The Cerne Abbas Giant: 1764–1980

Antiquity ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (210) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Grinsell
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a major change in the internal iconography of the Giant since it was first illustrated in 1764. If, as is highly probable, that illustration was substantially correct, the navel has in the meantime, through the vicissitudes of periods of neglect alternating with renovations from time to time, ceased to have a separate existence and has become added to the penis, increasing the length of the latter by some 5 or 6 feet (1.5-1.8m). If the change did not originate with the renovation of 1887 when the Giant was cleaned by order of General Pitt-Rivers, it was certainly perpetuated under his direction.Apart from a reference to ‘illustrious Stanengs and his Cangick Giants’ (Gibbons, c. 1670), which is most unlikely to refer to the Cerne Giant, the earliest known definite allusion to this hill-figure was made by Francis Wise (1742, 48), who refrained from describing it in detail because he considered it preferable to leave the task to the Reverend John Hutchins, then working on his History of Dorset (1774 and later editions). The earliest known illustration to date was in the Gentleman’s Magazine for 1764 (FIG, I a), accompanying a letter addressed to the editor, ‘Silvanus Urban’, unsigned but apparently not by Hutchins, who had supplied slightly different measurements to William Stukeley in October the previous year (Lukis 1883, 129-33).

Entre Reforma e Contra-Reforma

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
António Moreira Teixeira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

By 1576, in order to obtain the censor’s permission to publish his two last treatises, the artist and philosopher Francisco de Holanda was forced to produce a major change in his conception of art. In an anticipation of the trend that was going to spread all over Europe some decades later, he agreed to replace his neo-platonic notion of an art of divine inspiration for a new conception of the artistic expression centred on the aristotelic caracterization of the human creative process. However, in doing that, Holanda paved the way for the development of a true methaphysics of art. In this article, the author intends to establish the network of philosophical influences that made possible this important change of course in the history of european aesthetics, as well as determine its implications.

scholarly journals First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20202318
Author(s):  
James P. Rule ◽  
Justin W. Adams ◽  
Felix G. Marx ◽  
Alistair R. Evans ◽  
Alan J. D. Tennyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Monk Seals

Living true seals (phocids) are the most widely dispersed semi-aquatic marine mammals, and comprise geographically separate northern (phocine) and southern (monachine) groups. Both are thought to have evolved in the North Atlantic, with only two monachine lineages—elephant seals and lobodontins—subsequently crossing the equator. The third and most basal monachine tribe, the monk seals, have hitherto been interpreted as exclusively northern and (sub)tropical throughout their entire history. Here, we describe a new species of extinct monk seal from the Pliocene of New Zealand, the first of its kind from the Southern Hemisphere, based on one of the best-preserved and richest samples of seal fossils worldwide. This unanticipated discovery reveals that all three monachine tribes once coexisted south of the equator, and forces a profound revision of their evolutionary history: rather than primarily diversifying in the North Atlantic, monachines largely evolved in the Southern Hemisphere, and from this southern cradle later reinvaded the north. Our results suggest that true seals crossed the equator over eight times in their history. Overall, they more than double the age of the north–south dichotomy characterizing living true seals and confirms a surprisingly recent major change in southern phocid diversity.

The practicability of FIGO 2000 staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. S. Ngan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia ◽  
Multicenter Trials ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

The FIGO 2000 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) staging and classification has recommended three major changes in the management of GTN. The criteria for diagnosis of GTN following molar pregnancy were defined. The methods used for investigation of spread of the disease were recommended. A major change in the concept of FIGO staging in adding risk scoring to anatomical staging is novel but considered essential to best reflect the behavior of this disease which is different from other solid tumors. The history of evolution of this staging and classification system and practical points in applying this system were discussed. If this system would be used worldwide, it would be a big leap in the management of GTN where results can be compared among different centers and large multicenter trials would be possible.

Indefinites and negation in the history of Latin

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-201
Author(s):  
Chiara Gianollo
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Extreme Dependence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Indefinites

This chapter is a study of Latin indefinites in direct-negation contexts. These indefinites are interesting from a theoretical point of view because of their extreme dependence on the surrounding structural conditions, and because of the variety of their instantiations in different linguistic systems. Two phenomena of Latin grammar with wide-ranging implications for the development of Romance indefinites are discussed: the syntax of negation and the diachronic pathways followed by indefinites interacting with it. Latin is a Double Negation language, whereas Early Romance exhibits Negative Concord. The study proposes that this typological shift is linked to another major change from Latin to Romance, namely the change from OV to VO. Late Latin is analyzed as a ‘concealed’ nonstrict Negative Concord language, in which restrictions in the use of the ‘old’ negative indefinites emerge, as well as new patterns with (new) negative-polarity items.

Incubation, birth and growth

Target ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Toury
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
History Of

Twenty years in the life of an academic journal is justification enough for stocktaking, be it ever so tentative; the more so as, in the case at hand, the anniversary coincides with a major change of editorship. I would also like to think that the time is ripe for some patting on the proverbial back, even if it is I who is both doing the patting as well as offering the back to be patted. In what follows, a series of half-baked observations evolving around Target’s first twenty years will be made towards a sociocultural account of the journal and its evolution in time, which, if and when completed, will no doubt constitute an important part of the history of our discipline, which is something we still miss.

Cretaceous

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hancock ◽  
P. F. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Floor Spreading ◽  
Sea Area

AbstractEarly CretaceousThe Cretaceous Period lasted for about 70 million years. During this time there was a major change in the sedimentary history of the area as tectonism died down and deposition started of an extensive blanket of coccolith ooze: the Chalk. The change took place mainly over a brief interval across the Albian/Cenomanian (Lower/Upper Cretaceous) boundary, at about 95 Ma. Until that time crustal extension along the Arctic-North Atlantic megarifts continued to influence the tectonic evolution of northwest Europe (Ziegler 1982, 1988). This tensional régime caused rifting and block faulting, particularly across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (Late Cimmerian movements) and in the mid Aptian (Austrian phase). During the latter phase, sea-floor spreading commenced in the Biscay and central Rockall Rifts. The northern part of the Rockall Rift began to widen too, possibly by crustal stretching rather than sea-floor spreading (Ziegler 1988, p. 75). During the Albian the regional pattern began to change and by the beginning of the Cenomanian rifting had effectively ceased away from the Rockall/Faeroe area.Most of the Jurassic sedimentary basins continued as depositional areas during the Early Cretaceous, but the more extensive preservation of Lower Cretaceous sediments provides firmer constraints on some of the geographical reconstructions. The marked sea-level fall across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary isolated the more southerly basins as areas of non-marine sedimentation, and it was not until the beginning of the Aptian that they became substantially marine.The extent of emergence of highs in the North Sea area is difficult to assess, especially where

Angāre and the Founding of the Progressive Writers' Association

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Urdu Literature ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
History Of

The book Angāre, a collection of ten short stories by Sajjād Ẓahīr, Rashīd Jahān, Aḥmed 'Alī and Maḥmūduzẓafar published in Lucknow in December 1932, marks a major turning point in the history of Urdu literature. Acting as a powerful catalyst, it initiated a major change in the form and content of Urdu literature and helped to lay the basis for the establishment of the Progressive Writers Association, the most significant Urdu literary movement of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Alois Alzheimer and Gaetano Perusini: Should Man Divide What Fate United?

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Macchi ◽  
C. Brahe ◽  
M. Pomponi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Neuritic Plaques ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Alois Alzheimer ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Three points of interest lie in considering how Alzheimer, and more significantly Perusini, struggled to throw light on the cause of this devastating disease. There is a stimulating possibility that Perusini believed presenile forms of Alzheimer’s disease described the same disease as senile forms. If so this would anticipate current opinion, and reveal Perusini to dissent from Kraepelin. In addition, Perusini may have understood the pathological relationship between neuritic plaques and vascular changes, once more foreseeing the modern view of Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, Perusini and Alzheimer disagreed with Jung's view concerning the relationship between neuropathology and clinical psychiatry. This point highlights the major change occurring at that time from classical neurology to the psychoanalytic era. In his last work (1911) Alzheimer quoted his Italian disciple many times, even speaking of ‘Perusini's cases’ (Perusinischen Fälle). This article is an attempt to change the eponym of Alzheimer’s disease into the Alzheimer-Perusini disease. This is a brief history of a master and his disciple, whose scientific lives were, by events, divided.

The Role of the State in the Regulation of Television Broadcasting in South Korea

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Ki-Sung Kwak
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Korean History ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

Television broadcasting in South Korea is experiencing a major change in its regulatory structure under the new government led by Kim Dae-Jung, who won the 1997 election as an opposition candidate for the first time in Korean history. Based on the review of the regulatory history of television broadcasting and its recent development in South Korea, this paper provides an overall background which explains the way in which the state has shaped and developed the regulatory structure of television broadcasting in Korea. It argues that the policies set in law and regulatory practice exercised by the state bureaucracy have not always been consistent or completely compatible. It concludes that this has been mainly because the government has been the sole player in establishing, framing and devising television broadcasting regulations.

Complicated History

2011 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
T. Nosenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Major Event ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The article deals with preconditions and implications of a major event in the history of international relations of our country, namely – the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Israel. This development, which took place in 1989, on the eve of the demise of the Soviet Union, must be viewed as a result of the general review of the whole system of interstate relationships that had dominated Moscow’s foreign policy for decades. It was part of a major change destined to restructure Russia’s role in the world community.

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