scholarly journals Trends of serum phospholipid fatty acids over time in rural Uganda: evidence of nutritional transition?

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Véronique Chajès ◽  
Lorna J. Gibson ◽  
Carine Biessy ◽  
Nadia Slimani ◽  
Gershim Asiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractNon-communicable diseases are projected to become the most common causes of death in Africa by 2030. The impact on health of epidemiological and nutritional transitions in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. To assess the trends of dietary fatty acids over time in Uganda, we examined fatty acids in serum collected from individuals in rural south-west Uganda, at three time points over two decades. Independent cross-sectional samples of 915 adults and children were selected from the general population cohort in 1990 (n 281), 2000 (n 283) and 2008 (n 351). Serum phospholipid fatty acids were measured by GC. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare the geometric means of fatty acids by time period. Serum fatty acid profiling showed high proportions of SFA, cis-MUFA and industrial trans-fatty acids (iTFA), likely to be biomarkers of high consumption of palm oil and hydrogenated fats. In contrast, proportions of n-6 and n-3 PUFA from vegetable oils and fish were low. From 1990 to 2008, serum phospholipids showed increases in absolute amounts of SFA (17·3 % increase in adults and 26·4 % in children), MUFA (16·7 % increase in adults and 16·8 % in children) and n-6:n-3 PUFA (40·1 % increase in adults and 39·8 % in children). The amount of elaidic acid, iTFA from hydrogenated fats, increased in children (60·1 % increase). In this rural Ugandan population, we show evidence of unfavourable trends over time of dietary fatty acids.

scholarly journals Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Mammographic Density in Premenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2419-2428
Author(s):  
Virginia Lope ◽  
María del Pilar del Pozo ◽  
Inmaculada Criado-Navarro ◽  
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
City Council ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Background The role of fatty acids (FAs) on mammographic density (MD) is unclear, and available studies are based on self-reported dietary intake. Objectives This study assessed the association between specific serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and MD in premenopausal women. Methods The cross-sectional study DDM-Madrid recruited 1392 Spanish premenopausal women, aged 39–50 y, who attended a screening in a breast radiodiagnosis unit of Madrid City Council. Women completed lifestyle questionnaires and FFQs. Percentage MD was estimated using a validated computer tool (DM-Scan), and serum PLFA percentages were measured by GC-MS. Multivariable linear regression models were used to quantify the association of FA tertiles with MD. Models were adjusted for age, education, BMI, waist circumference, parity, oral contraceptive use, previous breast biopsies, and energy intake, and they were corrected for multiple testing. Results Women in the third tertile of SFAs showed significantly higher MD compared with those in the first tertile (βT3vsT1 = 7.53; 95% CI: 5.44, 9.61). Elevated relative concentrations of palmitoleic (βT3vsT1 = 3.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 5.25) and gondoic (βT3vsT1 = 2.67; 95% CI: 0.57, 4.77) MUFAs, as well as high relative concentrations of palmitelaidic (βT3vsT1 = 5.22; 95% CI: 3.15, 7.29) and elaidic (βT3vsT1 = 2.69; 95% CI: 0.59, 4.79) trans FAs, were also associated with higher MD. On the contrary, women with elevated relative concentrations of n–6 (ω-6) linoleic (βT3vsT1 = −5.49; 95% CI; −7.62, −3.35) and arachidonic (βT3vsT1 = −4.68; 95% CI: −6.79, −2.58) PUFAs showed lower MD. Regarding desaturation indices, an elevated palmitoleic to palmitic ratio and a low ratio of oleic to steric and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acids were associated with higher MD. Conclusions Spanish premenopausal women with high relative concentrations of most SFAs and some MUFAs and trans FAs showed an increased MD, whereas those with high relative concentrations of some n–6 PUFAs presented lower density. These results, which should be confirmed in further studies, underscore the importance of analyzing serum FAs individually.

Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Benign Breast Tumor and Breast Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Eugene Shim ◽  
Sei Hyun Ahn ◽  
You-Jeong Hwang ◽  
Yang Cha Lee-Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Benign Breast Tumor

Brand awareness: revisiting an old metric for a new world

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Romaniuk ◽  
Samuel Wight ◽  
Margaret Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Brand awareness is a pivotal, but often neglected, aspect of consumer-based brand equity. This paper revisits brand awareness measures in the context of global brand management. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the method of Laurent et al. (1995), this cross-sectional longitudinal study examines changes in brand awareness over time, with sample sizes of approximately 300 whisky consumers per wave in three countries: United Kingdom, Taiwan and Greece. Findings There is consistency in the underlying structure of awareness scores across countries, and over time, extending the work of Laurent et al. (1995). Results show that a relevant operationalisation of brand awareness needs to account for the history of the brand. Furthermore, the nature of the variation of brand awareness over time interacts with a brand’s market share. Research limitations/implications When modelling the impact of brand awareness researchers need to consider two factors – the brand’s market share and whether a more stable or volatile measure is sought. This avoids mis-specifying the country-level contribution of brand awareness. Practical implications Global brand managers should be wary of adopting a “one size fits all” approach. The choice of brand awareness measure depends on the brand’s market share, and the desire for higher sensitivity or stability. Originality/value The paper provides one of the few multi-country investigations into brand awareness that can help inform global brand management.

scholarly journals Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition among children

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1657-1663
Author(s):  
Sehrish Naveed ◽  
Taisa Venäläinen ◽  
Aino-Maija Eloranta ◽  
Arja T Erkkilä ◽  
Henna Jalkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
The Cross

AbstractObjective:To investigate the cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition in mid-childhood.Design:Dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes were assessed using 4-d food records, and cognition was evaluated using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) score. The cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition were investigated using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body fat percentage, household income, parental education and daily energy intake.Setting:The baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study.Participants:A population-based sample of 487 children (250 boys, 237 girls) aged 6–8 years living in the city of Kuopio, Finland.Results:A higher dietary intake of fructose (standardised regression coefficient, β = 0·24, P < 0·001), total fibre (β = 0·16, P = 0·02) and soluble fibre (β = 0·15, P = 0·02) was associated with a higher RCPM score in boys. Other dietary carbohydrates and fatty acids, including total carbohydrates, glucose, sucrose, starch, insoluble fibre, total fat, SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), linoleic acid (C18:2), α-linoleic acid (C18:3), arachidonic acid (C20:4), EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-6), were not associated with the RCPM score in boys. Dietary carbohydrates or fatty acids were not associated with the RCPM score in girls.Conclusions:Higher dietary fructose and fibre intakes were associated with better cognition in boys, but not in girls. Dietary fatty acids were not related to cognition in boys or in girls.

scholarly journals Association between cognitive phenotype in unaffected siblings and prospective 3- and 6-year clinical outcome in their proband affected by psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thijs J. Burger ◽  
Frederike Schirmbeck ◽  
Jentien M. Vermeulen ◽  
Piotr J. Quee ◽  
Mariken B. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Cognitive alterations are a central and heterogeneous trait in psychotic disorders, driven by environmental, familial and illness-related factors. In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of high familial risk for cognitive alterations, unconfounded by illness-related factors, on symptomatic outcomes in patients. Methods In total, 629 probands with non-affective psychosis and their sibling not affected by psychosis were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-year follow-up. Familial cognitive risk was modeled by three cognitive subtypes (‘normal’, ‘mixed’ and ‘impaired’) in the unaffected siblings. Generalized linear mixed models assessed multi-cross-sectional associations between the sibling cognitive subtype and repeated measures of proband symptoms across all assessments. Between-group differences over time were assessed by adding an interaction effect of time and sibling cognitive subtype. Results Probands affected by psychosis with a sibling of the impaired cognitive subtype were less likely to be in symptomatic remission and showed more disorganization across all time points. When assessing differences over time, probands of siblings with the impaired cognitive subtype showed less remission and less improvement of disorganization after 3 and 6 years relative to the other subtypes. They also showed less reduction of positive, negative and excitement symptoms at 6-year follow-up compared to probands with a sibling of the normal cognitive subtype. Conclusions Cross-sibling pathways from higher levels of familial cognitive vulnerability to worse long-term outcomes may be informative in identifying cognition-related environmental and genetic risks that impact psychotic illness heterogeneity over time.

scholarly journals Human population movement can impede the elimination of soil-transmitted helminth transmission in regions with heterogeneity in mass drug administration coverage and transmission potential between villages: a metapopulation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
James E. Truscott ◽  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Roy M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Population Movement

Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affect predominantly socio-economically disadvantaged populations in sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Americas. Previous mathematical modelling studies have evaluated optimal intervention strategies to break STH transmission in clusters of villages. These studies assumed that villages are closed independent units with no movement of people in or out of communities. Here we examine how human population movement, for example, of seasonal migrant labourers, affect the outcome of mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. Results We used a stochastic individual-based metapopulation model to analyse the impact of human population movement at varying rates on STH elimination efforts. Specifically, we looked at seasonal clumped movement events of infected individuals into a village. We showed that even if on average 75% of the entire resident population within a village are treated, an annual rate of 2–3% of the population arriving from an untreated source village can reduce the probability of STH elimination to less than 50% in high-prevalence settings. If a village is infection-free, an annual movement rate of 2–3% from an infected source village imposes a risk of re-introduction of STH of 75% or higher, unless the prevalence in the source village is less than 20%. Even a single arrival of 2–3% of the population can impose a risk of re-introducing STH of 50% or greater depending on the prevalence in the source village. The risk of re-introduction also depends on both the age group of moving individuals and STH species, since the pattern of cross-sectional age-prevalence and age-intensity profiles of infection in the human host are species-specific. Conclusions Planning for STH elimination programmes should account for human mobility patterns in defined regions. We recommend that individuals arriving from areas with ongoing STH transmission should receive preventive chemotherapy for STHs. This can most easily be implemented if migration is seasonal and overlaps with treatment rounds, e.g. seasonal migrant labour. Moreover, transmission hotspots in or near treatment clusters should be eliminated, for example, by implementing appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) measures and targeting treatment to individuals living in hotspots.

scholarly journals Association of serum phospholipid fatty acids with breast cancer risk among postmenopausal cigarette smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Takata ◽  
Irena B. King ◽  
Marian L. Neuhouser ◽  
Steve Schaffer ◽  
Matt Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

PD-L1 expression of high grade glial tumors at diagnosis and change of expression status at recurrence.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2035-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basak Oyan ◽  
Seyma Eren ◽  
Ozlem Sonmez ◽  
Ferda Ozkan ◽  
Kaan Yaltırak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expression Status ◽  
Over Time

2035 Background: PD-L1 expression status is the main predictive factor for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 status may change over time with the impact of therapies. The aim of this study is to determine if PD-L1 expression status changes in recurrent gliomas after chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Thirty eight patients with recurrent high grade gliomas who had surgical excision at least two times were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Nine patients were excluded because of the lack of appropriate pathology slides for pathologic evaluation. PD-L1 expression of 29 patients was evaluated by an expert pathologist with immunohistochemical methods. PD-L1 positivity was defined as expression in ≥1% of tumor cells. Change in PD-L1 expression status was defined as an absolute 5% difference between two resections. Results: Of the 29 patients, 15 patients (51.7%) had PD-L1 expression in ≥1% of tumor cells and 7 patients (24.1%) had PD-L1 expression in ≥10% of tumor cells. Tumor PD-L1 expression (defined as expression in ≥1% of tumor cells) was positive in 15 (51.7%) of 29 patients at diagnosis and at the time of recurrence. The PD-L1 status did not change in 17 patients (58.6%). 8 patients had PD-L1 negative tumors both at diagnosis and at recurrence, while 9 patients had PD-L1 positive tumors both at diagnosis and at recurrence. In 6 patients (20.7%) a negative-to-positive switch and in 6 patients (20.7%) a positive to negative switch were seen. Tumor PD-L1 expression increased in 7 of 29 patients (24.1%) and decreased in 9 of 29 patients (31.1%). PD-L1 expression remained stable in 13 of 29 patients (34.4%). The change in PD-L1 status over time was not statistically significant. Conclusions: More than 50% of high grade glial tumors express PD-L1 at diagnosis, so these tumors are good candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors. The expression status changes in more than 40% of high grade glial tumors at recurrence, so immune responsiveness of glial tumors can be modified by treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

scholarly journals The Impact of ART on the Economic Outcomes of People Living with HIV/AIDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Nannungi ◽  
Glenn Wagner ◽  
Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Work Status ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background. Clinical benefits of ART are well documented, but less is known about its effects on economic outcomes such as work status and income in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods. Data were examined from 482 adult clients entering HIV care (257 starting ART; 225 not yet eligible for ART) in Kampala, Uganda. Self-reported data on work status and income were assessed at baseline, months 6 and 12. Multivariate analysis examined the effects of ART over time, controlling for change in physical health functioning and baseline covariates.Results. Fewer ART patients worked at baseline compared to non-ART patients (25.5% versus 34.2%); 48.8% of those not working at baseline were now working at month 6, and 50% at month 12, with similar improvement in both the ART and non-ART groups. However, multivariate analysis revealed that the ART group experienced greater improvement over time. Average weekly income did not differ between the groups at baseline nor change significantly over time, among those who were working; being male gender and having any secondary education were predictive of higher income.Conclusions. ART was associated with greater improvement in work status, even after controlling for change in physical health functioning, suggesting other factors associated with ART may influence work.

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