Changes in intestinal microbiota and humoral immune response following probiotic administration in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

We studied the effect of several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the humoral response of brown trout (Salmo trutta). LAB groups (Lactococcus(Lc.)lactisssp.lactis,Lactobacillus(Lb.)sakeiandLeuconostoc(Leu.)mesenteroides) were administered orally at 106colony-forming units/g feed to brown trout for 2 weeks, after which fish were switched to an unsupplemented feed. Blood and intestinal samples were taken from the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. During the LAB-feeding period,Lc. lactisssp.lactis,Lb. sakeiandLeu. mesenteroidespersisted in the fish intestines, but the number of LAB slowly decreased in the intestines after changing to the unsupplemented diet. OnlyLb. lactisssp.lactisandLeu. mesenteroideswere detected at levels above 1 × 102colony-forming units/g at the end of the fourth week. In comparison to untreated control fish, the alternative complement activity in the serum was found to be significantly greater in all LAB groups at the end of the second week. Groups supplemented withLc. lactisssp.lactisandLeu. mesenteroidesexhibited an elevated level of lysozyme activity at the end of the third week, but the group supplemented withLb. sakeidid not exhibit any significant change in lysozyme activity. Serum immunoglobulin levels were higher compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between the LAB and control groups.

Download Full-text

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-011-0065-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Kurhalyuk ◽

H. Tkachenko ◽

K. Pałczyńska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Tbars Level ◽

Reactive Substance ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

Download Full-text

High Rate of Deformed Larvae among Gynogenetic Brown Trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) Doubled Haploids

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2975187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Krzysztof Jagiełło ◽

Tomasz Zalewski ◽

Stefan Dobosz ◽

Oliwia Michalik ◽

Konrad Ocalewicz

Keyword(s):

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Doubled Haploids ◽

High Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Spinal Deformities ◽

Spine Deformities ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Subsequent Exposure ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Mitotic gynogenesis results in the production of fully homozygous individuals in a single generation. Since inbred fish were found to exhibit an increased frequency of body deformations that may affect their survival, the main focus of this research was to evaluate the ratio of individuals with spinal deformities among gynogenetic doubled haploids (DHs) brown trout as compared to nonmanipulated heterozygous individuals. Gynogenetic development was induced by the activation of brown trout eggs by UV-irradiated homologous and heterologous (rainbow trout) spermatozoa. The subsequent exposure of the activated eggs to the high hydrostatic pressure disturbed the first cleavage in gynogenetic zygotes and enabled duplication of the maternal haploid set of chromosomes. The survival rate was significantly higher among gynogenetic brown trout hatched from eggs activated with the homologous UV-irradiated spermatozoa when compared to DHs hatched from eggs activated by the heterologous spermatozoa. More than 35% of the gynogenetic larvae exhibited body deformities, mostly lordosis and scoliosis. The percentage of malformed brown trout from the control group did not exceed 15%. The increased number of deformed larvae among DHs brown trout suggested rather a genetic background of the disease related to the fish spine deformities; however, both genetic and environmental factors were discussed as a cause of such conditions in fish.

Download Full-text

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth and condition along a winter thermal gradient in temperate streams

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2016-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 56-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W.E. French ◽

B. Vondracek ◽

L.C. Ferrington ◽

J.C. Finlay ◽

D.J. Dieterman

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Thermal Regime ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Stream Water ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Late Winter ◽

Caloric Density ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Winter harshness and the degree to which it can impact stream-dwelling salmonid populations has received considerable attention from fisheries biologists, although some debate exists regarding the importance of winter severity for local populations. Groundwater input may buffer stream water temperature and benefit fish in buffered versus unbuffered streams. Overwinter growth and condition of individual brown trout were measured in 24 groundwater-dominated streams, and the relations between winter growth and condition to stream thermal regime (quantified by regressions of air and water temperature) and diet quality (amount and caloric density of prey) were examined in a subset of 16 streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth rate (mg·g−1·day−1) was positive overwinter in 18 of 24 streams, and there was no significant change in condition between early and late winter. Juvenile fish grew faster than adults, but there was no significant difference in condition between adults and juveniles. Thermal regime positively influenced winter growth for both adults and juveniles, likely mediated through moderation of water temperature by groundwater, whereas diet had no significant effect on growth.

Download Full-text

Piscine Orthoreovirus 3 Is Not the Causative Pathogen of Proliferative Darkening Syndrome (PDS) of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11020112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Robert Fux ◽

Daniela Arndt ◽

Martin Langenmayer ◽

Julia Schwaiger ◽

Hermann Ferling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Sequencing ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Pathogen Detection ◽

Control Fish ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Diseased Fish ◽

Exposure Experiment ◽

Salmo Trutta Fario

The proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS) is a lethal disease of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) which occurs in several alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. Because mortality can reach 100%, PDS is a serious threat for affected fish populations. Recently, Kuehn and colleagues reported that a high throughput RNA sequencing approach identified a piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) as a causative agent of PDS. We investigated samples from PDS-affected fish obtained from two exposure experiments performed at the river Iller in 2008 and 2009. Using a RT-qPCR and a well-established next-generation RNA sequencing pipeline for pathogen detection, PRV-specific RNA was not detectable in PDS fish from 2009. In contrast, PRV RNA was readily detectable in several organs from diseased fish in 2008. However, similar virus loads were detectable in the control fish which were not exposed to Iller water and did not show any signs of the disease. Therefore, we conclude that PRV is not the causative agent of PDS of brown trout in the rhithral region of alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. The abovementioned study by Kuehn used only samples from the exposure experiment from 2008 and detected a subclinical PRV bystander infection. Work is ongoing to identify the causative agent of PDS.

Download Full-text

A comparison between the helminth burdens of male and female brown trout, Salmo trutta L., from a natural population in the River Teify, West Wales

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000067901 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 263-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

J. D. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Male And Female ◽

Ecological Resistance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Sexually Mature ◽

Age And Sex

Nine hundred and five brown trout were collected from the River Teify, West Wales, over a period of 12 months and their helminth infestations are considered in relation to the age and sex of the host and season.Only one statistically significant difference could be detected between levels of infestation in male and female trout of 1 and 2 years of age.When trout of 3 years of age and over were spawning or recovering from the effects of spawning there is a tendency for sexually mature females to be more heavily infested with some parasites than the males. During the season of growth and maturation of the gonads this trend was reversed or became less marked. In the case of fish that were not spent or spawning the statistically significant differences showed the males to be more heavily infested than the females.The possible reasons for these variations are discussed with particular reference to the roles of ‘physiological’ and ‘behavioural’ or ecological resistance'.

Download Full-text

Study of Heavy Metals Pollution and Vitellogenin Levels in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta trutta) Wild Fish Populations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4965

Author(s):

Carmine Merola ◽

Angelo Bisegna ◽

Giovanni Angelozzi ◽

Annamaria Conte ◽

Maria Cesarina Abete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Direct Mercury Analyzer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Mercury Analyzer ◽

High Concentrations

The objectives of this research were, first, to determine the concentrations of certain heavy metals in the edible tissue of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta) from two different rivers located in the Abruzzi region (Italy), and then, to investigate the levels of variation in vitellogenin (VTG) associated with the presence of metalloestrogens. VTG is an effective indicator for endocrine disturbance, and an increase in the vitellogenin levels in male fish is widely employed as a biomarker of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic environment. The muscles of the trout were analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Al, and Zn using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and Hg was measured using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80). The calculated values of the condition factor confirmed a healthy status for this species, indicating that the aquatic habit in both rivers is suitable for brown trout life. No significant difference in the concentrations of each metal were reported between the trout from the two rivers, and no significant difference for VTG levels were found between male and female fish. It is interesting to note the high concentrations of Al/Zn, while the Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations in all of the samples were lower than those established by the European Commission.

Download Full-text