nation Dai Viet – Vietnam in the middle of the eighteenth century. The Tay Son movement at the end of the eighteenth century starts unifying the country, but the course is not completed with numerous limitations. The mission of unifying the whole country is assigned back to Nguyen Anh. Nguyen Anh continually builds Gia Dinh into a firm basement for proceeding to conquer the imperial capital of Hue and the citadel Thang Long, completing the 733-year journey to expand the southern territory (1069–1802) and unifying the whole country into a single unit. Hanoi – Hue – Saigon in the relationship and mutual support has become the three pillars that determine all successes throughout the long history and in each stage of expansion and shaping of territory and unification of the country.

Two Fourteenth-Century Gauntlets From Ripon Cathedral

1942 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Kind Permission ◽  
The North ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

The two gauntlets which were exhibited to the Society by kind permission of the Archdeacon of Richmond, on 26th November 1941, form part of the funeral achievement of Sir Edward Blackett (died 1718), hanging above his monument in the north transept of Ripon Cathedral. The achievement consists of a close-helmet of the sixteenth century with a wooden funeral crest of a falcon (for Blackett); a tabard; a cruciform sword in its scabbard, of the heraldic pattern of the early eighteenth century; and two iron gauntlets. The wooden escutcheon and pair of spurs which must once have completed the group are now missing.

An Adulterine Castle on Faringdon Clump, Berkshire

1936 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The North ◽  
White Horse ◽  
Sandstone Rock ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Oxford Road

From the market-place at Faringdon the Oxford road mounts steadily, passing under the north slope of the hill known variously as Faringdon Clump or Faringdon Folly. The hill is a rounded knoll, the summit of which stands 505 ft. O.D. and, besides being a well-known landmark in the Vale of White Horse, commands an extensive prospect in every direction. Like Cumnor Hurst, Shotover, Brill and others, it is one of a series of undenuded caps of Cretaceous sands overlying Berkshire oolites that crop out at intervals between Faringdon and Aylesbury. The sands are ferruginous, dark yellow with lighter sands below, divided by a layer of sandstone rock. On the summit of the hill is a clump of beeches and Scotch firs, probably planted here, as on so many similar eminences, in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century.

scholarly journals KOPI SAJANG MENUJU DUNIA MELALUI PROMOSI DAN PEMBAHARUAN KEMASAN PRODUK SAJANG’S COFFEE TO WORLD THROUGH PROMOTION AND RENEWAL OF PACKAGING PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sarjan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Sembalun affections village subdistrict East Lombok district is a village located on the north slope of Mount Rinjani. The village has an excellent coffee commodity. However, there are some problems faced by coffee producers in this village, one of which is a matter of marketing. Village location away from the city made the affections of coffee marketing is constrained. This problem can be overcome by making a promotional tool. A promotional tool here can be a pamphlet, social media and so forth. Making the affections coffee social media aims to facilitate the promotion and the coffee can be known more widely. The method used is the preparation of the program, the renewal of affections coffee product packaging and manufacturing of social media such as instagram.

The Institutional Façade: Architectural Recording at the Old Schools, University of Cambridge

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 213-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Evans ◽  
Joshua Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The North ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The University

The results of architectural recording within the North Range of the University's Old Schools are described. Argued to have stood independently as a hall in the later fourteenth century, the progressive development of the Schools' quadrangle, and extensive alterations to it – culminating in Wright's neo-classical facade of 1754–58 – reflects upon the historical development of academic architecture. The prestigious display of the complex in the mid eighteenth century, facilitated through the mass levelling of domestic properties, equally tells of the institutional ‘realization’ of the University.

Mapping lake drainage and drained lake basins around Point Lay, Alaska using multi-source remote sensing data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Bergstedt ◽  
Benjamin Jones ◽  
Donald Walker ◽  
Louise Farquharson ◽  
Amy Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Slope ◽  
The North ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
The Village ◽  
Lake Basins

<p>The North Slope of Alaska is a permafrost affected landscape dominated by lakes and drained lake basins of different sizes, depths and ages. Local communities across the North Slope region rely on lakes as a fresh water source and as locations for subsistence fishing, while industry relies on lakes as a source of water for winter transportation. Lake drainage events are often disruptive to both communities and industry that rely on being in close proximity to surface water sources in a region underlain by continuous permafrost. Drained lake basins of different ages can provide information on the past effects of climate change in the region. Studying past drainage events gives insight about the causes and mechanisms of these complex systems and benefits our understanding of lake evolution on the Arctic Coastal Plain in Alaska and the circumpolar Arctic as a whole.</p><p>Lakes and drained lake basins can be identified using high to medium resolution multispectral imagery from a range of satellite-based sensors. We explore the history of lake drainage in the region around Point Lay, a community located on the northern Chukchi Coast of Alaska, using a multi-source remote sensing approach. We study the evolution of lake basins before and after drainage events, their transformation from fishing grounds and water sources to grazing grounds and the geomorphological changes in the surrounding permafrost-dominated landscapes associated with these transitions.  </p><p>We build a dense and long time series of satellite imagery of past lake drainage events by including a multitude of remote sensing acquisitions from different sources into our analysis. Incorporating imagery from different sensors that have different temporal and spatial resolutions allows us to assess past drainage events and current geomorphological states of lakes and drained lake basins at different temporal and spatial scales. Point Lay is known to be an area where drainage events occur frequently and are of high relevance to the community. In August of 2016, the village drinking water source drained during a period of intense rainfall causing the village to seek alternative sources for a freshwater supply. Our results from the analysis of the remotely sensed imagery were shared directly with the community as part of a public seminar series in the Spring of 2020. We hope that results from our study near Point Lay, Alaska can contribute towards the selection of a new freshwater source lake for the village.</p>

scholarly journals X.—On the Sculptured Tympanum of a former Doorway in the Church of South Ferriby, Lincolnshire

Archaeologia ◽  
1882 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Charles Edward Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
General Plan ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Church

The village of South Ferriby is situate on the south bank of the Humber, and is the northernmost of a chain of small villages nearly all having names terminating in “by,” placed under or on the western escarpment of the Lincolnshire Wolds, where they approach the Humber, and overlook the valley through which flows the river Ancholme. The small parish church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is chiefly deserving of notice on account of its peculiar situation and plan, and for the curious early Romanesque doorhead or tympanum shown by the accompanying illustration (Fig. 1). The church is built on a level platform cut out about half way up the hill. It consists of a nave standing north, and south, with a small chancel projecting eastward and considerably above the level of the nave, a low tower occupying the north-east angle between the nave and chancel, and a west porch opposite the chancel. Judging from some window tracery still remaining, the church seems to be of fourteenth century date, but it has been subjected to numerous alterations culminating in a restoration, in which the chancel has been converted into a vestry and the altar placed at the north end of the nave, which has been lengthened and made precisely like a barn in its general plan and arrangement. It is said that at one time there was a kind of western aisle formed by oak posts and struts supporting a beam, but no traces of this remain in the present renovated nave.

Some Observations about the Romanesque Choir of Ely Cathedral

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
J. Philip Mcaleer
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Due to the collapse of the Romanesque central tower in 1322, the original eleventh-century choir of Ely Cathedral has been almost totally rebuilt. However, a few fragments remain to suggest something about its original form. The responds marking the entrance to the vanished apse are the major and most conspicuous survivors. Somewhat similar shafts at the west end of the choir, adjacent to the piers of the fourteenth-century Octagon, have recently been interpreted as evidence that the choir elevation possessed vertical articulation. A close examination of these western shafts reveals that they are actually fourteenth-century, not eleventh-century, masonry. The choir, therefore, most likely was, like the early south transept arm, not vertically articulated. It may also not have had alternating supports, unlike the transept. Other traces of the choir remain at gallery and clerestory levels. One of the most interesting fragments is located in the north clerestory, behind the respond of the lost apse. Here is found evidence of a newel stair in a position similar to one of a pair at nearby Peterborough Abbey, where they are associated with an apse, as was likely the case at Ely. These features, as well as the lack of a crypt, may further distance the choir of Ely from its supposed model, Winchester Cathedral, begun in 1079.

The peoples of Southern Mozambique: an historical survey

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Date ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Cultural Entity ◽  
The Village

The purpose of this article is to attempt to clarify some of the outstanding controversies in the historical and ethnographic literature on southern Mozambique. It contends that by the eighteenth century, three distinct ethnic groups— the Tsonga, Chopi, and Tonga—lived in the area. It seeks to demonstrate how and why these groups differed from each other, and how these differences affected the ethnographic map. It argues that state formation among the Tsonga began at an early date, largely because of influences emanating from the adjacent western plateau regions of south-central Africa. Most of the neighbouring Tonga peoples, however, were shielded from these influences, and did not evolve political units larger than the village authority. The exception to this generalization occurred in the south of the Tonga-speaking region, where peoples were subject to an invasion by groups of Shona origin. The resultant differences between the two Tonga-speaking groups were to be of extreme importance when both subsequently would be invaded by peoples of Tsonga origin. In the south the arrival of Tsonga speakers resulted in the formation of the Chopi; in the north Tsonga speakers absorbed and assimilated the Tonga, who might have disappeared as a distinct cultural entity had other factors not intervened before the process had been completed.

Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
ЛЕСЯ МУШКЕТИК
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Long Period ◽  
White Horse ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
Written Sources

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment. It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland - the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time - the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings - King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words - Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements. The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors - social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.

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