scholarly journals Nut consumption is inversely associated with both cancer and total mortality in a Mediterranean population: prospective results from the Moli-sani study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Amalia De Curtis ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Francesca Bracone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Nut Intake

AbstractNut intake has been associated with reduced inflammatory status and lower risk of CVD and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nut consumption and mortality and the role of inflammation. We conducted a population-based prospective investigation on 19 386 subjects enrolled in the Moli-sani study. Food intake was recorded by the Italian version of the European Project Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ. C-reactive protein, leucocyte and platelet counts and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were used as biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up of 4·3 years, 334 all-cause deaths occurred. As compared with subjects who never ate nuts, rare intake (≤2 times/month) was inversely associated with mortality (multivariable HR=0·68; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·87). At intake ≥8 times/month, a greater protection was observed (HR=0·53; 0·32, 0·90). Nut intake (v. no intake) conveyed a higher protection to individuals poorly adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD). A significant reduction in cancer deaths (HR=0·64; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·94) was also observed, whereas the impact on CVD deaths was limited to an inverse, but not significant, trend. Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation were reduced in nut consumers but did not account for the association with mortality. In conclusion, nut intake was associated with reduced cancer and total mortality. The protection was stronger in individuals with lower adherence to MD, whereas it was similar in high-risk groups (diabetics, obese, smokers or those with the metabolic syndrome), as compared with low-risk subjects. Inflammation did not explain the observed relationship.

scholarly journals Consumption of Select Dietary Emulsifiers Exacerbates the Development of Spontaneous Intestinal Adenoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2602
Author(s):  
Emilie Viennois ◽  
Benoit Chassaing
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Adenoma

Inflammation is a well-characterized critical driver of gastrointestinal cancers. Previous findings have shown that intestinal low-grade inflammation can be promoted by the consumption of select dietary emulsifiers, ubiquitous component of processed foods which alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Using a model of colitis-associated cancer, we previously reported that consumption of the dietary emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80 exacerbated colonic tumor development. Here, we investigate the impact of dietary emulsifiers consumption on cancer initiation and progression in a genetical model of intestinal adenomas. In APCmin mice, we observed that dietary emulsifiers consumption enhanced small-intestine tumor development in a way that appeared to be independent of chronic intestinal inflammation but rather associated with emulsifiers’ impact on the proliferative status of the intestinal epithelium as well as on intestinal microbiota composition in both male and female mice. Overall, our findings further support the hypothesis that emulsifier consumption may be a new modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and that alterations in host–microbiota interactions can favor gastrointestinal carcinogenesis in individuals with a genetical predisposition to such disorders.

scholarly journals Cancer Related Anemia: An Integrated Multitarget Approach and Lifestyle Interventions

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Valentina Natalucci ◽  
Edy Virgili ◽  
Federica Calcagnoli ◽  
Giacomo Valli ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Line Of Therapy ◽  
Cancer Related Anemia ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Cancer is often accompanied by worsening of the patient’s iron profile, and the resulting anemia could be a factor that negatively impacts antineoplastic treatment efficacy and patient survival. The first line of therapy is usually based on oral or intravenous iron supplementation; however, many patients remain anemic and do not respond. The key might lie in the pathogenesis of the anemia itself. Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is characterized by a decreased circulating serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation despite ample iron stores, pointing to a more complex problem related to iron homeostatic regulation and additional factors such as chronic inflammatory status. This review explores our current understanding of iron homeostasis in cancer, shedding light on the modulatory role of hepcidin in intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling, mobilization from liver deposits, and inducible regulators by infections and inflammation. The underlying relationship between CRA and systemic low-grade inflammation will be discussed, and an integrated multitarget approach based on nutrition and exercise to improve iron utilization by reducing low-grade inflammation, modulating the immune response, and supporting antioxidant mechanisms will also be proposed. Indeed, a Mediterranean-based diet, nutritional supplements and exercise are suggested as potential individualized strategies and as a complementary approach to conventional CRA therapy.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Klara Suneson ◽  
Jesper Lindahl ◽  
Simon Chamli Hårsmar ◽  
Gustav Söderberg ◽  
Daniel Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

Abstract 14849: Gender Differences in Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Low Grade Inflammation on Coronary Spasm in Patients with Vasospastic Angina (VSA)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Akasaka ◽  
Seiji Hokimoto ◽  
Noriaki Tabata ◽  
Kenji Sakamoto ◽  
Kenichi Tsujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Spasm ◽  
Coronary Spasm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cyp2c19 Genotype ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families have been identified in extra hepatic tissues such as heart, vasculature, kidney, and lung. CYP2C19 localized in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium contributes to the regulation of vascular tone and homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether CYP2C19 genotype is associated with the vascular tonus in patients with VSA. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on coronary artery spasm in patients with VSA. Methods: We examined the distribution of CYP2C19 genotype in patients with VSA (n=129) who were diagnosed by intra-coronary acetylcholine infusion test and healthy subjects (n=455) as control group. CYP2C19 genotypes were divided into 3 groups; (1) CYP2C19*1/*1: EM, (2) one loss-of-function allele (*1/*2, *1/*3: IM), and (3) two loss-of-function alleles (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: PM). Moreover, we measured the level of high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) as a degree of low glade inflammation in each group. Results: The ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 30, 42, and 28% in VSA group, and 32, 49, and 19% in control group. In short, PM frequency was significantly higher in VSA than in control (28% vs 19%, P=0.026). In VSA group, the ratios of CYP2C19 genotype were 36, 44, and 20% in male, and 20, 39, and 41% in female, respectively. Briefly, the PM frequency was significantly higher in female than in male (41% vs 20%, P<0.001). Moreover, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in VSA group than in control group (0.17±0.367 vs 0.10.±0.240, P=0.02). When patients were stratified by gender, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in VSA group in female (0.11±0.198 vs 0.06±0.105, P=0.031) and male (0.20±0.438 vs 0.12±0.277, P=0.044). Multivariate analysis for coronary spasm indicated high age, hypertension, and high level of hs-CRP as predictive factors among all subjects. PM is a predictive factor for coronary spasm in female group only (OR3.1, 95%RI 1.525-6.317, P=0.002), but not in male (OR0.829, 95%RI 0.453-1.518, P=0.543). Conclusion: The CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) and low grade inflammation may be associated with pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm and the regulation of coronary tonus, especially in female.

Polyphenol intake is associated with low-grade inflammation, using a novel data analysis from the Moli-sani study

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (02) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pounis ◽  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Amalia De Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

SummaryThe association of polyphenol content of human diet with low-grade inflammation is not yet fully understood. It was the objective of this study to evaluate the association of flavonoid and lignan intake with frequently used and easily applicable in clinical practice low-grade inflammation biomarkers, in a novel holistic approach. A total of 5,948 women and 5,965 men (aged ≥ 35years) were analysed from the Moli-sani cohort, randomly recruited from the general population. The EPIC-FFQ was used for dietary assessment. Flavonol, flavone, flavanone, flavanol, anthocyanin, isoflavone and lignan intakes were calculated using Eurofir eBASIS and the polyphenol antioxidant content (PAC)-score was constructed to assess the total content of diet in these nutrients. CRP levels, WBC and PLT count and granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio were conceived as low-grade inflammation biomarkers. INFLA-score was constructed summarizing synergistic effects of these biomarkers. The INFLA-score was negatively associated with PAC-score in different levels of adjustment, in both genders (for all β-coef< 0, P< 0.05). 10 units increase in PAC-score was associated with 5–8 % decrease in the likelihood of higher low-grade inflammation status (i. e. higher quartile of INFLA-score) in men and women (odds ratio [ORs] 0.92 to 0.95, p< 0.05). The total variation of INFLA-score that was explained by PAC-score was estimated to be 16.7 % in women and 9.1 % in men (%R2=16.7 and 9.1). In conclusion, polyphenol content of diet evaluated in a holistic approach was negatively associated with a score of low-grade inflammation biomarkers in a large population based study. For the first time low-grade inflammation was evaluated in a holistic way through INFLA-score and was associated with polyphenol content of diet.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

Abstract 14862: Gender Differences in Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Low Grade Inflammation on Coronary Microvascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Akasaka ◽  
Seiji Hokimoto ◽  
Noriaki Tabata ◽  
Kenji Sakamoto ◽  
Kenichi Tsujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cyp2c19 Genotype ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Specific CYPs localized in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium contribute to the regulation of vascular tone and homeostasis. CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) were found to be an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, and PM is associated with the coronary spasm especially in female. However, it is unknown whether CYP2C19 genotype is associated with the coronary microvascular disease. The aim was to evaluate the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on coronary microvascular disease. Methods: We examined CYP2C19 genotype in patients with microvascular disease (n=40) who were diagnosed by intra-coronary acetylcholine infusion test and healthy subjects (n=455) as control group. We defined the coronary microvascular disease that have no epicardial spasm and have angina, ischemic ECG changes, reduced coronary blood flow, or inversion of lactic acid level between intra-coronary and coronary sinus. CYP2C19 genotypes were divided into 3 groups; (1) CYP2C19*1/*1: EM, (2) one loss-of-function allele (*1/*2, *1/*3: IM), and (3) two loss-of-function alleles (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: PM). Results: The ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 33, 35, and 32% in microvascular disease group, and 32, 49, and 19% in control group. In short, PM frequency was significantly higher in microvascular disease group (32%vs19%,P=0.039). In microvascular disease group, the ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 44, 38, and 19% in male, and 25, 33, and 42% in female, respectively. Briefly, the PM frequency was significantly higher in female than in male (42%vs19%,P=0.011). Moreover, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in microvascular disease group (0.37±0.908 vs 0.10±0.240, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis for microvascular disease indicated that gender, high age, smoking, hypertension, and the high level of hs-CRP are predictive factors among all subjects. PM is a predictive factor for microvascular disease in female group only (OR3.214, 95%RI 1.286-8.034, P=0.012), but not in male (OR0.909, 95%RI 0.251-3.285, P=0.884). Conclusion: The CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) and low grade inflammation may be associated with pathophysiology of coronary microvascular disease, especially in female.

scholarly journals A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastià Galmés ◽  
Margalida Cifre ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
Paula Oliver ◽  
Francisca Serra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.

Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Antikainen ◽  
Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽  
Henrikki Nordman ◽  
Raimo Voutilainen ◽  
Hanna Huopio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children’s height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Methods: A cohort of 135 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4–9.7 years) was studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-seven children had been exposed to maternal GDM, and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results: There were no differences in height, weight, BMI, fasting serum insulin, plasma glucose, lipids, or blood pressure between the study groups. However, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher hs-CRP as a marker of low-grade inflammation was detected in prepubertal children exposed to maternal GDM, but no differences were seen in height, weight, BMI, or markers of glucose and lipid metabolism compared to control children. This finding may reflect an ongoing process of metabolic changes in children born after a GDM pregnancy.

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