scholarly journals UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: carbohydrate and cardiovascular risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1688-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Peacock ◽  
John Stanley ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Frank Thies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Workshop Report ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
The Uk

This report summarises a workshop convened by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) on 14 October 2008 to discuss current FSA-funded research on carbohydrates and cardiovascular health. The objective of this workshop was to discuss the results of recent research and to identify any areas which could inform future FSA research calls. This workshop highlighted that the FSA is currently funding some of the largest, well-powered intervention trials investigating the type of fat and carbohydrate, whole grains and fruit and vegetables, on various CVD risk factors. Results of these trials will make a substantive contribution to the evidence on diet and cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Neighborhood crime is differentially associated with cardiovascular risk factors as a function of race and sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie R. Sprung ◽  
Lauren M.D. Faulkner ◽  
Michele K. Evans ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
Shari R. Waldstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background: Neighborhood crime may be an important factor contributing to cardiovascular health disparities, and these relations may vary by race and sex. The present investigation evaluated (a) potential differential associations between neighborhood crime and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors within subgroups of African American (AA) and White men and women, and (b) potential mediation by negative affect. Design and Methods: Participants were 1,718 AAs and Whites (58% AA; 54% female; 59% above poverty; ages 30-64 years) living Baltimore, Maryland who completed the first wave of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study from 2004-2009. CVD risk factors included body mass index, total serum cholesterol, glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A negative affect composite was comprised of self-reported depression, anxiety, anger, vigilance, and perceived stress. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations between per capita overall and violent crime rates, negative affect, and CVD risk factors. Results: There were significant associations of greater overall crime rate with higher fasting glucose (b=.192, P<0.05), and greater violent crime rate with higher systolic (b=86.50, P<0.05) and diastolic (b=60.12, P<0.05) blood pressure in AA women, but not men. These associations were not explained by negative affect. In Whites, there were no significant associations of overall or violent crime rates with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: AA women may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of crime on cardiovascular risk. Preventative efforts aimed toward this group may help to deter the detrimental effects that living in a high crime area may have on one’s cardiovascular health.

Abstract P358: Consumption of Better Quality Grain Products and Fat Sources is Associated With the Greatest Increments in Diet Quality for US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Sullivan ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Fulya Eren ◽  
Martha E Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Total Diet

Introduction: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 quantifies alignment with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans by scoring and totaling 13 components. Higher scores have been associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The contributions of individual components toward total diet quality and associations with health in American adults have not been determined. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the individual HEI-2015 components would differentially contribute to total diet quality and correlate with CVD risk factors in U.S. adults. Methods: Non-pregnant, non-lactating adult participants (age 19+ years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2016 with at least one reliable 24-hour dietary recall were included in the analysis (n=39,799). Total and component HEI-2015 scores were calculated per person using a single recall. Linear regression models accounting for the complex sampling design were used to assess associations between total and component HEI-2015 scores and CVD risk factors after adjustment for potential confounders. Significance of beta coefficients was defined by p<0.01. Results: Total HEI-2015 score was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; ß±SE, 0.10±0.01 mg/dL) and inversely associated with BMI (-0.05±0 kg/m 2 ), waist circumference (WC; -0.13±0.01 cm), systolic blood pressure (SBP; -0.04±0.01 mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; -0.09±0.03 mg/dL), triglycerides (-0.20±0.08 mg/dL), fasting glucose (-0.05±0.02 mg/dL), and insulin (-0.03±0.01 μU/mL). All component scores increased with total score. The Whole Grains and Fatty Acid Ratio components made the greatest contributions (both +0.12 points or 12%) to each one-unit increase in HEI-2015, followed by moderation components Refined Grains and Saturated Fat (both +0.11 or 11%). Increases in the Fatty Acid Ratio score were explained by decreasing saturated fat (-1.67 g/unit, 95% CI: -1.73 to -1.61) and increasing polyunsaturated fat (PUFA; 1.17 g/unit, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.22); increases in monounsaturated fats were relatively small (0.18 g/unit, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.25). The predominant PUFA was linoleic acid, which increased 1.06 g/unit (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.11). Scores for grain-related components were favorably associated with BMI, WC, SBP and HDL-C; fat quality components were inversely associated with BMI, WC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Diet quality is favorably associated with several CVD risk factors. Approximately 50% of each 1-point increase in HEI-2015 is related to the quality of grain-based products and fat sources. Choosing whole grains instead of refined grains, and PUFA in place of saturated fats, is associated with improvements in diet quality and cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals The Use of Sex-Specific Factors in the Assessment of Women’s Cardiovascular Risk

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandita Agarwala ◽  
Erin D. Michos ◽  
Zainab Samad ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
Salim S. Virani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. As compared with men, women are less likely to be diagnosed appropriately, receive preventive care, or be treated aggressively for CVD. Sex differences between men and women have allowed for the identification of CVD risk factors and risk markers that are unique to women. The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Multi-Society cholesterol guideline and 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline on the primary prevention of CVD introduced the concept of risk-enhancing factors that are specific to women and are associated with an increased risk of incident atherosclerotic CVD in women. These factors, if present, would favor more intensified lifestyle interventions and consideration of initiation or intensification of statin therapy for primary prevention to mitigate the increased risk. In this primer, we highlight sex-specific CVD risk factors in women, stress the importance of eliciting a thorough obstetrical and gynecological history during cardiovascular risk assessment, and provide a framework for how to initiate appropriate preventive measures when sex-specific risk factors are present.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

Cycling to School and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bo Andersen ◽  
Niels Wedderkopp ◽  
Peter Kristensen ◽  
Niels Christian Moller ◽  
Karsten Froberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
Risk Factor Score

Background:Cycling to school may potentially increase physical activity level in sedentary children. Transport to school occur twice a day and could improve cardiovascular health in children. Commuter cycling is associated with lower mortality and cardiovascular disease rate in adults, but limited evidence exists in children.Methods:Participants were 334 children (age 9.7 ± 0.5 years) who were followed up 6 years later. Mode of travel to school was investigated by questionnaire. Cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors were compared by mode of travel to school both at baseline and at follow up and for subjects who changed mode of transportation. No difference was found between walkers and passive travelers, and these groups were merged in the analysis.Results:A consistent pattern of better CVD risk factor profile in commuter cyclists compared with children using other means of transport was found. Participants, who did not cycle to school at baseline, and who had changed to cycling at follow up, were fitter, had better cholesterol/HDL ratio, better glucose metabolism, and a lower composite CVD risk factor score than those who did not cycle at either time point.Conclusion:Cycling to school may contribute to a better cardiovascular risk factor profile in young people.

scholarly journals Using Cluster Analysis to Explore Associations between Cardiovascular Risk and Lifestyle Factors in a Workplace Wellness Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Heather Carter-Templeton ◽  
Gary Templeton ◽  
Barbara Ann Graves ◽  
Leslie G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workplace Wellness ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States with risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, age, genetics, and unhealthy diets. A university-based workplace wellness program (WWP) consisting of an annual biometric screening assessment with targeted, individualized health coaching was implemented in an effort to reduce these risk factors while encouraging and nurturing ideal cardiovascular health.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the prevalence of single and combined, or multiple, CVD risk factors within a workplace wellness dataset.Methods: Cluster analysis was used to determine CVD risk factors within biometric screening data (BMI, waist circumference, LDL, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, blood glucose age, ethnicity, and gender) collected during WWP interventions.Results: The cluster analysis provided visualizations of the distributions of participants having specific CVD risk factors. Of the 8,802 participants, 1,967 (22.4%) had no CVD risk factor, 1,497 (17%) had a single risk factor, and 5,529 (60.5%) had two or more risk factors. The majority of sample members are described as having more than one CVD risk factor with 78% having multiple.Conclusion: Cluster analysis demonstrated utility and efficacy in categorizing participant data based on their CVD risk factors. A baseline analysis of data was captured and provided understanding and awareness into employee health and CVD risk. This process and analysis facilitated WWP planning to target and focus on education to promote ideal cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1392-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden M Barrett ◽  
Birdem Amoutzopoulos ◽  
Marijka J Batterham ◽  
Sumantra Ray ◽  
Eleanor J Beck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Reactive Protein

AbstractObjective:To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.Design:Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.Setting:The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008–2014.Participants:A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults.Results:Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist–hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist–hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.

Abstract 12788: Adiponectin Modulates the Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Obesity: Results From the Framingham Offspring Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimjai Anthanont ◽  
Yanhua Zhou ◽  
Bela F Asztalos ◽  
Masumi Ai ◽  
Seiko Otokozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hdl Subfractions ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Hs Crp

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the interrelationships of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with obesity, lipoproteins and their subfractions, markers of glucose homeostasis, and the inflammation markers adiponectin, and C reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods: We measured fasting plasma lipids, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, HDL subfractions, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP in 2,691 male and female participants (median age 58 years) in cycle 6 of the Framingham Offspring Study. We carried out univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: In both men and women the presence of obesity compared to those of normal weight was significantly (P<0.05) associated with: 1) a 60% increase in the prevalence of CVD, 2) a two to three fold higher prevalence of major CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and low HDL-C < 40 mg/dL), 3) a doubling of plasma levels of hsCRP, insulin, and triglycerides, 4) increased sdLDL-C, and 5) significant decreases in adiponectin and the levels of apoA-I in very large protective α-1 HDL. Surprisingly there was no relationship of obesity with levels of LDL-C in men. By multivariate analysis, in both men and women, adiponectin level emerged as the statistically most important parameter determining the variability of HDL-C and apoA-I levels in very large α-1 HDL, and sdLDL-C, while for systolic blood pressure age was the most important determinant, and for hsCRP levels it was plasma insulin levels. Interestingly over half of obese subjects were not hypertensive or prediabetic, and less than 20% had premature CVD or diabetes. By tertile analysis in obese subjects, low adiponectin was associated with a doubling of the prevalence of diabetes, and significant increases in triglycerides, and sdLDL-C (men only), and significant decreases in HDL-C and apoA-I in large α-1 HDL. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors increases with body mass index, and that the level of circulating adiponectin is a significant determinant of cardiovascular risk, especially diabetes prevalence, and levels of LDL and HDL subfractions in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Changes to cardiovascular risk factors over 7 years: a prospective cohort study of in situ urbanised residents in the Chaoyang District of Beijing

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e033548
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Shicheng Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Han ◽  
Jianjun Liu ◽  
Hongyan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Rural Residents

ObjectivesTo examine changes in cardiovascular risk factors of in situ urbanised residents between 2010 and 2017.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingThe Chaoyang District of Beijing, China.ParticipantsA total of 942 in situ urbanised rural residents aged 35–64 who participated in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors study in China between 2010 and 2017.Main outcome measuresLifestyles (smoking, drinking and effective exercise) and medical history (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, overweight and obesity) were self-reported. New cases of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, overweight and obesity were confirmed by physical examination or blood biochemical tests. Multiple linear regression and log-binomial models analyses adjusted for sociodemographic confounders were conducted to evaluate any changes of clinical indexes and to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs), respectively.ResultsDuring the study period of 2010–2017, diastolic blood pressure elevated by 3.55 mm Hg, central blood pressure increased by 4.39 mm Hg, total cholesterol decreased by 0.29 mmol/L and hypertension increased significantly (PRR=1.25, p<0.05) after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and family history factors. Effective exercise rate (PRR=1.57), prevalence of diabetes (PRR=1.36) and dyslipidaemia (PRR=1.19) all increased from 2010 to 2017. However, these changes were not significant after adjusting for confounders (p>0.05). Prevalence of smoking, drinking, hypertension, overweight and obesity was significantly higher in males than females in both 2010 and 2017. In 2017, the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic CVD increased in 29.8% of participants and decreased in 6.1% of individuals.ConclusionsCVD risk factors augmented remarkably for in situ urbanised rural residents aged 35–64 in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, especially those indicators related to blood pressure. Awareness of the direction and magnitude of these risk factor changes may be beneficial in informing targeted strategies for preventing CVDs of in situ urbanised populations.

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Vitamin K Status and Cardiovascular Disease (OR33-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kyla Shea ◽  
Daniel Weiner ◽  
Gregory Matuszek ◽  
Sarah Booth ◽  
Kathryn Barger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests low vitamin K status may be associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with CVD risk factors. The objective of this study was to summarize the association between vitamin K status and CVD, overall and according to baseline CVD risk, by conducting a participant-level meta-analysis using data from the Framingham Offspring Study, the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC), and the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Circulating phylloquinone (vitamin K1), measured from baseline fasting blood samples, was categorized as ≤0.5 nM, >0.5 - ≤1.0 nM and >1.0 nM. CVD was defined as confirmed ischemic heart disease, angina, resuscitated cardiac arrest, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between circulating phylloquinone and incident CVD overall and stratified according to baseline CVD risk factors. Results Among the 3622 participants (mean (SD) baseline age 65 (11), 45% men, 65% white), there were 785 CVD events over a median of 13.0 years. Overall the risk for CVD did not differ significantly according to circulating phylloquinone categories [HR(95%CI) for CVD, compared to plasma phylloquinone >1.0 nM: ≤0.5 nM = 1.15 (0.96–1.38); >0.5 - ≤1.0 nM = 0.99 (0.84–1.18)]. However, lower circulating phylloquinone was associated with higher incident CVD risk in those with diabetes, with a normal BMI, and in women (Table). Conclusions Overall, we did not detect any significant differences in CVD risk across circulating phylloquinone categories in community-dwelling adults. However, low circulating phylloquinone was associated with a higher CVD risk among certain sub-groups, but additional studies are needed to clarify if improving vitamin K status will benefit the cardiovascular health of certain segments of the population. Funding Sources Supported by NHLBI R21HL133421 and the USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement (58‐1950‐7‐707). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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