scholarly journals Vitamin D signalling in adipose tissue

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1915-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherlyn Ding ◽  
Dan Gao ◽  
John Wilding ◽  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
Chen Bing
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
And Function

Vitamin D deficiency and the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity are both considered important public health issues. The classical role of vitamin D is in Ca homoeostasis and bone metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that the vitamin D system has a range of physiological functions, with vitamin D deficiency contributing to the pathogenesis of several major diseases, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that obese individuals tend to have a low vitamin D status, which may link to the dysregulation of white adipose tissue. Recent studies suggest that adipose tissue may be a direct target of vitamin D. The expression of both the vitamin D receptor and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) genes has been shown in murine and human adipocytes. There is evidence that vitamin D affects body fat mass by inhibiting adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Some recent studies demonstrate that vitamin D metabolites also influence adipokine production and the inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may compromise the normal metabolic functioning of adipose tissue. Given the importance of the tissue in energy balance, lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity, understanding the mechanisms of vitamin D action in adipocytes may have a significant impact on the maintenance of metabolic health. In the present review, we focus on the signalling role of vitamin D in adipocytes, particularly the potential mechanisms through which vitamin D may influence adipose tissue development and function.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece: the role of sex, degree of urbanisation and seasonality

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Manios ◽  
George Moschonis ◽  
Toine Hulshof ◽  
Anne-Sophie Bourhis ◽  
George L. J. Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractThe current study was aiming to report the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status among schoolchildren in Greece and investigate the role of sex, urbanisation and seasonality on vitamin D status. A sample of 2386 schoolchildren (9–13 years old) from four distinct prefectures was examined. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration <30 and <50 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency respectively) was 5·2 and 52·5 %, respectively. Girls had a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D<30 (7·2 v. 3·2 %) and 50 nmol/l (57·0 v. 48·0 %) than boys (P<0·001). The highest prevalence rates of 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l (9·1 and 73·1 %, respectively) were observed during spring (April to June), whereas the lowest (1·5 and 31·9 %, respectively) during autumn (October to December). The prevalence of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/l was higher in urban/semi-urban than rural regions, particularly during spring months (74·6 v. 47·2 %; P<0·001). Female sex, urban/semi-urban region of residence and spring months were found to increase the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, with the highest OR observed for spring months (7·47; 95 % CI 3·23, 17·3 and 5·14; 95 % CI 3·84, 6·89 for 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l respectively). In conclusion, despite the southerly latitude, the prevalence of low vitamin D status among primary schoolchildren in Greece is comparable to or exceeds the prevalence reported among children and adolescents on a European level. Sub-populations at highest risk are girls in urban/semi-urban areas during spring months, thus indicating the need for effective initiatives to support adequate vitamin D status in these population groups.

scholarly journals Simple Fast Quantification of Cholecalciferol, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Adipose Tissue Using LC-HRMS/MS

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurianne Bonnet ◽  
Marielle Margier ◽  
Ljubica Svilar ◽  
Charlene Couturier ◽  
Emmanuelle Reboul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D metabolism is actively modulated in adipose tissue during obesity. To better investigate this process, we develop a specific LC-HRMS/MS method that can simultaneously quantify three vitamin D metabolites, i.e., cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in a complex matrix, such as mouse adipose tissue and plasma. The method uses pretreatment with liquid–liquid or solid–phase extraction followed by derivatization using Amplifex® reagents to improve metabolite stability and ionization efficiency. Here, the method is optimized by co-eluting stable isotope-labelled internal standards to calibrate each analogue and to spike biological samples. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 0.8–6.0% and 2.0–14.4%, respectively for the three derivatized metabolites. The limits of quantification (LoQ) achieved with Amplifex® derivatization were 0.02 ng/mL, 0.19 ng/mL, and 0.78 ng/mL for 1,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3 and cholecalciferol, respectively. Now, for the first time, 1,25(OH)2D3 can be co-quantified with cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D3 in mouse adipose tissue. This validated method is successfully applied to study the impact of obesity on vitamin D status in mice.

scholarly journals Vitamin D testing and treatment: a narrative review of current evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. R27-R43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
Armin Zittermann ◽  
Christian Trummer ◽  
Verena Theiler-Schwetz ◽  
Elisabeth Lerchbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D

Vitamin D testing and treatment is a subject of controversial scientific discussions, and it is challenging to navigate through the expanding vitamin D literature with heterogeneous and partially opposed opinions and recommendations. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an update on vitamin D guidelines and the current evidence on the role of vitamin D for human health with its subsequent implications for patient care and public health issues. Vitamin D is critical for bone and mineral metabolism, and it is established that vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets and osteomalacia. While many guidelines recommend target serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations of ≥50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL), the minimum consensus in the scientific community is that serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 25–30 nmol/L (10–12 ng/mL) must be prevented and treated. Using this latter threshold of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it has been documented that there is a high worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency that may require public health actions such as vitamin D food fortification. On the other hand, there is also reason for concern that an exploding rate of vitamin D testing and supplementation increases costs and might potentially be harmful. In the scientific debate on vitamin D, we should consider that nutrient trials differ from drug trials and that apart from the opposed positions regarding indications for vitamin D treatment we still have to better characterize the precise role of vitamin D for human health.

scholarly journals Effects of Cholecalciferol on Key Components of Vitamin D-Endo/Para/Autocrine System in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazanova ◽  
Ihor Shymanskyi ◽  
Olha Lisakovska ◽  
Lala Hajiyeva ◽  
Yulia Komisarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Objectives.Recent prospective studies have found the associations between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and vitamin D deficiency. We investigated the role of vitamin D in the regulation of 25OHD-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and VDR expression in different tissues of T1D rats.Design.T1D was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (55 mg/k b.w.). After 2 weeks of T1D, the animals were treated orally with or without vitamin D3(cholecalciferol; 100 IU/rat, 30 days).Methods.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was detected by ELISA. CYP27A1, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and VDR were assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting or visualized by immunofluorescence staining.Results.We demonstrated that T1D led to a decrease in blood 25OHD, which is probably due to the established downregulation of CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 expression. Vitamin D deficiency was accompanied by elevated synthesis of renal CYP27B1 and VDR. Conversely, CYP27B1 and VDR expression decreased in the liver, bone tissue, and bone marrow. Cholecalciferol administration countered the impairments of the vitamin D-endo/para/autocrine system in the kidneys and extrarenal tissues of diabetic rats.Conclusions.T1D-induced vitamin D deficiency is associated with impairments of renal and extrarenal CYP27B1 and VDR expression. Cholecalciferol can be effective in the amelioration of diabetes-associated abnormalities in the vitamin D-endo/para/autocrine system.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in regulation of adipogenesis and adipose tissue function

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Squillaro ◽  
Gianfranco Peluso ◽  
Umberto Galderisi ◽  
Giovanni Di Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
And Function

Complex interaction between genetics, epigenetics, environment, and nutrition affect the physiological activities of adipose tissues and their dysfunctions, which lead to several metabolic diseases including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Here, adipogenesis appears to be a process characterized by an intricate network that involves many transcription factors and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate gene expression. LncRNAs are being investigated to determine their contribution to adipose tissue development and function. LncRNAs possess multiple cellular functions, and they regulate chromatin remodeling, along with transcriptional and post-transcriptional events; in this way, they affect gene expression. New investigations have demonstrated the pivotal role of these molecules in modulating white and brown/beige adipogenic tissue development and activity. This review aims to provide an update on the role of lncRNAs in adipogenesis and adipose tissue function to promote identification of new drug targets for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in The Age of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Ghasemian ◽  
Amir Shamshirian ◽  
Keyvan Heydari ◽  
Mohammad Malekan ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractBackgroundEvidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximize the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (intitle) as well as preprint database of medRxiv, bioRxiv, Research Square, preprints.org, and search engine of ScienceDirect up to October 10, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review.ResultsSixteen studies containing 4922 participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 48% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-67%), and in 41% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 10%-82%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 18 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 13-24). Co-morbidities frequency in COVID-19 patients were as follows: 7.4% cancer, 27.1% chronic kidney disease, 30.4% cardiovascular diseases, 5.1% dementia, 14.5% depression/anxiety, 32.1% diabetes, 47.4% hypertension, 22.0% obesity and 17.5% respiratory diseases. Reported ethnic groups in studies were 1.0% Afro-Caribbean, 10.3% Asian, and 92.1% Caucasian.ConclusionThis study found that the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was low in all COVID-19 patients, and most of them were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. The Caucasian was the dominant ethnic group, and the most frequent co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients were hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory diseases, which might be affected by vitamin D deficiency directly or indirectly.

scholarly journals Role of FTO in Adipocyte Development and Function: Recent Insights

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrte Merkestein ◽  
Dyan Sellayah
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
Obesity Susceptibility ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Adipocyte Development ◽  
Shed Light

In 2007,FTOwas identified as the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) gene associated with obesity in humans. Since then, various animal models have served to establish the mechanistic basis behind this association. Many earlier studies focussed on FTO’s effects on food intake via central mechanisms. Emerging evidence, however, implicates adipose tissue development and function in the causal relationship between perturbations in FTO expression and obesity. The purpose of this mini review is to shed light on these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue and present a clearer picture of its impact on obesity susceptibility.

Vitamin D Deficiency Contributed to Mozart’s death

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Grant ◽  
Stefan Pilz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Low Serum

Dawson’s recent extensive bibliographic review of the cause of death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart found that there were a number of hypotheses including poisoning, infection, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease and its complications. Overlooked in any of the papers hypothesizing about his death was a discussion of the likely role of very low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in contributing to his untimely death.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Vitamin D Metabolites beyond 25-Hydroxyvitamin D

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J Müller ◽  
Dietrich A Volmer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
And Function ◽  
Established Role

Abstract BACKGROUND The frequency of measurements of vitamin D in the human population has significantly increased over the last decade because vitamin D has now been linked to many diseases, in addition to its established role in bone health. Usually, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are measured to assess the vitamin D status of individuals. Unfortunately, many studies investigating links between vitamin D and disease also use only this single metabolite. Intricate correlations with other vitamin D metabolites or dynamic effects of downstream metabolites may therefore be overlooked. Fortunately, powerful LC-MS/MS approaches have recently become available that can simultaneously quantify the concentrations of multiple vitamin D metabolites. These approaches are challenging, however, because of inherent instrumental problems with detection of vitamin D compounds and the low concentrations of the metabolites in biological fluids. CONTENT This review summarizes recent mass spectrometry assays for the quantitative measurement of multiple vitamin D metabolites and their application in clinical research, with a particular focus on the low-abundance downstream metabolic species generated after the initial hydroxylation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D. SUMMARY To study the pathobiological effects and function of vitamin D metabolites in disease, in particular in low-abundance species beyond 25-hydroxyvitamin D, we need to know their concentrations. Although detection of these vitamin D species is challenging, a number of recent mass spectrometry assays have successfully demonstrated that LC-MS/MS methods can quantify multiple vitamin D compounds over a wide dynamic range individually or as part of multimetabolite assays.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Disorders in Older Adults

US Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Gold ◽  
Abdullah Shoaib ◽  
Gopinath Gorthy ◽  
George T Grossberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Synaptic Structure ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
And Function

The physiological effects of vitamin D on calcium/phosphorus metabolism have been well studied since its discovery in the early 20th century. With recent advances in cellular and molecular biology, its role in maintaining normal brain functions and the protection of neurons via maintenance of cellular homeostasis, immune regulation, modulation of synaptic structure and function are more clearly known. Recently, its deficiency is increasingly implicated in major neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular dementia. Older adults are particularly vulnerable not only because vitamin D deficiency becomes more prevalent with aging, but they also are often complicated with other comorbid illnesses. This article reviews the role of vitamin D in maintaining normal brain functions, and implications for vitamin D deficiency in cognitive disorders.

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