Polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene modify blood glucose response to dietary oils varying in monounsaturated fatty acid content in adults with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
David M Mutch ◽  
Dana E Lowry ◽  
Michael Roth ◽  
Jyoti Sihag ◽  
Shatha S Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dietary Oils ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

ABSTRACT Diets varying in saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content can impact glycemic control; however, whether underlying differences in genetic make-up can influence blood glucose responses to these dietary fatty acids is unknown. We examined the impact of dietary oils varying in SFA/MUFA content on changes in blood glucose levels (primary outcome) and whether these changes were modified by variants in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene (secondary outcome). Obese men and women participating in the randomized, crossover, isocaloric, controlled-feeding Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II consumed 3 dietary oils for 6 wk, with washout periods of ˜6 wk between each treatment. Diets studied included a high SFA/low MUFA Control oil (36.6% SFA/28.2% MUFA), a conventional canola oil (6.2% SFA/63.1% MUFA), and a high oleic acid canola oil (5.8% SFA/74.7% MUFA). No differences in fasting blood glucose were observed following the consumption of the dietary oils. However, when stratified by SCD genotypes, significant SNP-by-treatment interactions on blood glucose response were found with additive models for rs1502593 (p=0.01), rs3071 (p=0.02), and rs522951 (p=0.03). The interaction for rs3071 remained significant (p=0.005) when analyzed with a recessive model, where individuals carrying the CC genotype showed an increase (0.14±0.09 mmol/L) in blood glucose levels with the Control oil diet, but reductions in blood glucose with both MUFA oil diets. Individuals carrying the AA and AC genotypes experienced reductions in blood glucose in response to all 3 oils. These findings identify a potential new target for personalized nutrition approaches aimed at improving glycemic control.

scholarly journals Assessment of Different Commercially Available Breads and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhavana Parmar ◽  
Rupali Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Breakfast Food

Background: Bread is one of the most commonly used breakfast food in India. The consumption also increased tremendously among children and adolescents as well as to some extent among adults. It was found that white bread raises the blood glucose levels and is not considered to be a healthy breakfast option especially for those with diabetes mellitus and those at risk of increased or borderline glucose intolerance. Aim: To assess different commercially available bread and its effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals. Study Design: 5 bread varieties were chosen (namely White, Brown, Multigrain, Oats and Tutty fruity bread). The samples were fed to 30 subjects and their effect on blood glucose was analysed. Place of Study: The study was conducted in BMN College of Home Science, Matunga, Mumbai, India. Methodology: A pilot study was conducted on 30 samples to assess the Blood Glucose Levels of each type of bread. The subjects were then given bread-butter and the blood glucose response was re-tested at gap of 1 hour and 2 hour respectively. Each subject was given 5 different varieties of bread for 5 consecutive days i.e. White bread, Brown bread, Multigrain bread, Tutty Fruity bread and Oats bread. White bread is a universal standard, was used as a standard in the study.  The average plasma glucose levels were analysed in the study. Results: The average plasma glucose spike of the standard (White bread) was found to be the highest i.e (131.63 mg/dl).  It was observed that oats bread was found to have the lowest spike post 1 hour (103.43mg/dl) while tutty fruity bread exhibited a very high blood glucose response (123.90mg/dl) following the standard white bread. Conclusion: Investigations proved that oats bread should be consumed by people to mitigate metabolic syndrome due to a stressful lifestyle. Also, a healthy diet and exercise regime to be followed by subjects in the study.

scholarly journals RESPONS GLUKOSA DARAH BENIH IKAN JELAWAT (Leptobarbus hoeveni Blkr) DALAM MEDIA YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Nur Rizki ◽  
Muhammad Sugihartono ◽  
Muarofah Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Use of sweet potato leaf extract to determine the blood glucose response of jelawat fish       (L. hoeveni, Blkr)  seeds maintained in the media.This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of sweet potato leaf extract to reduce the stress level of Jelawat fish (L. hoeveni, Blkr) seeds by measuring blood glucose. In this study, four treatments were used with three replications using a concentration of 2ml / L sweet potato leaf extract, 4ml / L extract concentration, 6ml / L extract concentration, and control. The results showed that the 2ml / L extract concentration was the best because it was proven that the fish blood glucose response at every 1st, 6th, 12th hour, 24th hour, 168th hour fish (L. hoeveni, Blkr)  seed blood glucose levels nettle nearly close to normal blood glucose levels in fish.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

scholarly journals Transient bilateral diabetic cataracts in a Brazilian Terrier puppy

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Carla de Freitas Campos ◽  
Lilian Stefanoni Ferreira ◽  
Marlos Gonçalves Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Gomes Velasque Gama ◽  
José Luiz Laus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Lens Opacity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
And Control

A case of a Brazilian Terrier puppy presenting diabetic lens opacity that restored transparency after insulin therapy and control of blood glucose levels is reported. This entity has been rarely reported in human beings and has not been reported in dogs before. The rapid glycemic control may have been responsible for the transparency recovery.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prescription pattern and efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs in Coimbatore, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Nagarajaperumal Govindasamy ◽  
Mohan Sellappan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Improving Health Care

In this present study, 1500 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients were included from Coimbatore zone, Tamil Nadu, India. The blood glucose levels were monitored to correlate the glycemic control with the antidiabetic drug treatment. This study addressed many variabilities in such treatments including the prescribing pattern of various novel entities along with existing drugs for glycemic control, diabetic vascular complexities on Coimbatore zone, lack of relevant scientific data, occurrences of prescription errors, less awareness of the DM patients, the insufficient number of local hospitals and high cost of the medicine. Data analysis was carried out by segregating the DM patients under study according to their blood glucose level. Results demonstrated that brand names of anti-diabetic drugs were taken more frequently by outpatients when contrasted with inpatients. Also, the number of drugs prescribed under generic names were significantly less than prescribe brand names. Prescribed formulations results indicated that tablets were preferred over other formulations. Frequently prescribed twenty-one brands and their combination results demonstrated the popularity of the insulin human Mixtard® injection 30-40 IU. Moreover, frequently prescribed 21 branded drugs' cost were analyzed. It can be concluded from the current work that appropriate steps should be taken to raise awareness of the DM patients in Coimbatore zone so that they can follow the specialists' instruction for better hyperglycemia control. Finally, it can be suggested that the Tamil Nadu Government should put more effort on improving health care support in Coimbatore zone.Govindasamy and Sellappan, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2017, 6(5): 27-33http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue5/01.pdf

Reduced running endurance in gluconeogenesis-inhibited rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. R137-R142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. John-Alder ◽  
R. M. McAllister ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

The functional significance of gluconeogenesis in prolonging endurance during submaximal activity was assessed in untrained and endurance-trained rats. Gluconeogenesis was inhibited at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA). Endurance was significantly reduced by 3-MPA in untrained (-32%; P less than 0.005) and in trained rats (-26%; P less than 0.001). Metabolic correlates of fatigue were examined in trained rats. At exhaustion, 3-MPA-treated rats had only 3% of resting hepatic glycogen, 46% of resting white quadriceps glycogen, and 37% of resting blood glucose. All of these substrates were at higher levels in sham-injected controls after the same duration of running (130 min). Glycogen levels in red quadriceps, blood lactate levels, and blood glycerol levels were not different between groups. Plasma free fatty acid levels were elevated to the same extent in both groups after 90 min of activity, remained high at 130 min in controls, but had returned to resting levels in the severely hypoglycemic 3-MPA-treated rats at exhaustion. The results indicate that gluconeogenesis is important for maintaining blood glucose levels and for prolonging endurance time during submaximal activity.

Capsaicin-sensitive nerves are required for glucostasis but not for catecholamine output during hypoglycemia in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E212-E219 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Zhou ◽  
K. H. Jhamandas ◽  
B. G. Livett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensory Fibers

We have studied the glucose response and catecholamine (CA) response to insulin in the conscious rat to evaluate the role of sensory fibers in these responses in animals pretreated with capsaicin as neonates. In contrast to previous results obtained in anesthetized rats (Z. Khalil, B.G. Livett, and P.D. Marley. J. Physiol. Lond. 370: 201-215, 1986; Z. Khalil, B.G. Livett, and P.D. Marley. J. Physiol. Lond. 391: 511-526, 1987.), in conscious rats, insulin (1 IU/kg iv) produced only a mild hypoglycemia, which quickly returned to resting levels and caused no significant changes in plasma epinephrine levels. Somatostatin and SMS-(201-995), a somatostatin analogue, both potentiated and prolonged the insulin-induced hypoglycemia, resulting in an increase in circulating CA levels that was suppressed by hexamethonium and atropine. In capsaicin-pretreated rats the blood glucose levels at 90 min after insulin were significantly lower than those in vehicle-pretreated rats both in the presence (1 IU/kg insulin, 48 +/- 6 vs. 92 +/- 6 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.01) and absence (10 IU/kg insulin, 38 +/- 4 vs. 51 +/- 2 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.01) of SMS-(201-995). The CA levels in capsaicin-pretreated rats at 90 min after insulin were higher than in vehicle-pretreated rats (epinephrine levels: 27 +/- 4 vs. 10 +/- 1 pmol/ml in 1 IU/kg insulin, P less than 0.01; 64 +/- 14 vs. 25 +/- 5 pmol/ml in 10 IU/kg insulin, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Correlation between short- and mid-term hemoglobin A1c and glycemic control determined by continuous glucose monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hung Huang ◽  
Yung-Kuo Lin ◽  
Ting-Wei Lee ◽  
Han-Wen Liu ◽  
Yu-Mei Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background Glucose monitoring is vital for glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures whole-day glucose levels. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a vital outcome predictor in patients with DM. Methods This study investigated the relationship between HbA1c and CGM, which remained unclear hitherto. Data of patients with DM (n = 91) who received CGM and HbA1c testing (1–3 months before and after CGM) were retrospectively analyzed. Diurnal and nocturnal glucose, highest CGM data (10%, 25%, and 50%), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), percent coefficient of variation (%CV), and continuous overlapping net glycemic action were compared with HbA1c values before and after CGM. Results The CGM results were significantly correlated with HbA1c values measured 1 (r = 0.69) and 2 (r = 0.39) months after CGM and 1 month (r = 0.35) before CGM. However, glucose levels recorded in CGM did not correlate with the HbA1c values 3 months after and 2–3 months before CGM. MAGE and %CV were strongly correlated with HbA1c values 1 and 2 months after CGM, respectively. Diurnal blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c values 1–2 months before and 1 month after CGM. The nocturnal blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c values 1–3 months before and 1–2 months after CGM. Conclusions CGM can predict HbA1c values within 1 month after CGM in patients with DM.

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