scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Five-Year-Old Children and Their Correlates: Findings from a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
R Sugianto ◽  
JY Toh ◽  
SF Wong ◽  
MT Tint ◽  
MT Colega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Asian Cohort ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract There is limited data on the dietary patterns of 5-year-old children in Asia. The study examined childhood dietary patterns and their maternal and child correlates in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Based on caregiver-reported one-month quantitative food frequency questionnaires of 777 children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, cluster analysis identified two mutually exclusive clusters. Children in the “Unhealthy” cluster (43.9%) consumed more fries, processed meat, biscuits and ice cream, and less fish, fruits and vegetables compared to those in the “Healthy” cluster (56.1%). Children with mothers of lower educational attainment had twice the odds of being assigned to the “Unhealthy” cluster (adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.19 (1.49-3.24)). Children of Malay and Indian ethnicities had higher odds of being assigned to the “Unhealthy” cluster (adjusted OR = 25.46 (15.40-42.10) and 4.03 (2.68-6.06)) respectively, relative to Chinese ethnicity. In conclusion, this study identified two dietary patterns in children, labelled as the “Unhealthy” and “Healthy” clusters. Mothers’ educational attainment and ethnicity were two correlates that were associated with the children’s assignments to the clusters. These findings can assist in informing health promotion programmes targeted at Asian children.

scholarly journals Age at arrival, parents and neighborhoods: understanding the educational attainment of immigrants’ children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ansala ◽  
Ulla Hämäläinen ◽  
Matti Sarvimäki
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Neighborhood Quality ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract This article documents how children of immigrants cope in early adulthood in Finland. We first show that, on average, they have dramatically lower educational attainment than children of natives do. This difference can be attributed to age at arrival, parental income and neighborhood quality. In fact, Finnish-born children of immigrants obtain more education than children of natives growing up in the same zip codes and in families with similar parental income and family structure. Sibling comparisons suggest that age at arrival has a causal impact on educational attainment. The results are very similar for the likelihood of being idle and having been convicted of a crime, but are starkly different for the likelihood of having been reimbursed for psychotropic medication.

scholarly journals Nordic Diet and Inflammation—A Review of Observational and Intervention Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lankinen ◽  
Matti Uusitupa ◽  
Ursula Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nordic Diet

Low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been suggested to be involved in the development of chronic diseases. Healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD), may decrease the markers of LGI. Healthy Nordic diet (HND) has many similarities with MD, but its effects on LGI are less well known. Both of these dietary patterns emphasize the abundant use of fruits and vegetables (and berries in HND), whole grain products, fish, and vegetable oil (canola oil in HND and olive oil in MD), but restrict the use of saturated fat and red and processed meat. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the results of studies, which have investigated the associations or effects of HND on the markers of LGI. Altogether, only two publications of observational studies and eight publications of intervention trials were found through the literature search. Both observational studies reported an inverse association between the adherence to HND and concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A significant decrease in the concentration of hsCRP was reported in two out of four intervention studies measuring hsCRP. Single intervention studies reported the beneficial effects on interleukin 1Ra and Cathepsin S. Current evidence suggests the beneficial effects on LGI with HND, but more carefully controlled studies are needed to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of the HND.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Dietary Adaptations in Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes: Evidence From the Growing Up in New Zealand Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Lawrence ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
Frank H. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Lower Adherence

Diet is a cornerstone of the management of gestational diabetes (GDM). We investigated differences in dietary patterns and dietary adaptations among pregnant women with and without GDM participating in the Growing Up in New Zealand study. Presence of GDM was determined using coded clinical data and plasma glucose results meeting the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes diagnostic criteria. Women answered a food frequency questionnaire and questions regarding dietary changes and information received during pregnancy. Women with GDM had lower adherence scores than those without GDM for ‘Junk’ (mean (SD) score −0.28 (0.95) versus 0.02 (1.01) p < 0.0005) and ‘Traditional/White bread’ dietary patterns (−0.18 (0.93) versus 0.01 (1.01) p = 0.002). More women with GDM reported avoiding foods high in fat or sugar (25.3% versus 5.7%, p < 0.05) compared to women without GDM. A greater proportion of women with GDM compared with those without GDM received information from dietitians or nutritionists (27.0% versus 1.7%, p < 0.05) or obstetricians (12.6% versus 7.5%, p < 0.05). More women diagnosed before the antenatal interview received advice from dietitians or nutritionists compared with those diagnosed after (46.9% versus 6.0%, p < 0.05). Women with GDM appear to make positive changes to their diet in response to advice received from health care professionals.

scholarly journals Comparison of two exploratory dietary patterns in association with the metabolic syndrome in a Northern German population

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1364-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janett Barbaresko ◽  
Sabine Siegert ◽  
Manja Koch ◽  
Imke Aits ◽  
Wolfgang Lieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
German Population ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Diet is related to many chronic disease conditions such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We set out to compare behaviour-related with disease-related patterns and their association with the MetS in a German cross-sectional study. A total of 905 participants of a Northern German cohort (aged 25–82 years) completed a FFQ, underwent anthropometric assessments and provided a blood sample. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced-rank regression (RRR) from forty-two food groups. Components of the MetS were used as response variables for the RRR analysis. Simplified patterns comprising ten food groups were generated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of having the MetS across the quartiles of simplified pattern scores. We identified two similar dietary patterns derived by PCA and RRR characterised by high intakes of potatoes, various vegetables, red and processed meat, fats, sauce and bouillon. Comparing simplified patterns, an increased RRR pattern score was associated with a higher OR (2·18, 95 % CI 1·25, 3·81) of having the MetS than an increased PCA pattern score (OR 1·92, 95 % CI 1·21, 3·03). Comparing concordant food groups by both dietary pattern methods, a diet high in legumes, beef, processed meat and bouillon was also positively associated with the prevalence of the MetS after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1·71, 95 % CI 1·04, 2·79). We identified a behaviour-related pattern that was positively associated with the MetS. The application of both dietary pattern methods may be advantageous to obtain information for designing and realising dietary guidelines. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.

Validation of the FRESH Austin Food Frequency Questionnaire Using Multiple 24-hour Dietary Recalls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
CES Jovanovic ◽  
J Whitefield ◽  
DM Hoelscher ◽  
B Chen ◽  
N Ranjit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Local Health Center ◽  
Community Health Clinic

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) utilized in the Food Retail: Evaluating Strategies for a Healthy Austin (FRESH Austin) study, designed to evaluate changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) in diverse low-income communities in Austin, TX. Design: The FRESH Austin FFQ was validated against three 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDRs). All dietary assessments were administered (in-person or by telephone) by trained investigators. Setting: Recruitment was conducted at sites within the geographic areas targeted in the FRESH Austin recruitment. People at a community health clinic, a local health center, and a YMCA within the intervention area were approached by trained and certified data collectors, and invited to participate. Participants: Among n=56 participants, 83% were female, 46% were non-White, 24% had income < $25K/year, and 30% spoke only/mostly Spanish at home. Results: The FFQ and average of three 24hDRs produce similar estimates of average total servings per day across FV (6.68 and 6.40 servings per day, respectively.) Correlations produced measures from 0.01 for “Potatoes” and 0.59 for “Other Vegetables”. Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPE) values were small for all FV, suggesting the variance of the error estimates were also small. Bland-Altman plots indicate acceptable levels of agreement between the two methods. Conclusion: These outcomes indicate that the FRESH FFQ is a valid instrument for assessing FV consumption. The validation of the FRESH Austin FFQ provides important insights for evaluating community-based efforts to increase FV consumption in diverse populations.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Johansson ◽  
Dag S. Thelle ◽  
Kari Solvoll ◽  
Gunn-Elin Aa. Bjørneboe ◽  
Christian A. Drevon
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of social status and lifestyle for dietary habits, since these factors may influence life expectancy. We studied the association of four indicators for healthy dietary habits (fruits and vegetables, fibre, fat and Hegsted score) with sex, age, socio-economic status, education, physical leisure exercise, smoking and personal attention paid to keeping a healthy diet. Data were gathered with a self-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of Norwegian men and women aged 16–79 years in a national dietary survey, of whom 3144 subjects (63%) responded. Age and female sex were positively associated with indicators for healthy dietary habits. By separate evaluation length of education, regular physical leisure exercise and degree of attention paid to keeping a healthy diet were positively associated with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. Socio-economic status, location of residence and smoking habits were associated with from one to three indicators for healthy dietary habits. In a multiple regression model, age, education and location of residence together explained from 1 to 9% of the variation (R2) in the four dietary indicators. Length of education was significantly associated with three of four dietary indicators both among men and women. By including the variable ‘attention paid to keeping a healthy diet’ in the model, R2 increased to between 4 and 15% for the four dietary indicators. Length of education remained correlated to three dietary indicators among women, and one indicator among men, after adjusting for attention to healthy diet, age and location of residence. Residence in cities remained correlated to two indicators among men, but none among women, after adjusting for age, education and attention to healthy diet. In conclusion, education was associated with indicators of a healthy diet. Attention to healthy diet showed the strongest and most consistent association with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. This suggests that personal preferences may be just as important for having a healthy diet as social status determinants.

scholarly journals Financial literacy and retirement planning in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BOISCLAIR ◽  
ANNAMARIA LUSARDI ◽  
PIERRE-CARL MICHAUD
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Risk Diversification ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

AbstractIn this paper, we draw on internationally comparable survey evidence on financial literacy and retirement planning in Canada to investigate how financially literate Canadians are and how financial literacy is linked to retirement planning. We find that 42% of respondents are able to correctly answer three simple questions measuring knowledge of interest compounding, inflation, and risk diversification. This is consistent with evidence from other countries, and Canadians perform relatively well in comparison with Americans but worse than individuals in other countries, such as Germany. Among Canadian respondents, the young and the old, women, minorities, and those with lower educational attainment do worse, a pattern that has been consistently found in other countries as well. Retirement planning is strongly associated with financial literacy; those who responded correctly to all three financial literacy questions are 10 percentage points more likely to have retirement savings.

scholarly journals Association between body weight misperception and dietary patterns in Brazilian adolescents: Cross-sectional study using ERICA data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257603
Author(s):  
Simoni Urbano da Silva ◽  
Mariane de Almeida Alves ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos ◽  
Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Laura Augusta Barufaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Misperception ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Sweet Foods

The association between body image and eating behaviors or weight control strategies has been demonstrated in the scientific literature, but there is a lack of evidence on the association between weight misperception and food consumption indicators in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight misperception and dietary patterns (DPs) in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). It was a national school-based cross-sectional study conducted among students aged 12–17 years. Data were collected in the form of anthropometric measurements, responses in self-answered questionnaires, and 24-h dietary recall. The following variables were assessed: weight underestimation and overestimation (independent variables), which were defined as the presence of a disagreement between nutritional status and self-perceived weight; dietary patterns (dependent variables), defined by a posteriori method using principal component factor analysis; and individual and demographic variables (covariates). Data analysis was performed using the Poisson regression models method, stratified by sex. A total of 52,038 adolescents with normal weights were evaluated. The weight misperception prevalence was 34.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.0, 35.0). Three DPs were identified: “Traditional Brazilian,” “Processed meat sandwiches and coffee,” and “Ultra-processed and sweet foods.” In girls, weight underestimation was directly associated with the “Traditional Brazilian” (1.24; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.43) and “Ultra-processed and sweet foods” DPs (1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.54), and overestimation was inversely associated with all the DPs. In boys, a direct association between underestimation and the “Ultra-processed and sweet foods” DP (1.29; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.51) was found. Overestimation was inversely associated with the “Traditional Brazilian” DP (0.79; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.99). The inverse association between overestimation and the “Traditional Brazilian” DP, and the direct association between underestimation and the “Ultra-processed and sweet foods” DP indicated that weight misperception was related to unhealthy eating habits in Brazilian adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document