The Coppergate helmet

Antiquity ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (218) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Addyman ◽  
Nicholas Pearson ◽  
Dominic Tweddle
Keyword(s):  
York City ◽  
City Council ◽  
First Century ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
The Many ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
The City ◽  
Organic Remains

Coppergate, one of the many York streets with a name of Scandinavian derivation, runs through the heart of modern York, though it lies some way outside the Roman legionary fortress. Evidently the Roman Ouse Bridge had, by the Viking Age, been replaced by another, further downstream, and this had caused the city centre to shift. In the mid-1970s York City Council decided to clear and develop five of the long narrow properties which run back from Coppergate towards the nearby River Foss. York Archaeological Trust carried out preliminary investigations which showed that well-preserved Anglo-Scandinavian buildings were to be found on the site, with organic remains excellently preserved in the waterlogged deposits. The Trust therefore chose to excavate four of the tenements before development began. Five years of continuous work on the site produced an occupation sequence which began with timber buildings of the first century AD, canabae outside the Roman fortress.

Renovation Concept of Liepaja City Centre Construction after World War II

2015 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
City Council ◽  
City Centre ◽  
World War ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Rose

The port city Liepaja had gained recognition in Europe and the world by World War I. On the coast of the Baltic Sea a resort developed, to which around 1880 a wide promenade – Kurhaus Avenue provided a functional link between the finance and trade centre in Old Liepaja. On November 8, 1890 the building conditions for Liepaja, developed according to the sample of Riga building regulations, were partly confirmed: the construction territory was divided into districts of wooden and stone buildings. In 1888 after the reconstruction of the trade canal Liepaja became the third most significant port in the Russian Empire. The railway (engineer Gavriil Semikolenov; 1879) and metal bridges (engineers Huten and Ruktesel; 1881) across the trade canal provided the link between Old Liepaja and the industrial territory in New Liepaja, where industrial companies and building of houses developed in the neighbourhood of the railway hub, but in spring 1899 the construction of a ten-kilometre long street electric railway line and power station was commenced. Since September 25 the tram movement provided a regular traffic between Naval Port (Latvian: Karosta), the residential and industrial districts in New Liepaja and the city centre in Old Liepaja. In 1907 the construction of the ambitious “Emperor Alexander’s III Military Port” and maritime fortress was completed, but already in the following year the fortress was closed. In the new military port there were based not only the navy squadrons of the Baltic Sea, but also the Pacific Ocean before sending them off in the war against Japan. The development of Liepaja continued: promenades, surrounded by Dutch linden trees, joined squares and parks in one united plantation system. On September 20, 1910 Liepaja City Council made a decision to close the New Market and start modernization of the city centre. In 1911 Liepaja obtained its symbol – the Rose Square. In the independent Republic of Latvia the implementation of the agrarian reform was started and the task to provide inhabitants with flats was set. Around 1927 in the Technical Department of Liepaja City the development of the master-plan was started: the territory of the city was divided into the industrial, commercial, residential and resort zone, which was greened. It was planned to lengthen Lord’s (Latvian: Kungu) Street with a dam, partly filling up Lake Liepaja in order to build the water-main and provide traffic with the eastern bank. The passed “Law of City Lands” and “Regulations for City Construction and Development of Construction Plans and Development Procedure” in Latvia Republic in 1928 promoted a gradual development of cities. In 1932 Liepaja received the radio transmitter. On the northern outskirts a sugar factory was built (architect Kārlis Bikše; 1933). The construction of the city centre was supplemented with the Latvian Society House (architect Kārlis Blauss and Valdis Zebauers; 1934-1935) and Army Economical Shop (architect Aleksandrs Racenis), as well as the building of a pawnshop and saving bank (architect Valdis Zebauers; 1936-1937). The hotel “Pēterpils”, which became the property of the municipality in 1936, was renamed as the “City Hotel” and it was rebuilt in 1938. In New Liepaja the Friendly Appeal Elementary school was built (architect Karlis Bikše), but in the Naval Officers Meeting House was restored and it was adapted for the needs of the Red Cross Bone Tuberculosis Sanatorium (architect Aleksandrs Klinklāvs; 1930-1939). The Soviet military power was restored in Latvia and it was included in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the World War II buildings in the city centre around the Rose Square and Great (Latvian: Lielā) Street were razed. When the war finished, the “Building Complex Scheme for 1946-1950” was developed for Liepaja. In August 1950 the city was announced as closed: the trade port was adapted to military needs. Neglecting the historical planning of the city, in 1952 the restoration of the city centre building was started, applying standard projects. The restoration of Liepaja City centre building carried out during the post-war period has not been studied. Research goal: analyse restoration proposals for Liepaja City centre building, destroyed during World War II, and the conception appropriate to the socialism ideology and further development of construction.

New York: The Great Anomaly

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mollenkopf
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Council ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Minority Interests ◽  
The City

Rufus Browning, Dale Marshall, and David Tabb present some straightforward and convincing theses in their admirable workProtest Is Not Enough. Urban policy responsiveness to minority interests, they argue, depends not so much on the direct impact of protest as on the advent of a dominant liberal coalition in which blacks and Hispanics have some role. Where such coalitions have not succeeded, racial exclusion and policy resistance tend to hold sway. Where blacks or Hispanics have played a leading role in bringing such a coalition to power, or in Browning, Marshall and Tabb's terms where political incorporation has been greatest, then policy results favor minority interests. Political incorporation depends on protest and electoral mobilization among blacks and Hispanics combined with favorable white attitudes toward minority interests. The size of the minority community and its leadership capacity in turn explain minority political mobilization.By these propositions, New York City should be characterized by substantial black and Hispanic political incorporation and the resulting targeting of policy outputs on minority interests. In the 1980 Census, New York's population was 23.9% black and 19.9% Hispanic; these numbers may have been substantially undercounted. In any case, two-thirds of a decade later New York is clearly a majority minority city. Black political participation dates from Adam Clayton Powell and Benjamin Davis' election to the city council in 1941 and 1943. The first Puerto Rican assemblyman was elected on the Republican and American Labor Party lines in 1938. Subsequently, both groups have had a long and sophisticated history of political participation. From the 1960s onward, a new generation of leadership led both groups to assert their political demands more strongly. The Lindsay administration afforded a national model of how a new liberal coalition could experiment with new forms of political incorporation. Voting in state and national elections would suggest the city is on the liberal end of the urban political spectrum. In short, by Western lights New York should be a model of strong minority incorporation and the consequent targeting of city policies toward minority interests. The problem, however, is that New York City has not incorporated minorities and, depending on what indicators are chosen, has not produced policies that are especially aimed toward minorities.

scholarly journals Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Jānis Kleperis ◽  
Biruta Sloka ◽  
Justs Dimants ◽  
Ilze Dimanta ◽  
Jānis Kleperis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
City Council ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The City

Abstract The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles. From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.

scholarly journals Identification of Urban Park Quality in Taman Indonesia Kaya, Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Intan Muning Harjanti
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Cultural Arts ◽  
Activity Factor ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Sorting System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cleanliness Factor ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Toilets

Based on observations and the results of the analysis, it was shown that Taman Indonesia Kaya already fulfilled the quality park standards. In the aspect of needs, the comfort factor has been fulfilled by the presence of park benches and garden lights in good condition, the cleanliness factor has been fulfilled by the existence of a trash with a sorting system, public toilets and disabled toilets in a clean condition, health factors have been fulfilled with the presence of acid trees, pandanus leaves and canna flowers, and safety factors have been fulfilled with the availability of a monitor bench gazebo and lighting lamps that function optimally. In the aspect of rights, the accessibility factor has been fulfilled, because of its strategic location and is in the city centre and traversed by the Trans Semarang route, the freedom of activity factor have been fulfilled by the existence of a fountain garden, cultural stage and green space, and the diversity of activity factors have been fulfilled by the existence of the Pandawa park , mural gates, fountain shows, cultural arts performances, and various paintings. In the meanings aspect, the place clarity factor is indicated by the presence of information boards and signage that are scattered in the corner of the park, and the sociability factor have been fulfilled by the many of spaces in the park area that can be used for socializing, such as: paving fields, sidewalks, green spaces , and the cultural stage. 

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY HEADQUARTERS OF THE CITY OF КRALJEVO IN THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
PREDRAG TERZIĆ
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
The City ◽  
Work Method

The article deals with a detailed analysis of measures taken in the territory of the city of Kraljevo during the state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia (March 15- May 6, 2020) caused by the epidemic of COVID-19 virus, as well as the achieved results. The greatest success was achieved in the field of prevention, where the City Emergency Headquarters played the crucial role by focusing on the Plan for Prevention and Treatment in Case of Epidemics-Pandemics, adopted at the City Council session held on March 26, 2020. This is the first document concerning prevention and treatment from infection with the COVID-19 virus, which was adopted by a local self-government unit in Serbia. In addition to the basic ones, the activities of the City Headquarters are also researched in two special dimensions: 1) vertical, which concerns the coordination of activities with the competent republic institutions; 2) horizontal, which refers to professional and material assistance to other local self-government units through the Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities. The author concludes that several interrelated factors were of crucial importance in the prevention and reduction of the possibility of contracting the COVID-19 virus in the territory of the city of Kraljevo: 1) the document Plan for Prevention and Treatment in Case of Epidemics-Pandemics; as a type of legal basis for the functioning of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations 2) the work method of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations, which timely and strategically directed the activities of all entities involved in the prevention of the spread of the virus; 3) coordination of activities of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations with republic institutions and harmonization of actions with measures of the Government of the Republic of Serbia; 4) consistent and continuous work of the The Emergency Situations City Headquarters on the maximum engagement of the capacities of all city services and republic bodies on the territory of the city of Kraljevo in the function of preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus infection.

Una storia utile. Il Palazzo del Podestŕ di Mantova

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Juri Badalini ◽  
Luca Valisi ◽  
Davide del Curto ◽  
Marco Cofani ◽  
Verena Frignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

- The ancient municipal palaces of mediaeval origin define the structure and image of the city centre of Mantua where they deserve better treatment after being progressively abandoned during the course of the 20th Century. The city administration, in co-operation with the conservation authority, started a programme in 2006 for the integrated restoration of more than 200 interiors in the Palace of Podestŕ and it gave the university the task of organising a project to acquire information on these buildings and help identify potential new uses. The paper presents a summary of the studies on the palace, surveys, diagnostic investigations and historical and archive research started more than a decade ago by the late Arturo Sandrini, designed to document and restore this complex which is a true and genuine repository of historical and archaeological information in the heart of the city. Behind the veil of the façades, recomposed after 1461 by Giovan Antonio d'Arezzo and repaired during restoration work in the last century, lies a dense stratification of continuous modifications, at times stately and at times humble, a background against which the still valuable mediaeval fragments stand out. The results include the identification of the many construction and distributive details, the fruit of difficult construction work over many centuries, and the characterisation of the conservation and restoration constraints which the final design will have to work with in a delicate balance between the requirements of conservation and those of public use.

Mary Elmes Bridge. An urban pedestrian bridge, from concept to opening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sanchez Sanchez ◽  
Robert Ryan ◽  
Simon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Variable Depth ◽  
Shallow Arch ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Pedestrian Bridge ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
The City

<p>Mary Elmes bridge is a new 66m single span pedestrian and cyclist bridge opened in Cork in July 2019. In September 2016, Cork City Council launched a design competition for a single span low level bridge as part of its key objective to encourage greater sustainable travel in the form of walking and cycling within the city Centre. The overriding challenge was to deliver a considered design - sympathetic to the existing fabric of the city and easy to install within the confined urban environment.</p><p>The solution was a visually appealing design; a slender, 66-metre steel shallow arch, establishing a connective dialogue with its surrounds and compliant with challenging flooding and visual requirements. The structural system is a fully integral, single span with variable depth, central steel box girder and variable width cantilevered walkways. The concept adopts a clever strategy to integrate at grade landings with existing footpath levels while making the structure compatible with future city flood defenses.</p>

Marie Maynard Daly

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Brown
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
African American Woman ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Hunter College ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Dr. Marie Maynard Daly was the first African American woman chemist to receive a PhD in chemistry. In addition, she was part of a research team that was working on the precursors to DNA . Marie was born Marie Maynard Daly on April 16, 1921, to Ivan C. Daly and Helen Page, the first of three children. Her father, who had emigrated from the West Indies, received a scholarship from Cornell University to study chemistry; however, he had to drop out because he could not pay his room and board, and he became a postal worker. Daly’s interest in science came from her father’s encouragement and the desire to live his dream.” He later encouraged his daughter to pursue his dream, even though she was a woman and had brothers who were twins. In the 1920s, as a result of the women’s suffrage movement, some women began to aspire to achievement in areas outside the domestic sphere. Marie’s mother encouraged reading and spent many hours reading to her and her brothers. Marie’s maternal grandfather had an extensive library, including books about scientists, such as The Microbe Hunters by Paul De Kruff; she read that book and many others like it. Growing up in Queens, one of the boroughs of New York City, she attended the local public school, where she excelled. She was able to attend Hunter College High School, an all girls’ school affiliated with Hunter College for women. Since this was a laboratory school for Hunter College, the faculty encouraged the girls to excel in their studies. Since Marie had an aptitude for science, the teachers there encouraged her to study college-level chemistry while still in high school. One of the many advantages of living in New York City during that time was that students who had good grades could enter one of the tuition-free colleges run by the City of New York. As a result, Daly enrolled in Queens College, then one of the newest institutions in the City College system, in Flushing, New York.

scholarly journals Investigating urban space: Potential urban green space in dense city of Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Dyah Widiyastuti ◽  
Bagus Mudiantoro ◽  
Lilik Andriyani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
City Council ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The City ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Urban green space (UGS) is essential for the city to ensure sustainability. The provision of adequate USG, however, is challenging over time, particularly at the city centre area. This study aims to offer a possible framework to identify UGS and assess the potential share from the vacant land into green space using descriptive analysis of remote sensing and secondary data. A case study is applied to assess the UGS and potential area in Yogyakarta City. The result shows that the built-up area in Yogyakarta City is covered around 85% of the total while the UGS remains halved within less than a decade. In addition, the field visit shows a potential UGS on 16.00 ha from the private vacant land. The application of the framework provides a tool for the city council in maintaining and monitoring the land cover, including identifying the UGS throughout the city. Imposing the regulation on vacant land might encourage the private sector involvement and offers less effort to the city council in providing UGS.

Brazil: Celso Garcia, 787 Building Restoration for Social Housing Purposes

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Marcelo Kehdi Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Adelcke Rossetto Netto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Bank Branch ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Work Cooperative ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Celso Garcia, 787, one of the many derelict buildings in the centre of São Paulo, was converted into housing for 84 low-income families. Members of the ULC popular housing movement occupied the vacant former bank branch and, with technical support from the Integra Interdisciplinary Work Cooperative, converted the building into affordable apartments. The project works toward the reversal of the process of exodus from the city centre, proposing housing alternatives in central areas that have lost part of their population in the last several years yet remain rich in urban infrastructure.

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