Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

The Effect of Varied Dietary Grains on Plasma Lipid Profiles, Gut Transit Time, and Aorta Histopathology in Experimental Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Kim ◽  
Lee ◽  
Kim ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
White Rice

This study was designed to investigate the influence of natural brown and black rice consumption on plasma lipid parameters, transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats fed different combinations of grains. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups and raised for eight weeks with diets containing white rice (WR), white rice and brown rice (WRBR), white rice and black rice (WRBL), brown rice and black rice (BRBL), or wheat flour (WH). Gut transit time was the shortest in the BRBL group, and was longer in the order of WRBL, WRBR, WR, and WH group. Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to the grain combination. The BRBL group had the lowest levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the highest plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration among all groups. The aortic wall thickness hatro for body weight was lower in rats in order of BRBL, WRBR, WH, WRBL, and WR group. In conclusion, black rice and brown rice have anti-atherogenic effects by decreasing plasma lipide profiles and attenuating the thickness of the aortic wall.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary fatty acid composition on the hepatic fatty acid content and plasma lipid profile in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Tomáš Komprda ◽  
Veronika Rozíková ◽  
Barbora Němcová ◽  
Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecký
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid

The objective of the present study was to evaluate in a model organism the effect of different dietary lipids on plasma concentration of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerols (TAG). One hundred adult male rats (Wistar Albino) were divided into 10 groups with 10 animals each and fed for 7 weeks either basic feed mixture (control diet, C) or basic feed mixture with 5% of palm oil (P), safflower oil (SF), salmon oil (S), fish oil (F), Schizochytrium microalga oil (A), and 20% of beef tallow (T; four groups), respectively. The T-groups were fed for another 7 weeks T-, SF-, F- and A-diet, respectively. At the end of both the first and the second 7-week fattening period, plasma lipid concentration and hepatic fatty acid content was determined. Both A and F diets fed for 7 weeks decreased (P < 0.05) plasma TC (0.98 mmol∙l-1) compared to control (1.19 mmol∙l-1). The highest (P < 0.05) plasma TC was established in rats fed for 7 weeks the SF-diet following the previous 7-week T-treatment (2.15 mmol∙l-1). A-diet had the most positive (decreasing) effect on TAG concentrations (0.68–0.86 mmol∙l-1 compared to 1.22 and 2.88 mmol∙l-1 found in the C and T diets, respectively; P < 0.05). Both plasma TC and TAG were in a negative relationship (P < 0.01) with the hepatic eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents, respectively. It was concluded that dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil (with high DHA content) may have the potential for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of Curcumin on LDL Oxidation in Vitro, and Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Cholesterol Fed Rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahfouz ◽  
Zhou ◽  
A. Kummerow
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

In this study we examined the antioxidant effect of curcumin on lipid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, curcumin at 5 microgM concentration completely prevented low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by CuS04, indicating that curcumin is an effective antioxidant in vitro. In vivo, feeding a pure cholesterol (PC)-rich diet to rabbits significantly increased the plasma and liver lipids as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Addition of curcumin to the PC diet did not show any effect on either plasma lipid and TBARS or liver lipids. Liver TBARS tended to decrease but that decrease was not significant. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly decreased while catalase activity was significantly increased in rabbits fed a PC diet. The addition of curcumin to a PC diet did not show any significant effect on erythrocyte enzyme activities compared to the rabbits fed a PC diet. The liver GSH-Px and catalase activities were significantly decreased in rabbits fed a PC diet, but the addition of curcumin to the PC diet enhanced the liver GSH-Px activity, which became nonsignificantly different from the control group. These results were discussed considering that curcumin may not be well absorbed and it did not reach a level high enough in vivo to overcome the severe hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress produced by the PC-rich diet.

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

scholarly journals Inhibition of in vitro macrophage-induced low density lipoprotein oxidation by thyroid compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Oziol ◽  
P Faure ◽  
N Bertrand ◽  
P Chomard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Redox Systems

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) are highly suspected of initiating the atherosclerosis process. Thyroid hormones and structural analogues have been reported to protect LDL from lipid peroxidation induced by Cu2+ or the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis-'2-amidinopropane' dihydrochloride in vitro. We have examined the effects of thyroid compounds on macrophage-induced LDL oxidation. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (differentiated U937 cells) were incubated for 24 h with LDL and different concentrations (0-20 microM) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l -thyronine (T3), 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (T4), 3,3',5'-tri-iodo-l -thyronine (rT3), the T3 acetic derivative (3,5,3'-tri-iodothyroacetic acid; TA3) or L-thyronine (T0) (experiment 1). Cells were also preincubated for 24 h with 1 or 10 microM of the compounds, washed twice, then incubated again for 24 h with LDL (experiment 2). Oxidation was evaluated by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and cell viability by lactate deshydrogenase release. In experiment 1, T0 had no effect, whereas the other compounds decreased LDL TBARS production, but T3 and TA3 were less active than T4 and rT3 (IC50: 11.0 +/- 2.6 and 8.1 +/- 0.8 vs 1.4 +/- 0.5 and 0.9 +/- 0.3 microM respectively). In experiment 2, the compounds at 1 microM had no effect; at 10 microM, T3 and rT3 slightly reduced LDL TBARS production, whereas TA3 and T4 inhibited it by about 50% and 70% respectively. TBARS released by the cells were also highly decreased by T3, T4, rT3 and TA3 in experiment 1, but only by T3 (30%) and T4 (70%) in experiment 2. Cell viability was not affected by the compounds except slightly by TA3 at 10 microM. The data suggested that the physico-chemical antioxidant capacity of thyroid compounds was modulated by their action on the intracellular redox systems of macrophage. Overall cellular effects of T3 led to a reduction of its antioxidant capacity whereas those of T4 increased it. Thus T4 might protect LDL against cellular oxidation in vivo more than T3.

scholarly journals Effects of indole-3-carbinol on metabolic parameters and on lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipocytes 182

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okulicz ◽  
I. Hertig ◽  
J. Chichłowska
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism

: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was found to have possible anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and anti-atherogenic effects on the organism. So far, its influence on metabolic pathways has been unknown. This work was the first attempt to determine the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes <I>in vivo</I> after administration of 150 mg/kg b.wt./day I3C to male rats. Additionally, the aim of this trial was to evaluate the direct effect of I3C on basal and hormone-induced lipogenesis and lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes at concentrations 1, 10, 100 &mu;M <I>in vitro</I>. We can corroborate that adipocytes are susceptible to the direct action of I3C. The incubation of adipocytes with I3C at the three above-mentioned concentrations resulted in its influence on restriction of glucose entry into adipocytes in the basal as well as insulin-stimulated conditions. However, it was observed that I3C at these concentrations strongly intensified basic and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. I3C also has a significant influence on metabolism <I>in vivo</I>. Its administration to rats caused a significant increase in the content of triglycerides and a decrease in glycogen in the liver. The considerable augmentation of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein and insulin with a concomitant decrease in FFA concentrations was noted in the blood serum. I3C did not alter phospholipids, total, free, esterified cholesterol in the serum and the liver cholesterol. The results obtained <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vivo</I> indicate that the effect of I3C is adverse for the majority of metabolic parameters which were investigated. The most important finding in this study is the effect of I3C on liver steatosis and that the observed lower lipogenesis at higher lipolysis in fat cells may be involved in the mechanism.

scholarly journals Chemoprotective effects of butanol fraction of Buchholzia coriacea (Capparidaceae) against type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Okolie ◽  
Oluwafemi E. Kale ◽  
Odutola Osilesi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical

AbstractRecent studies have shown that Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats can result through a synergy that links obesity to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The present study achieved T2D via high fructose (20%w/v, p.o.), streptozotocin single dose (40 mg/kg, i.p.) (HFSTZ) in rats. Also, chemoprotective potential of butanol fraction of Buchholzia coriacea (BFBC) was demonstrated. Control normal and diabetic untreated (HFSTZ-induced T2D) rats received CM-cellulose (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Diabetic rats received intragastric BFBC (20, 200, 400 mg/kg), glibenclamide (0.07 mg/kg), and BFBC (200 mg/kg) plus glibenclamide treatments, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, and α-amylase inhibition were assessed. After 2 weeks of treatments, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, renal and liver function, serum insulin as well as in vivo oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed. BFBC shows highest antioxidants and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. HFSTZ-induced T2D produced hyperglycemia (P<0.05–0.001; F = 5.26–26.47), serum hyperinsulinemia (six-folds) plus elevated lipid peroxidation levels. Similarly, there were altered lipid profiles, liver and renal biomarker enzymes plus weight loss. BFBC administration alone or in combination with glibenclamide reversed T2D symptomatologies in treated animals, and improved body weights against control diabetic rats. In vivo antioxidant activities also improved while histological sections in treated rats show reduced tissue damage in pancreas, kidneys, liver, and heart, respectively. Oleic, stearic, 2-methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic, and n-hexadecanoic acids were present in BFBC in large quantities given GC-MS analysis. Overall, data from the present study suggest chemoprotective potentials of BFBC against HFSTZ-induced T2D rats.

scholarly journals Effect of chronic exposure to cadmium on serum lipid, lipoprotein and oxidative stress indices in male rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad ◽  
Mahmoud M. Shabestari ◽  
Farahzad Jabbari Azad ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxic metal implicated in lipid abnormalities. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between chronic exposure to Cd concentration and alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and oxidative stress indices in rats. Sixteen male rats were assigned to 2 groups of 8 rats each (test and control). The Cd-exposed group obtained drinking water containing cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the concentration of 2.0 mg Cd/L in drinking water for 3 months. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained to determine the changes of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and also serum Cd contents. The results of the present study indicated that Cd administration significantly increased the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and Cd with reduction in the HDL-C and GSH levels. In conclusion, evidence is presented that chronic exposure to low Cd concentration can adversely affect the lipid and lipoprotein profile via lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Activities of Phytol In Vivo and In Vitro Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Carolina de Menezes Patrício Santos ◽  
Mirian Stiebbe Salvadori ◽  
Vanine Gomes Mota ◽  
Luciana Muratori Costa ◽  
Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of phytol using chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice and to assess its antioxidant effects in vitro. Phytol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, phytol significantly reduced the number of contortions compared to the control group (P<0.001). In the formalin test, phytol reduced significantly the amount of time spent in paw licking in both phases (the neurogenic and inflammatory phases), this effect being more pronounced in the second phase (P<0.001). Phytol also provoked a significant increase in latency in the hot plate test. These antinociceptive effects did not impaire the motor performance, as shown in the rotarod test. Phytol demonstrated a strong antioxidant effect in vitro in its capacity to remove hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide as well as to prevent the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Taken as a whole, these results show the pronounced antinociceptive effects of phytol in the nociception models used, both through its central and peripheral actions, but also its antioxidant properties demonstrated in the in vitro methods used.

A Comparison between Running and Weight Lifting on Fasting Plasma Lipids of a Well-Conditioned Hypercholesterolemic Male

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Warber ◽  
Terry Bazzarre
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Study Results

The effect of weight lifting and running on the plasma lipid profiles of a physically fit 32-year-old hypercholesterolemic male were determined while he adhered to a controlled Phase III American Heart Association diet. The subject followed the same daily menu pattern for the entire test period. He completed four treatment phases: 6 weeks of detraining, 10 weeks of weight lifting, 10 weeks of running, and 10 weeks of weight lifting. The study was designed to closely compare two modes of exercise training for the same duration. A complete lipid profile was analyzed at baseline and every 5 weeks thereafter. Body weight and body fat remained constant throughout the study. Results revealed that running was the only effective treatment in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A return to weight lifting was associated with a 4 mg % decrease in HDLC. The controlled low-fat, high carbohydrate, and low cholesterol diet effectively reduced total cholesterol, low-density, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in this hypercholesterolemic subject, while running increased HDL-C.

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