scholarly journals Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with dyslipidemia among the U.S. adults: the findings from NHANES 2009-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Lixin Cai ◽  
Senmiao Ni ◽  
Zihang Zhong ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Intake

Abstract Dyslipidemia, a significant risk factor of cardiovascular disease, is threatening human health worldwide with a high economic burden. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are crucial long-chain fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis and removal, potentially decreasing dyslipidemia risk. We examined dyslipidemia prevalence among 15,244 adults aged ≥20 years from NHANES 2009-2016. The dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL/50 mg/dL for males/females respectively, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, or triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL, or taking lipid-modifying medications. We measured the daily PUFA intake using a 24-h dietary recall. Demographics, social-economics, and lifestyle factors were collected using questionnaires/interviews. Additionally, we measured selenium and mercury levels in the whole blood. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between PUFAs and dyslipidemia. The unweighted and weighted dyslipidemia prevalences were 72.4% and 71.0%, respectively. When grouped into tertiles, PUFA intake above 19.524 g/day was associated with an independent 19% decrease in dyslipidemia risk [O.R.=0.81(95%C.I.: 0.71-0.94)] compared with the lowest tertile (PUFA intake ≤12.349 g/day). A threshold inverse association was further determined by the restricted cubic spline analysis. When PUFA intake was increased to its turning point, i.e., 19 g/day, the lower nadir risk for dyslipidemia was obtained [O.R.=0.72(95% C.I.: 0.56-0.89)]. When the exposure was the sum of α-linolenic acid and octadecatetraenoic acid, the inverse linear association remained. Dietary PUFA intake is a beneficial factor for dyslipidemia among American adults, independent of many potential confounders, including mercury and selenium. Future prospective studies are warranted.

Pediatric Victims of Unexplained Stroke and Their Families: Familial Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Charles J. Glueck ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
Stephen Bates ◽  
Corning Benton ◽  
Trent Tracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Premature Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Low Levels

The finding of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) and/or high levels of triglyceride in several children with "unexplained" ischemic cerebrovascular accidents led to a systematic review of lipids and lipoproteins in 11 pediatric victims of unexplained stroke and their families. Each of the children, 1 to 17 years of age, had an acute, nonhemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident documented by symptoms, signs, history, physical examination, and laboratory radiographic studies; no known causes or strong preclisposing factors were elicited. Of the 11 pediatric stroke probands, only one had normal lipid and lipoprotein levels; five had low C-HDL levels alone, two had elevated levels of plasma triglycerides with low C-HDL levels, two had high levels of triglycerides with normal C-HDL levels, and one had high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) alone. A consistent trend toward familial clustering of low C-HDL, elevated triglyceride, and/or C-LDL levels was observed. Nine of the 11 kindreds had two generation parent:child stroke proband, or parent:child clustering of elevated triglyceride and/or depressed C-HDL levels, whereas one parent:child stroke proband pair had elevated levels of C-LDL. In five of nine kindreds for whom siblings of the pediatric stroke probands were available for testing, there were low C-HDL and/or high triglyceride levels in otherwise healthy and entirely asymptomatic siblings. In nine of the 11 kindreds premature coronary heart disease and/or ischemic cerebrovascular disease was observed in the probands' adult relatives. We speculate that familial lipoprotein abnormalities, particularly those involving low levels of C-HDL and/or high levels of triglycerides, may mediate occlusive cerebrovascular arteriosclerosis, and thus may predispose children to ischemic cerebrovascular strokes. The apparent association of lipoproteins and ischemic strokes in children and their families merits further exploration with a particular focus on familial aggregation of low C-HDL levels, already known to be a significant risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in adults.

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolaemic and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Palm-Based Oils (NoveLin I and NoveLin II) in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Che Anishas Che Idris ◽  
Siew Wai Lin ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Equal Distribution

NoveLin I and NoveLin II are palm-based oils. NoveLin I has an equal distribution of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas NoveLin II has a moderate level of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a lower content of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, their hypocholesterolaemic and anti-atherogenic effects have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the hypocholesterolaemic and anti-atherogenic effects of these oils. Forty male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups and fed with diets containing 35% energy fat with added 0.15% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. Group 1, as the control group (CNO) was fed with a diet containing coconut oil, group 2 and 3 were fed with diets containing either NoveLin I or NoveLin II, and group 4, was fed with diet containing olive oil (OLV) for 100 days. Our results demonstrated that both NoveLin groups have significantly lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL–C) compared to CNO group and are comparable to the OLV group. Low density lipoprotein–cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL/HDL–C) ratio was significantly lower after the NoveLin II diet but attained significance only in comparison to NoveLin I and CNO groups. Aortic fibrous plaque score was significantly lower in both NoveLin groups compared to CNO group. Our findings suggest that despite the high-fat cholesterol diet, NoveLin II oil resulted in atherogenic effects comparable to olive oil.

scholarly journals Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Gupta ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Karla Luna ◽  
Anjali Logue ◽  
Alexander J Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1

Rationale: Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to undergo oxidation as compared to non-user controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods and Results: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. Plasma arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was higher in TC-smokers but lower in EC-users, together with linoleic acid (LA) concentration, as compared to TC-smokers and non-users (p<0.05). Oxidized LA metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Consistently, TAC and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces common (i.e. lower 9- and/or 13-HODEs and higher TAC and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered AA and LA concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Treatment on Lipid Pattern of HIV Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Enrico Strocchi ◽  
Maddalena Veronesi ◽  
Claudio Borghi ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk

Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify published clinical trials assessing the effect of PUFAs treatment on serum lipoproteins, and its safety profile. The effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios and the 95% CI were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel method. Data were pooled from nine clinical studies comprising overall 578 HIV-affected subjects. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.5, −0.58 mmol/L, p < 0.001), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.61 mmol/L, p = 0.004), without affecting serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and A1. Change in TG was significantly associated with eicosapentaenoic acid administered via daily dose. PUFA treatment did not lead to an increased risk of adverse events. In conclusion, PUFAs are safe and exert a significant plasma lipid improving effect in HIV-positive patients.

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