scholarly journals Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1792-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Kell ◽  
S. E. Judd ◽  
K. E. Pearson ◽  
J. M. Shikany ◽  
J. R. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Individual Education

Socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with measures of diet quality; however, such measures have not directly captured overall eating practices in individuals. Based on the factor analysis of fifty-six food groups from FFQ, associations between patterns of food consumption and SES were examined in a nationwide sample of 17 062 black (34·6 %) and white participants (age >45 years) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, racial group and geographic region were used to examine adherence to five emergent dietary patterns (convenience, plant-based, sweets/fats, southern and alcohol/salads) according to four levels each of individual education, household income and community-level SES. Further models assessed adherence to these dietary patterns by racial group, and an overall model including both racial groups examined whether the relationships between SES and adherence to these dietary patterns differed among black and white participants. For all the three measures of SES, higher SES had been associated with greater adherence to plant-based and alcohol/salads patterns, but lower adherence to sweets/fats and southern patterns. Statistically significant differences between black and white participants were observed in the associations between household income and adherence to alcohol/salads, individual education and adherence to plant-based and sweets/fats, and community SES and adherence to convenience patterns. As adherence to dietary patterns has been shown to be associated with health outcomes in this population (e.g. stroke), the present study offers valuable insight into behavioural and environmental factors that may contribute to health disparities in the diverse US population.

Abstract P075: Five Dietary Patterns Emerge in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham J Letter ◽  
Suzanne E Judd ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
David L Roth ◽  
P. K Newby
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Regards Study

Introduction: Examining diet as a whole using dietary patterns methods rather than focusing on single food group or nutrient exposures may be more informative when studying associations of diet and disease. Several large cohorts have used factor analysis to empirically derive dietary patterns but few have employed a cohort as geographically and racially diverse as the REGARDS study. Methods: The REGARDS study is a cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults age 45 and older, half of whom reside in the Southeastern US (also known as the stroke belt); the remainder reside elsewhere in the continental US. The present analysis included 21,636 participants who completed the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used on a split sample to determine dietary patterns based on 56 food groups. Race, sex, and region-specific solutions were evaluated for congruence alongside scree plots, eigenvalues, and interpretability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was utilized on the second half of the sample for validation of the PCA findings. Results: Sub-group analyses showed acceptable congruence and interpretability, thus we performed PCA on the entire sample in the final solution. Five dietary patterns emerged: the “traditional” pattern was characterized by mixed dishes; the “healthy” pattern by fruits and vegetables; the “sweets” pattern by sweet snacks and desserts; the “Southern” pattern by fried food, organ meat, and sweetened beverages; and the “alcohol” pattern by beer, wine, liquor, and salads. There were marked differences in factor score means across demographic and socioeconomic groups. For example, Blacks were much more likely than Whites to have a Southern diet. Discussion: Clear and meaningful dietary patterns emerged in this large cohort of Black and White Americans. Variability in dietary intake across demographic factors emphasizes the need to explore how these factors contribute to differential susceptibility to stroke and other chronic diseases.

Race Differences in Antisocial Behaviors and Attitudes and Early Initiation of Substance Use

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wells ◽  
Diane M. Morrison ◽  
Mary R. Gillmore ◽  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
Bonita Iritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
American Children

This article examines racial differences in self-reported delinquency, school trouble, antisocial attitudes, and toughness and in teacher-rated aggressive and inattentive behaviors among fifth grade black, white, and Asian American subjects. Also examined are the relationships of these variables to substance initiation within each racial group. Controlling for socio-economic status, racial groups differed from one another in self-reported delinquency, school trouble and toughness, and in teacher-rated aggressiveness and inattention. Antisocial behavior and attitudes were stronger predictors of substance initiation for Asian American than for black and white children. For white children both self-reported and teacher-rated behavior were significantly related to substance initiation. For black children, only self-reported antisocial behavior, and for Asian American children only self-reported delinquent behavior and attitudes predicted substance initiation. Implications for prevention and research are discussed.

Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjective:To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.Design:A systematic review was conducted.Setting:The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.Participants:Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.Results:Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.Conclusions:The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.

The Employment Disadvantage of Mothers: Evidence for Systemic Discrimination

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Carney
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
High Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
Worker Behaviour

When their need to provide care and their need for paid employment are equally important, mothers try to combine both roles, often through part time employment, or to stagger these competing needs by taking employment breaks. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) Survey1 this article analyses the resulting detriments to the ability of mothers to continue career paths across the occupational spectrum. Analysis of this data is used to argue that employment disadvantage is generated by mothers' inability to conform to `ideal worker' behaviour and therefore can be construed as `systemic discrimination'. Norms of `ideal' behaviour are shown to be stronger in occupations of high status and as a result mothers are at a greater risk of becoming excluded from employment within these occupations. Further, 26 percent of Australian working mothers will experience occupational exclusion, an event where further employment is secured only by moving down the occupational hierarchy to jobs of lower socio-economic status.

Auditory Discrimination in Conditions of Noise and Quiet by Black and White Disadvantaged Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
C. Milton Blue ◽  
Glenn A. Vergason
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The auditory discrimination of first and third grade children of low socio-economic status was investigated. 17 black and 17 white children were randomly selected from the two grades. The condition for listening was varied, i.e., discrimination in condition of quiet and discrimination in condition of noise, through the use of the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination. White third graders were superior performers. The expectation, from the literature, that the auditory discrimination of children from low socio-economic levels would be depressed in conditions of noise was not supported. In fact, black children performed in an inferior manner in conditions of quiet.

scholarly journals Major dietary patterns in relation to demographic and socio-economic status and food insecurity in two Iranian ethnic groups living in Urmia, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3337-3348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Rezazadeh ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
Mahmoud Ghazi-Tabatabaie ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
North West ◽  
Socio Economic Status

AbstractObjectiveTo identify major dietary patterns and their association with socio-economic status (SES) and food insecurity in two major ethnic groups living in Urmia, north-west Iran.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingAll four geographical zones of Urmia city.SubjectsParticipants (n 723; 427 women and 296 men), aged 20–64 years, from two ethnic groups (445 Azeri Turks and 278 Kurds).ResultsThree major dietary patterns were extracted: ‘Traditional High SES’ (THS), ‘Traditional Low SES’ (TLS) and ‘Transitional’. After adjusting for confounders, the THS pattern was positively associated with education level and negatively associated with moderate or severe food insecurity in Azeri Turks; whereas, among Kurds, it was more common in women and positively associated with age. The TLS pattern was more common among men and negatively associated with educational level and all levels of food insecurity in Azeris; while, among Kurds, it was more common among men, positively associated with being married and negatively associated with household income/capita. The ‘Transitional’ pattern was positively associated with being employed and negatively associated with age and all levels of food insecurity in Azeris; while, among Kurds, it was more common among men and negatively associated with age, being married and physical activity level.ConclusionsFindings suggest that household SES and food insecurity are associated with detrimental dietary patterns and that this effect may be stronger than cultural and ethnic background. These patterns differ by age and gender. Therefore, such characteristics should be considered in planning and formulating diet-related policies and programmes.

scholarly journals Sugar and fat intake among children in Scotland: what is needed to reach the dietary targets?

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine McNeill ◽  
Lindsey F Masson ◽  
Leone CA Craig ◽  
Jennie I Macdiarmid ◽  
Bridget A Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Population Average ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the intake and sources of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and fat among children in Scotland in relation to socio-economic status, and to estimate the changes in diet required to achieve recommended levels of intake.DesignCross-sectional survey with diet assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ.SettingEighty postcode sectors across Scotland.SubjectsChildren (n 1398) aged 3–17 years recruited from the Child Benefit register (76 % of those contacted).ResultsThe mean intake of NMES of 17·4 (95 % CI 17·0, 17·8) % food energy was considerably higher than the UK recommended population average of 11 % food energy. The mean intake of total fat of 32·9 (95 % CI 32·7, 33·2) % food energy met the recommended population average of no more than 35 % food energy, while the mean intake of SFA of 13·8 (95 % CI 13·7, 14·0) % food energy was above the recommended population average of no more than 11 % food energy. Despite clear socio-economic gradients in the mean daily consumption of many ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food groups, socio-economic differences in NMES as a percentage of food energy were limited and there was no significant variation in the intake of total fat or SFA as a percentage of food energy with socio-economic status. Modelling of the data showed that removing sugar-sweetened soft drinks and increasing fruit and vegetable intake by 50 % would not restore the intake of NMES and SFA to recommended levels.ConclusionsMajor changes in the intake of many food groups will be required to bring the NMES and saturated fat intake in line with current dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Energy contribution of NOVA food groups and sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in the Mexican population

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín A Marrón-Ponce ◽  
Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta ◽  
Maria Laura da Costa Louzada ◽  
Carolina Batis
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Head Of Household

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the energy contributions of NOVA food groups in the Mexican diet and the associations between individual sociodemographic characteristics and the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPF).DesignWe classified foods and beverages reported in a 24 h recall according to the NOVA food framework into: (i) unprocessed or minimally processed foods; (ii) processed culinary ingredients; (iii) processed foods; and (iv) UPF. We estimated the energy contribution of each food group and ran a multiple linear regression to identify the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and UPF energy contribution.SettingMexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.SubjectsIndividuals ≥1 years old (n10 087).ResultsUnprocessed or minimally processed foods had the highest dietary energy contribution (54·0 % of energy), followed by UPF (29·8 %), processed culinary ingredients (10·2 %) and processed foods (6·0 %). The energy contribution of UPF was higher in: pre-school-aged childrenv. other age groups (3·8 to 12·5 percentage points difference (pp)); urban areasv. rural (5·6 pp); the Central and North regionsv. the South (2·7 and 8·4 pp, respectively); medium and high socio-economic statusv. low (4·5 pp, in both); and with higher head of household educational levelv. without education (3·4 to 7·8 pp).ConclusionsIn 2012, about 30 % of energy in the Mexican diet came from UPF. Our results showed that younger ages, urbanization, living in the North region, high socio-economic status and high head of household educational level are sociodemographic factors related to higher consumption of UPF in Mexico.

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