scholarly journals Association of flavonoid-rich foods and flavonoids with risk of all-cause mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Ivey ◽  
Majken K. Jensen ◽  
Jonathan M. Hodgson ◽  
A. Heather Eliassen ◽  
Aedín Cassidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractFlavonoids are bioactive compounds found in foods such as tea, red wine, fruits and vegetables. Higher intakes of specific flavonoids, and flavonoid-rich foods, have been linked to reduced mortality from specific vascular diseases and cancers. However, the importance of flavonoid-rich foods, and flavonoids, in preventing all-cause mortality remains uncertain. As such, we examined the association of intake of flavonoid-rich foods and flavonoids with subsequent mortality among 93 145 young and middle-aged women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. During 1 838 946 person-years of follow-up, 1808 participants died. When compared with non-consumers, frequent consumers of red wine, tea, peppers, blueberries and strawberries were at reduced risk of all-cause mortality (P<0·05), with the strongest associations observed for red wine and tea; multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios 0·60 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·74) and 0·73 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·83), respectively. Conversely, frequent grapefruit consumers were at increased risk of all-cause mortality, compared with their non-grapefruit consuming counterparts (P<0·05). When compared with those in the lowest consumption quintile, participants in the highest quintile of total-flavonoid intake were at reduced risk of all-cause mortality in the age-adjusted model; 0·81 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·93). However, this association was attenuated following multivariable adjustment; 0·92 (95 % CI 0·80, 1·06). Similar results were observed for consumption of flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Flavonols, flavanones and flavones were not associated with all-cause mortality in any model. Despite null associations at the compound level and select foods, higher consumption of red wine, tea, peppers, blueberries and strawberries, was associated with reduced risk of total and cause-specific mortality. These findings support the rationale for making food-based dietary recommendations.

Headache as a risk factor for dementia: A prospective population-based study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Eystein Stordal ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
Timothy J Steiner ◽  
John-Anker Zwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Headache has not been established as a risk factor for dementia. The aim of this study was to determine whether any headache was associated with subsequent development of vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other types of dementia. Methods This prospective population-based cohort study used baseline data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2) performed during 1995–1997 and, from the same Norwegian county, a register of cases diagnosed with dementia during 1997–2010. Participants aged ≥20 years who responded to headache questions in HUNT 2 were categorized (headache free; with any headache; with migraine; with nonmigrainous headache). Hazard ratios (HRs) for later inclusion in the dementia register were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results Of 51,383 participants providing headache data in HUNT 2, 378 appeared in the dementia register during the follow-up period. Compared to those who were headache free, participants with any headache had increased risk of VaD ( n = 63) (multivariate-adjusted HR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8, p = 0.002) and of mixed dementia (VaD and AD ( n = 52)) (adjusted HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, p = 0.018). There was no association between any headache and later development of AD ( n = 180). Conclusion In this prospective population-based cohort study, any headache was a risk factor for development of VaD.

scholarly journals Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 2500-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei Wu ◽  
Jiali Han ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Eunyoung Cho ◽  
Meir J. Stampfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Apparent Association

Purpose Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens and furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption. Methods A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984 to 2010) and 41,622 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010) were included. Dietary information was repeatedly assessed every 2 to 4 years during follow-up. Incident melanoma cases were identified through self-report and confirmed by pathologic records. Results Over 24 to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 1,840 incident melanomas. After adjustment for other risk factors, the pooled multivariable hazard ratios for melanoma were 1.00 for overall citrus consumption < twice per week (reference), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.30) for two to four times per week, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.47) for five to six times per week, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.49) for once to 1.5 times per day, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63) for ≥ 1.6 times per day (Ptrend < .001). Among individual citrus products, grapefruit showed the most apparent association with risk of melanoma, which was independent of other lifestyle and dietary factors. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio for melanoma comparing the extreme consumption categories of grapefruit (≥ three times per week v never) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.82; Ptrend < .001). Conclusion Citrus consumption was associated with an increased risk of malignant melanoma in two cohorts of women and men. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and explore related health implications.

Relation between thyroid-stimulating hormone and the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with manifest vascular diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Westerink ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Daniël R Faber ◽  
Wilko Spiering ◽  
Frank LJ Visseren
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Tsh Levels

Aims: To investigate whether levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the normal range are associated with an increased risk of new vascular events and mortality in patients with clinical manifest vascular diseases and whether this relation is influenced by adiposity. Methods and results: Prospective cohort study in 2443 patients (1790 men and 653 women) with clinical manifest vascular disease and TSH levels in the normal range. Median follow up was 2.7 (interquartile range 1.4–3.9) years. Clinical endpoints of interest were: myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death, and all-cause mortality. In patients with manifest vascular disease, the prevalence of (subclinical) hypothyroidism was 5.7%, while 3.6% had (subclinical) hyperthyroidism. An increase in 1 unit of TSH was associated with a 33% higher risk (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03–1.73) for the occurrence of myocardial infarction, adjusted for age, gender, renal function, and smoking. In patients with a body mass index (BMI) below the median of 26.7 kg/m2 the HR per unit TSH for myocardial infarction was 1.55 (95% CI 1.08–2.21) compared to 1.18 (95% CI 0.81–1.71) in patients with a BMI ≥26.7 kg/m2. Visceral adipose tissue thickness below the median (≤8.8 cm) was associated with higher HR per unit TSH for myocardial infarction (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.21–2.35) compared to visceral adipose tissue thickness >8.9 cm (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.66–1.49). There was no relation between TSH and risk of stroke, vascular death, the combined endpoint, or all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Higher TSH levels within the normal range are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, in patients with clinical manifest vascular disease. This relation is most prominent in patients without visceral obesity.

Visual acuity and risk of overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Han ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Chul Young Choi ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims  The associations of visual impairment (VI) with cardio-metabolic risk factors have been reported but its association with cardiovascular mortality remains uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association of visual acuity (VA) with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods and results A cohort study was performed in 580 746 Korean adults (average age, 39.7 years) who were followed for a median of 8.1 years (maximum, 16 years). Presenting VA was measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Visual acuity in the better vision eye was categorized as normal vision (≥0.8), lowered vision (0.5–0.8), mild visual impairment (VI) (0.3–0.5), or moderate to severe VI (&lt;0.3). Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through linkage to national death records. During 4 632 892.2 person-years of follow-up, 6585 overall deaths, 974 cardiovascular deaths, and 1163 injury-related deaths were identified. After adjustment for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality among participants with lowered vision, minimal VI, and moderate to severe VI were 1.21 (1.13–1.29), 1.26 (1.15–1.37), and 1.54 (1.40–1.68), respectively, compared with those with normal vision. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.12 (0.96–1.32), 0.98 (0.76–1.26), and 1.36 (1.04–1.79), respectively, and the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.12–1.57), 1.43 (1.15–1.77), and 2.41 (1.94–2.99). Conclusion  In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, VI was associated with increased risk of mortality especially due to cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals γ-Glutamyltransferase Variability and the Risk of Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Soo Chung ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Jung A. Kim ◽  
Eun Roh ◽  
You Bin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Related Mortality

Although it has been suggested that the γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level is an indicator of cardiometabolic disorders, there is no previous study to evaluate the implication of GGT variability on the development of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. GGT variability was measured as the coefficient variance (GGT-CV), standard deviation (GGT-SD), and variability independent of the mean (GGT-VIM). Using the population-based Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, we followed 158,736 Korean adults over a median duration of 8.4 years. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the risk of mortality, MI, and stroke showed a stepwise increase according to the quartiles of GGT-CV, GGT-SD or GGT-VIM. In the highest quartile of GGT-CV compared to the lowest quartile after adjusting for confounding variables including mean GGT, the hazard ratios (HRs) for incident MI, stroke, mortality, and CVD-related mortality were 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.34; p < 0.001), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.10–1.32; p < 0.001), 1.41 (95% CI, 1.33–1.51; p < 0.001), and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.30–1.78; p < 0.001), respectively, which were similar or even higher compared with those associated with total cholesterol variability. This is the first study to demonstrate that high GGT variability is associated with increased risk of MI, stroke, all-cause mortality, and CVD-related mortality in the general population.

scholarly journals Digoxin Use to Control Ventricular Rate in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Chamaria ◽  
Anand M. Desai ◽  
Pratap C. Reddy ◽  
Brian Olshansky ◽  
Paari Dominic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ventricular Rate ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction.Digoxin is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation (AF). There is conflicting evidence regarding safety of digoxin. We aimed to evaluate the risk of mortality with digoxin use in patients with AF using meta-analyses.Methods.PubMed was searched for studies comparing outcomes of patients with AF taking digoxin versus no digoxin, with or without heart failure (HF). Studies were excluded if they reported only a point estimate of mortality, duplicated patient populations, and/or did not report adjusted hazard ratios (HR). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Adjusted HRs were combined using generic inverse variance and log hazard ratios. A multivariate metaregression model was used to explore heterogeneity in studies.Results.Twelve studies with 321,944 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In all AF patients, irrespective of heart failure status, digoxin is associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR [1.23], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.31). However, digoxin is not associated with increased mortality in patients with AF and HF (HR [1.08], 95% CI 0.99–1.18). In AF patients without HF digoxin is associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR [1.38], 95% CI 1.12–1.71).Conclusion.In patients with AF and HF, digoxin use is not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality when used for rate control.

scholarly journals Self-reported visual impairment, physical activity and all-cause mortality: The HUNT Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audun Brunes ◽  
W. Dana Flanders ◽  
Liv Berit Augestad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hunt Study

Aims: To examine the associations of self-reported visual impairment and physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 65,236 Norwegians aged ⩾20 years who had participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2, 1995−1997). Of these participants, 11,074 (17.0%) had self-reported visual impairment (SRVI). The participants’ data were linked to Norway’s Cause of Death Registry and followed throughout 2012. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed using Cox regression analyses with age as the time-scale. The Cox models were fitted for restricted age groups (<60, 60−84, ⩾85 years). Results: After a mean follow-up of 14.5 years, 13,549 deaths were identified. Compared with adults with self-reported no visual impairment, the multivariable hazard ratios among adults with SRVI were 2.47 (95% CI 1.94–3.13) in those aged <60 years, 1.22 (95% CI 1.13–1.33) in those aged 60–84 years and 1.05 (95% CI 0.96–1.15) in those aged ⩾85 years. The strength of the associations remained similar or stronger after additionally controlling for PA. When examining the joint associations, the all-cause mortality risk of SRVI was higher for those who reported no PA than for those who reported weekly hours of PA. We found a large, positive departure from additivity in adults aged <60 years, whereas the departure from additivity was small for the other age groups. Conclusions: Adults with SRVI reporting no PA were associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk. The associations attenuated with age.

scholarly journals Effect of Digoxin Therapy on Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Kun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Whether digoxin is associated with increased mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the risk of mortality and clinical effects of digoxin use in patients with AF.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies comparing all-cause mortality of patients with AF taking digoxin with those not taking digoxin, and the length of follow-up was at least 6 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled.Results: A total of 29 studies with 621,478 patients were included. Digoxin use was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in all patients with AF (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.22, P &lt; 0.001), especially in patients without HF (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.47, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant association between digoxin and mortality in patients with AF and HF (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.14, P = 0.110). In all patients with AF, regardless of concomitant HF, digoxin use was associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23–1.60, P &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50, P &lt; 0.001), and digoxin use had no significant association with all-cause hospitalization (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.92–1.39, P = 0.230).Conclusion: We conclude that digoxin use is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and SCD, and it does not reduce readmission for AF, regardless of concomitant HF. Digoxin may have a neutral effect on all-cause mortality in patients with AF with concomitant HF.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.ukPROSPERO.

scholarly journals P073 Co-morbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular event risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A44-A45
Author(s):  
B Lechat ◽  
S Appleton ◽  
Y Melaku ◽  
K Hansen ◽  
R McEvoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Introduction Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition. Previous studies have investigated associations between insomnia and mortality, and OSA and mortality, but not COMISA. Thus, this study investigated associations between OSA, insomnia and COMISA on mortality and cardiovascular event risks. Methods Sleep Heart Health Study data (n = 5803) were used to identify people with insomnia defined as difficulties falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and/or early morning awakenings from sleep at least 5 times a month and daytime impairment. OSA was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥15 events/h. COMISA was defined if both conditions were present. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between COMISA and all-cause mortality (n = 1210) and cardiovascular events (N = 1243) over 15 years of follow-up. Results This analysis included 5236 participants. 2504 (47.8%) did not have insomnia/OSA, 374 (7.1%) had insomnia-alone, 2027 (38.7%) had OSA-alone, and 331 (6.3%) had COMISA. Compared to participants with no insomnia/OSA, COMISA was associated with a 32% (HR, 95%CI; 1.32 (1.06, 1.64)) and 38% (1.38 (1.11, 1.71)) increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, respectively. Insomnia-alone and OSA-alone were not associated with all-cause mortality or cardiovascular event risk. Conclusions Participants with COMISA have decreased longevity and increased cardiovascular event risks compared to participants with no insomnia or OSA. It remains to be determined if these associations are causal and whether treatment of insomnia, OSA, or combination treatment can effectively decrease mortality and/or cardiovascular event risks in individuals with COMISA.

Effects of Initial Body Mass Index and Weight Change on All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Cohort Study in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Park ◽  
Sunmi Pi ◽  
Jinseub Hwang ◽  
Jae-Heon Kang ◽  
Jin-Won Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Baseline Bmi

We evaluated the effects of baseline body mass index (BMI) and its changes over 4 years on all-cause mortality in Korean population. We analyzed 351 735 participants whose BMI was measured in both 2002/2003 and 2006/2007. Mortality was assessed until 2013. Multivariate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were estimated. Underweight and severe obesity with BMI >30 kg/m2 were significantly associated with higher mortality. Similarly, >5% decrease or >10% increase of BMI for 4 years was associated with the increased risk of death. Comparing the results between baseline BMI and BMI change, the BMI change showed more stable associations with mortality than the baseline BMI in subgroup analysis such as nonsmokers and healthy participants. This study suggests that BMI change could be a useful health indicator along with obesity level by BMI. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight is needed for longevity, but rapid weight change should be carefully monitored.

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