scholarly journals A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastià Galmés ◽  
Margalida Cifre ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
Paula Oliver ◽  
Francisca Serra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Depression—Mechanisms and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Klara Suneson ◽  
Jesper Lindahl ◽  
Simon Chamli Hårsmar ◽  
Gustav Söderberg ◽  
Daniel Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammation in this subtype of depression. We also discuss downstream mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptoms of depression, including alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we review evidence for several non-pharmacological interventions for inflammatory depression, including probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, and physical exercise interventions. While some evidence suggests that these interventions may be efficacious in inflammatory depression, future clinical trials should consider enriching patient populations for inflammatory markers, or stratify patients by inflammatory status, to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1121-E1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneseh Adeshirlarijaney ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Hao Q. Tran ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
Andrew T. Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Metformin beneficially impacts several aspects of metabolic syndrome including dysglycemia, obesity, and liver dysfunction, thus making it a widely used frontline treatment for early-stage type 2 diabetes, which is associated with these disorders. Several mechanisms of action for metformin have been proposed, including that it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, possibly as a result of its impact on intestinal microbiota. In accord with this possibility, we observed herein that, in mice with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, metformin impacts the gut microbiota by preventing its encroachment upon the host, a feature of metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. However, the ability of metformin to beneficially impact metabolic syndrome in mice was not markedly altered by reduction or elimination of gut microbiota, achieved by the use of antibiotics or germfree mice. Although reducing or eliminating microbiota by itself suppressed diet-induced dysglycemia, other features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and low-grade inflammation remained suppressed by metformin in the presence or absence of gut microbiota. These results support a role for anti-inflammatory activity of metformin, irrespective of gut microbiota, in driving some of the beneficial impacts of this drug on metabolic syndrome.

Lifestyle Measures to Reduce Inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Gaesser ◽  
Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽  
Dana M. Ryan ◽  
Carol S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be ameliorated with exercise and/or diet. High levels of physical activity and/or cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of low-grade inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise have been found to improve inflammatory status, with the majority of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise may have broader anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, aerobic exercise appears to improve the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Improvement in inflammatory status is most likely to occur in persons with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers prior to intervention. A number of dietary factors, including fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits (especially berries), omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (eg, C and E), and certain trace minerals (eg, zinc) have been documented to reduce blood concentrations of inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory foods may also help mitigate the pro-inflammatory postprandial state that is particularly evident after ingestion of meals high in saturated fat. Intensive lifestyle interventions involving both exercise and diet appear to be most effective. For the most part, anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and diet are independent of weight loss. Thus overweight and obese men and women, who are most likely to have a pro-inflammatory profile, do not necessarily have to normalize body mass index to improve inflammatory status and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and associations with biomarkers of inflammation in adults: a systematic review of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hart ◽  
Susan J. Torres ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Catherine M. Milte
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation is involved in manychronic diseases of ageing. Modifiable lifestyle factors including dietcan affect low-grade inflammation. Dietary patterns allow assessment of the complex interactions of food nutrients and health and may be associated with inflammatory status. This systematic review aimed to summarises current evidence from observational studies for associations between dietary patterns and inflammatory biomarkers in the general adult population. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Methods We conducted a systematic search in Embase, CINAHL Complete, Global Health and MEDLINE complete databases. Search terms included terms for diet (“dietary patterns”, “diet scores”) and inflammation (“inflammation“, “c-reactive protein“, “interleukin“). Results The search produced 7161 records. Duplicates were removed leaving 3164 for screening. There were 69 studies included (60 cross-sectional, 9 longitudinal). Papers included studies that were: 1) observational studies; 2) conducted in community-dwelling adults over 18 years of age; 3) assessed dietary patterns; 4) measured specified biomarkers of inflammation and 5) published in English. Dietary patterns were assessed using diet scores (n = 45), data-driven approaches (n = 22), both a data-driven approach and diet score (n = 2). The most frequently assessed biomarkers were CRP (n = 64) and/or IL-6 (n = 22). Cross-sectionally the majority of analyses reported an association between higher diet scores (mostly Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet scores) and lower inflammatory markers with 82 significant associations from 133 analyses. Only 22 of 145 cross-sectional analyses using data-driven approaches reported an association between a dietary patterns and lower inflammatory markers; the majority reported no association. Evidence of an association between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers longitudinally is limited, with the majority reporting no association. Conclusions Adherence to healthy, Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory dietary scores, appear to be associated with lower inflammatory status cross-sectionally. Future research could focus on longitudinal studies using a potential outcomes approach in the data analysis. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42019114501.

scholarly journals Metabolomics study of the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
pp. 41903-41912
Author(s):  
Yu Peng ◽  
Huixia Ren ◽  
Hongxun Tao ◽  
Chengwei He ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes.

scholarly journals Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon ameliorates renal inflammation in diet-induced obese mice and endotoxin-treated human glomeruli ex vivo

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Lindfors ◽  
Zydrune Polianskyte-Prause ◽  
Rim Bouslama ◽  
Eero Lehtonen ◽  
Miia Mannerla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adiponectin Receptor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Renal Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Chronic low-grade inflammation with local upregulation of proinflammatory molecules plays a role in the progression of obesity-related renal injury. Reduced serum concentration of anti-inflammatory adiponectin may promote chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects and mechanisms of action of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist. Methods Wild-type DBA/2J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with AdipoRon to model obesity-induced metabolic endotoxaemia and chronic low-grade inflammation and we assessed changes in the glomerular morphology and expression of proinflammatory markers. We also treated human glomeruli ex vivo and human podocytes in vitro with AdipoRon and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin upregulated in obesity and diabetes, and analysed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, activation of inflammatory signal transduction pathways, apoptosis and migration. Results In HFD-fed mice, AdipoRon attenuated renal inflammation, as demonstrated by reduced expression of glomerular activated NF-κB p65 subunit (NF-κB-p65) (70%, p < 0.001), TNFα (48%, p < 0.01), IL-1β (51%, p < 0.001) and TGFβ (46%, p < 0.001), renal IL-6 and IL-4 (21% and 20%, p < 0.05), and lowered glomerular F4/80-positive macrophage infiltration (31%, p < 0.001). In addition, AdipoRon ameliorated HFD-induced glomerular hypertrophy (12%, p < 0.001), fibronectin accumulation (50%, p < 0.01) and podocyte loss (12%, p < 0.001), and reduced podocyte foot process effacement (15%, p < 0.001) and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (18%, p < 0.001). In cultured podocytes, AdipoRon attenuated the LPS-induced activation of the central inflammatory signalling pathways NF-κB-p65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) (30%, 36% and 22%, respectively, p < 0.001), reduced the secretion of TNFα (32%, p < 0.01), and protected against podocyte apoptosis and migration. In human glomeruli ex vivo, AdipoRon reduced the LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and IL-10. Conclusions/interpretation AdipoRon attenuated the renal expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice and LPS-stimulated human glomeruli, which apparently contributed to the amelioration of glomerular inflammation and injury. Mechanistically, based on assays on cultured podocytes, AdipoRon reduced LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB-p65, JNK and p38-MAPK pathways, thereby impelling the decrease in apoptosis, migration and secretion of TNFα. We conclude that the activation of the adiponectin receptor by AdipoRon is a potent strategy to attenuate endotoxaemia-associated renal inflammation. Graphical abstract

Pulmonary Function Changes in the Older adults with and without Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysa Brandao Rangel ◽  
Renilson Moraes-Ferreira ◽  
Manoel Oliveira-Junior ◽  
Alana Santos-Dias ◽  
André Bachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) triggers alterations in several organs, but its effects on pulmonary functional and immunological response in older adults are unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated such responses in older adults with and without MS. The study consisted of 77 older adults with MS (68 ± 3 years old) and without MS (67 ± 3 years old). Impulse oscillometry (IOS) was used to evaluate airway and tissue resistance and reactance. Biomarkers of systemic and pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were studied. Total resistance of respiratory system (R5Hz; p < 0.009), and resistance of proximal (R20Hz; p < 0.001) and distal (R5Hz-R20Hz; p < 0.004) airways were impaired in MS individuals compared to those without MS. The levels of pro-inflammatory (leptin; IL-1beta; IL-8, p < 0.001; TNF-alpha, p < 0.04) and pro-fibrotic (VEGF, p < 0.001) factor increased in MS, while reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (adiponectin; IL-1ra; IL-10; p < 0.001), and anti-fibrotic (relaxin 1; relaxin 3; Klotho, p < 0.001) factors were found. We conclude that MS accelerates lung function and mechanics impairment in older adults in detriment of an imbalance between pro and anti-inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. Furthermore, this study shows that the lungs also are a target organ in MS, deserving clinical assessment in older adults’ population.

scholarly journals Cancer Related Anemia: An Integrated Multitarget Approach and Lifestyle Interventions

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Valentina Natalucci ◽  
Edy Virgili ◽  
Federica Calcagnoli ◽  
Giacomo Valli ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Line Of Therapy ◽  
Cancer Related Anemia ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Cancer is often accompanied by worsening of the patient’s iron profile, and the resulting anemia could be a factor that negatively impacts antineoplastic treatment efficacy and patient survival. The first line of therapy is usually based on oral or intravenous iron supplementation; however, many patients remain anemic and do not respond. The key might lie in the pathogenesis of the anemia itself. Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is characterized by a decreased circulating serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation despite ample iron stores, pointing to a more complex problem related to iron homeostatic regulation and additional factors such as chronic inflammatory status. This review explores our current understanding of iron homeostasis in cancer, shedding light on the modulatory role of hepcidin in intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling, mobilization from liver deposits, and inducible regulators by infections and inflammation. The underlying relationship between CRA and systemic low-grade inflammation will be discussed, and an integrated multitarget approach based on nutrition and exercise to improve iron utilization by reducing low-grade inflammation, modulating the immune response, and supporting antioxidant mechanisms will also be proposed. Indeed, a Mediterranean-based diet, nutritional supplements and exercise are suggested as potential individualized strategies and as a complementary approach to conventional CRA therapy.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Developmental Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Segovia ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Clint Gray ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The prevalence of obesity, especially in women of child-bearing age, is a global health concern. In addition to increasing the immediate risk of gestational complications, there is accumulating evidence that maternal obesity also has long-term consequences for the offspring. The concept of developmental programming describes the process in which an environmental stimulus, including altered nutrition, during critical periods of development can program alterations in organogenesis, tissue development, and metabolism, predisposing offspring to obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Although the mechanisms underpinning programming of metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly clear that low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and its comorbidities. This review will discuss maternal metainflammation as a mediator of programming in insulin sensitive tissues in offspring. Use of nutritional anti-inflammatories in pregnancy including omega 3 fatty acids, resveratrol, curcumin, and taurine may provide beneficial intervention strategies to ameliorate maternal obesity-induced programming.

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