The Economic Performance of Military Regimes: A Cross-National Aggregate Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McKinlay ◽  
A. S. Cohan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cross National

The military regime has now become a common phenomenon throughout the world. Research on the military in low-income systems used to focus on the military coup rather than on the military regime, but in recent years this imbalance has lessened. Moreover, many of the old ‘standard findings’ about military regimes have come to be rejected. It is fitting that they should have been since they tended to be the products more of stereotyping and inadequate theorizing than of systematic research.

Performance and Instability in Military and Nonmilitary Regime Systems

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McKinlay ◽  
A. S. Cohan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Performance Of Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military

The analysis of military regimes, as opposed to military coups, has attracted comparatively little attention. This paper examines whether the political, military, and economic performance of systems which have experienced a military regime differs from the performance of systems which have not. The comparison between the performance of these two types of system is then used to examine the validity of the occurrence of a military regime as an indicator of instability. The population consists of all independent countries of the world. The time span examined is 1961–70. The comparison is made across a number of political, military, and economic variables. The basic comparison is elaborated by introducing controls for GNP, area, number of coups, and duration of the military regime. While the controls show a number of variations, the main summary finding is that it is easy to differentiate military and non-military regime systems in political terms, but not in military and economic terms. This finding seriously questions the utility of the occurrence of a military regime as an indicator of instability.

Introductory Aspects on Human Rights Violations Suffered by Indigenous Peoples during the Period of Brazilian Civil-Military Dictatorship

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luane Flores Chuquel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Military

This current work studies the human rights violations suffered by indigenous peoples during the period of the Brazilian CivilMilitary Dictatorship. Likewise, it makes some notes about the beginning of the violations in a moment before this dark period. On this path, even before the Military Coup was launched in the year 1964 (one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four), the Indians were already experiencing constant usurpations of their rights at the expense of irresponsibilities commanded most of the time, by those who should watch over their rights lives. As will be seen, the violation and disrespect for Human Rights in the face of these peoples ended up becoming common and gaining strength mainly in the beginning of the implementation of the military regime. Negligent attempts at acculturation and "emancipation", in addition to inconsequential contacts with isolated peoples, culminated in the destruction and predatory logging of their lands. Missing processes of terribly violating demarcations of indigenous areas promoted the expulsion of countless peoples, causing the Indians to fall into a life totally surrounded by hunger, begging, alcoholism and prostitution. All in the name of the so-called “economic advance”, which aimed at building roads, in what was called “occupation of the Amazon”? As frequently stated by the authorities at the time, the Amazon rainforest was seen and understood as a “population void” by the Military Government. According to this thought idealized by the disgusting dictators and supporters, it will be observed that the cases of violations of Human Rights have been systematically “legalized”. The life, land and culture of indigenous peoples were left in the background. Depending on this brief narrative developed through documentary research, based on a hypothetical-deductive method, the intention is to rescue the martyrdoms of that time, demonstrating what actually happened to indigenous peoples during the Military Regime, in the simplest attempt to remember or even disclose to those who are unaware of this part of history. All that said, don't you forget. So that it never happens again.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Barr-Melej
Keyword(s):  
Military Regime ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte ◽  
Augusto Pinochet ◽  
The Military

The epilogue briefly pushes the book’s discussion forward in time, into 1974, when countercultural youths faced very different conditions put upon them by a military regime whose leaders were familiar with anticounterculture discourses, especially those of the Allende years. Upon the military coup (led by General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte) that ended Allende’s presidency and democracy in September 1973, matters turned from troublesome to dismal for many hippies (including Jorge Gómez), Siloists, and countercultural youths in general as the dictatorship forcefully imposed its notion about youth, discipline, and culture.

Clientelism and Democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-435
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are rapidly increasing across the world. While national governments are usually seen as having the power, authority, and ability to make significant reductions in their CO2 outputs, cross-national research rarely focuses on the institutional structures of states that moderate their CO2 emissions. Previous research that focuses on internal state factors largely focus on democracy and find wildly conflicting results. This research argues that clientelism is a missing piece of the puzzle in explaining how democracy impacts CO2 emissions. Building on the extant contradictory research, the present study uses two-way fixed effects regression analysis for 150 nations from 1971-2014 to understand how the interaction between clientelism and democracy impacts CO2 emissions. The findings reveal that controlling for clientelism reduces CO2 outputs more in high-income and low-income nations with higher levels of participatory democracy. However, the interaction is not statistically significant for all nations, nor for middle-income nations. These results suggest that reducing clientelist relationships in nations with high- and low-incomes, but not middle incomes will make participatory democracies more effective at reducing CO2 emissions.

Burkina junta face battle consolidating takeover

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
The Military

Significance The military coup, which began on September 16, has dealt a major blow towards restoring constitutional order. The 'soft coup' ousting last year of former President Blaise Compaore was on the back of a popular insurrection. This new coup represents a grab for power by old regime members. Presidential and legislative elections due on October 11 are unlikely to take place as scheduled. Impacts Prolonged unrest in Burkina will jeopardise the ability of France and the United States to use the country as a counterterrorism base. Compaore's possible role in the coup, from his current base in Ivory Coast, could embarrass the Ivorian president's own re-election bid. If the crisis persists, Burkina's steady economic performance will be imperilled from suspensions in donor support.

scholarly journals Myanmar: Surveillance and the Turn from Authoritarianism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Dean
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Aung San Suu Kyi ◽  
National League ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
The Military

In Myanmar, one of the longest ruling military regimes in the world (1962—2011) exerting unrestrained coercion and relying on a pervasive security apparatus, has accepted a constitution and competitive elections. The military directed concatenation of developments but especially the Constitution that legalizes a unique power-sharing arrangement between the military and the elected government, contribute to the exceptionalism but also continuing coercion of Myanmar’s military, even under the democratically elected popular government of former democracy icons Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy. Holding that a key step in a democratic transition must involve the scaling down of state coercive apparatus, the article demonstrates how this has not been the case in Myanmar. The size, expenditure and revenues of the armed forces have been maintained, the surveillance for political and social control continues, while the spread of mobile communication devices, and particularly social media, has opened up more extensive and easier opportunities for monitoring. Subjugating the practices of surveillance to laws is not prioritized in the complex political context of multiple pressing issues.

scholarly journals THE JOURNAL CADERNOS BRASILEIROS AND THE CONGRESS FOR CULTURAL FREEDOM, 1959-1970

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ridenti
Keyword(s):  
Military Regime ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Congress For Cultural Freedom ◽  
Cultural Freedom ◽  
The Military ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Brazilian Journal

Abstract The article reconstructs and analyses the links between the journal Cadernos Brasileiros and the Congress for Cultural Freedom, which involved a relation of both dependency and relative autonomy, between 1959 and 1970. Despite both institutions claiming to be liberal and anti-communist, they did not always fully coincide in their response to decisive historical events of the period, such as the 1964 military coup in Brazil, collaboration with the military regime and resistance to it. The intellectuals involved with the Brazilian journal were active in the ongoing social struggles, shifting from strong anti-communist positions, favourable to what they called the '1964 revolution,' to the later formulation of criticism of the military regime, opening up the journal to collaboration of social scientists considered left-wing, without losing the opportunity to accommodate the demands of the regime in power.

scholarly journals O transcinema de Lúcia Murat. Memórias dos anos 70 por meio da imersão e da coautoria com o espectador.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Costa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Video Art ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Trompe L'oeil ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Photo Album ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
The Military ◽  
With Memory

A long trip (2012), by Lúcia Murat, turns the screen into a postcard, video art, live cinema, installation, photo album, letter, map ... It works as a register of an era as ‘transcinema’. The film mixes past and present, reality and fiction, to recount the steps of Heitor, the filmmaker’s brother, who was sent abroad in 1969 by the family in fear that he would follow Lúcia’s footsteps in the armed struggle. It’s updates the cinematographic devices and turns the viewer into a co-author. Filled with hybrids, it enlarges the possibilities of the ‘cinema form’, expanding it. Digital features allow for a strong ‘between-the-images’, uniting projections of differents supports, temporalities, spatialities and cultures.The nine years when Lúcia and Heitor were apart _ when he took two trips around the world, while she was trying to survive under the oppression of the military regime _ function also as a way to highlights the memories of an obscure period in Brazil. It creates a paradoxical and synaesthetic immersion at the 70’s, where “getting lost seemed to be the only way to find oneself”. Under the effect of an ‘endless eye’, it generates a powerful ‘trompe l’oeil’ that broadens horizons. ‘Infinite lucarne’ lead the viewer to fill in the gaps in a psychedelic kaleidoscope and to experience the film as an observer who atones for this generation’s deeds. The goal of this work is to analyze these constructions and identify how this language helps promote immersion in the film, which works with memory.

scholarly journals De um ditador civil aos ditadores militares

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciel José Ganancini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Getulio Vargas ◽  
The Military

Resumo: Este artigo aborda uma parte da história política do Brasil, situando o período compreendido entre os governos de Getúlio Vargas, a partir de 1930, e o golpe civil-militar de 1964. O referido período esteve marcado por profundas mudanças econômicas, políticas e culturais, seja no Brasil, seja no restante do mundo. No artigo abordaremos a ascensão de Getúlio Vargas, o seu relacionamento com os militares, bem como o fortalecimento das Forças Armadas e sua atuação na política brasileira do século XX. Palavras-chave: Getúlio Vargas. Forças Armadas. Golpe de 1964. FROM A CIVIL DICTATOR TO MILITARY DICTATORS Abstract: This article discusses some of the political history of Brazil, closing the period between Getulio Vargas’s governments, in 1930, and civil-military coup in 1964. This period was marked by deep economic, political and cultural changes, both in Brazil and in the world. In this article we discuss the rise of Getulio Vargas’s government, his relationship with the military, as well as the strengthening of the armed forces and its role in the twentieth century Brazilian politics. Keywords: Getúlio Vargas. Military Forces. Coup of 1964.

scholarly journals O REGIME MILITAR, OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E A IGREJA (1972-1986) * THE MILITARY REGIME, HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE CHURCH (1972-1986)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Egberto Pereira Dos Reis ◽  
José Carlos Rothen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo tem como finalidade abordar a postura da Igreja Católica, diante do regime militar e dos direitos humanos. A nossa pesquisa tem como fonte principal a Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira (REB) no período entre 1972 a 1986. Inicialmente a Igreja apoia o golpe cívico/militar e depois parte dela denuncia as violações de direitos humanos por parte do regime. Assim, identificamos tendências conservadoras e progressistas na instituição eclesial, travando guerras de posição segundo a concepção de Gramsci.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> Regime militar; Igreja; Direitos humanos; Teologia da Libertação.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article has purpose to approach the position of the Catholic Church, before the military regime and human rights. Our research has as its main source Revista Brasileira Ecclesiastical (REB) in the period from 1972 to 1986. Initially the Church supports the civic/military coup and then part of it denounces human rights violations by the regime. Thus, we identified conservative and progressive trends in the ecclesial institution, locking position of wars according to the conception of Gramsci.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Military regime; Church; Human Rights; Libertation Theology.</p>

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