Television and Presidential Popularity in America

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell M. West
Keyword(s):  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Television Content ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Presidential Popularity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Presidential Approval Ratings ◽  
The Impact

Presidential approval ratings are a frequently used barometer of performance and popularity. However, despite recognition of the media age in which we live, little work has examined the impact of television on presidential popularity. Using a 1980 and 1984 television content study, panel data from the 1980 National Election Study and rolling cross-sectional data from the 1984 Continuous Monitoring Study, I compare two American presidents (Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan) commonly seen as having different effectiveness on television. While media effects were not uniformly present during the two presidencies, there was some evidence that television harmed popularity, particularly when the content of news stories and commentary turned negative. I conclude by discussing the ramifications of these results for presidential strategies based on ‘going public’.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mass Media in Using Contraceptives among Married Males-A study from Hatiya VDC of Makawanpur, Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Supendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To analyze the association between exposure to mass media and use of contraceptive.Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, 387 married males of Hatiya VDC were randomly selected. This study uses semi-structured questionnaire to acquire information regarding background character of respondents and the exposure of family planning message to mass media.Results: Both print and electronic media were found major reproductive health information dissemination tools. Exposure was positively related to age, education level, income, partner approval and discussed family planning with partner. There was no significant difference in exposure based on number of living children.Conclusion: Findings from this study are consistent with the interpretation that mass media promotion of the family planning message motivated sexual partners to discuss use of the contraceptives, and that discussion exerted a strong influence on their intention to use it. The programmatic implications of these findings are that multiple media channels should continue to be used to promote family planning and other reproductive health issues. Priority should be given to media channels that reach large numbers of the intended audience, but supporting channels (such as print and interpersonal communication) should also be included in the media mix.Key words: Mass media; ContraceptivesDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2928Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.9-11 

A Statewide Survey of General Practitioners in NSW, Australia, about Immunisation and Strategies to Increase Childhood Immunisation Rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Victoria C Guevarra ◽  
Leena Gupta ◽  
Timothy C Heath ◽  
Margaret A Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Parental Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

A statewide survey was conducted to ascertain GPs' views in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, about the potential usefulness of strategies to increase immunisation rates and to facilitate providing childhood immunisation in their practice. The survey also explored the usefulness of information sources about immunisation. From September 1997-January 1998, a cross-sectional study using a four page self-administered questionnaire was undertaken. Four hundred GPs practising in NSW, Australia were randomly selected and 343 were eligible to participate. Of these, 281 returned a completed questionnaire (82% response rate). Ninety-one percent and 88% of GPs, respectively, agreed that television campaigns or registering children with the national Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) w ere likely to increase immunisation rates. Sixty-two percent of respondents considered that the media created unwarranted parental concern about immunisation. GPs most commonly rated availability of an ACIR list of children overdue for immunisation, better parent educational material and better access to vaccines as strategies which would make immunisation easier. Sixty percent of respondents felt that increased GP payments would be successful in increasing immunisation rates. Only 51% indicated that they had used the “Australian Immunisation Procedures Handbook 6th edition” (a national clinical practice guideline) in the previous month. This study identified GP support for many initiatives aimed at increasing immunisation rates in Australia although GPs were sceptical about the benefits of some programmes. Studies to monitor the impact of GP incentives on immunisation rates in populations and individual practices are underway. These will be useful in determining whether GPs' opinions found in our study correlate with practice in this regard.

scholarly journals Terrorist Attacks & Presidential Approval Rating

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Approval Rating ◽  
Presidential Approval Ratings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

After the attacks of September 11th the U.S. focused much of its foreign policy efforts on the War on Terror and prevention of another attack on U.S. soil. This paper will look at terrorist attacks dating back to 1970 in order to fully understand the impact of terrorist attacks on U.S. presidential approval ratings and the existence of the ‘rally around the flag’ effect during different administrations. Location, lethality, style, and political affiliation of the president will be variables focused on in a pre and post 9/11 context. This paper will give special consideration to 9/11, excluding the attacks in many cases, in order to view if there is a significant stable impact on approval ratings from terrorist attacks over time.

scholarly journals Labour Induction with Misoprostol in German Obstetric Clinics: What Are the Facts on Such Use?

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (08) ◽  
pp. 955-965
Author(s):  
Sven Kehl ◽  
Christel Weiss ◽  
Werner Rath ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Florian Stumpfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Induction Agent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Subject While the synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol is the most effect labour induction agent, its use is off-label for the most part. For this reason, and in view of its potential adverse effects and varying approaches to its administration, the drug has recently once again become a focus of critical attention. The objective of this survey was thus to establish a record of labour induction with misoprostol in German clinics and determine the impact of the negative reporting on everyday obstetric practice. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 635 obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Germany were requested by email to participate in our survey in February/March 2020. Online responses to 19 questions were requested regarding the clinic, use of misoprostol before and after the critical reporting, use of misoprostol (sourcing, method of administration, dosage, monitoring) and other labour induction methods. Results A total of 262 (41.3%) of the clinics solicited for the survey completed the questionnaire. There were no differences regarding the care level (Perinatal Centre Level I, Perinatal Centre Level II, Clinic with Perinatal Focus or Obstetric/Private Clinic; p = 0.2104) or birth counts (p = 0.1845). In most cases, misoprostol was prepared in the clinicʼs own pharmacy (54%) or imported from another country (46%) and administered orally in tablet form (95%). Misoprostol dosage levels varied (25 µg [48%], 50 µg [83%], 75 µg [6%], 100 µg [47%] and > 100 µg [5%]). Most of the clinics used premanufactured tablets/capsules (59%), although Cytotec tablets were also divided (35%) or dissolved in water (5%). Misoprostol administration intervals were mainly every 4 hours (64%) or every 6 hours (30%). CTG checks were run in most cases before and after administration of a dose of misoprostol (78% and 76%) and before and after administration of a dose of prostaglandin E2 (both 88%). Presence of contractions led to no misoprostol (59%) or no prostaglandin E2 (64%) being administered in most cases. The critical reporting resulted in discontinuation of use of misoprostol in 17% of the clinics – mainly smaller obstetric/private clinics with fewer than 1000 births. Labour cocktails were used mainly in obstetric and private clinics (61%). Conclusion Misoprostol is an established agent for labour induction in German clinics. The dosing schemes used vary. Improvements of currently common management practices are required, especially in the area of labour induction (CTG checks before and after administration of labour-inducing medication, no administration of prostaglandin if contractions are ongoing). The discussion of use of misoprostol in the media resulted in stoppage of its use mainly in smaller clinics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the free caesarean section initiative at the Nabil Choucair Health Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M M M Leye ◽  
E T Mbengue ◽  
A Tal Dia
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Drug Expenditure ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The initiative for free caesareans was officially launched in December 2004. Our study, with The overall objective of contributing to an evaluation of the impact of this initiative on the operation of the Nabil Choucair Health Center (NCHC) will strengthen its implementation. Methods This is an analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study conducted from September 1 to October 31, 2017 at NCHC. It focused on four target populations: providers, beneficiaries, members of health and co-management committees, and those responsible for maternity and the laboratory. Data entry and analysis were performed with the Excel software and EPI Info version 3.3.2. Results The survey involved a total of 135 beneficiaries, 55 providers, 11 co-management committee members, 2 health committee members, the manager, the laboratory manager, and the chief medical officer of the community. maternity. The average age of the beneficiaries was 29.31 years. The media represented the main source of information with 52%. Despite the free cost of drug expenditure was 40039 FCFA. The average waiting time was 5 hours. The most frequently mentioned problems were: delay in repayment, influx, debt of the structure, abuse of benefits, breakage of reagents and / or drugs. At NCHC 33% of deliveries are by caesarean section. The rate of caesarean section in population has increased from 4% to 8% with free delivery. Conclusions It seems appropriate to make recommendations for the referral of providers on free caesarean section, for the management of cesarean section, for reorganization of services and for the improvement of the quality of reception. Key messages Caesarean. Universal health coverage.

Exposure to Immigration in the News: The Impact of Group-Level Emotions on Intergroup Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Atwell Seate ◽  
Dana Mastro
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Numerous empirical investigations demonstrate that exposure to the stereotypic and oftentimes threatening portrayals of race/ethnicity in the media predict a wide range of unfavorable intergroup outcomes. The current study extends this work by experimentally examining the role of emotions in this process. Specifically, a 2 (Immigration Threat: Present/Absent) × 2 (Ingroup Emotion Endorsement: Present/Absent) + 1 (Control Group) experimental design tests the influence of exposure to immigration news stories on group-level emotions and intergroup behaviors. Findings indicate that exposure to threatening immigration news coverage indirectly influences intergroup outcomes through group-level emotions. Exposure to immigration news indirectly produces active and passive harming behaviors through feelings of contempt. These results provide an important first step in understanding a broader array of media-related intergroup processes and effects.

scholarly journals Uncharted waters: the effects of COVID-19 on student paramedics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Whitfield ◽  
Andre Perkins ◽  
Sarah Kelly ◽  
Hannah Dumbleton
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Perceived Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Introduction The effect of COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns on education has been discussed broadly in both the media and among academics, however its true effects on paramedicine students and their ability to attend in-person lectures, skill sessions and clinical placements has not been widely researched. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on a group of paramedicine students at an Australian university. Methods A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of first and second year paramedicine students was undertaken to explore their perceived experiences of COVID-19 through both qualitative and quantitative responses. Results A total of 83 paramedicine students from Griffith University in Queensland participated in the survey, demonstrating an 84.7% response rate. Of the participants, 78.3% (n=65) disagreed that online workshop sessions were as valuable as face-to-face sessions. Similarly, the majority of participants (61.5%, n=51) disagreed that online lectures and tutorials were as beneficial as in-person equivalents. A further 61.4% (n=51) of students agreed that COVID-19-associated lockdowns had negatively impacted their ability to formulate strong personal relationships that are important for university, however 78.3% of students agreed that communication platforms assisted in maintaining some form of social interaction. Conclusion The results from this study demonstrate that the educational and social impacts of COVID-19 on paramedicine students were highly diverse, and were contingent on several factors including but not limited to: year of study, learning style, previously established social connections and extenuating life circumstances.

Assessing the Impact of Televised Debates: The Case of the 1988 Canadian Election

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Blais ◽  
M. Martin Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Televised Debates

A methodology is proposed for assessing the impact of televised debates on electoral outcomes, and it is applied to a specific case, that of the 1988 Canadian election. We present four tests of the debates' impact: first, a cross-sectional group comparison, which contrasts the voting behaviour of those who did and those who did not see the debates; secondly, a panel analysis of the shift in party support, before and after the debates, among those who watched the debates and those who did not; thirdly, a panel study of the impact of reactions to the debates on voting behaviour; and, fourthly, a time-series analysis, which examines the evolution of vote intentions over the course of the campaign and, more precisely, before and after the debates.It is argued that because non-watchers are influenced by what their friends or the media tell them about the debates, the first two designs, based on a comparison of debate watchers and non-watchers, are not appropriate. The empirical analysis of the 1988 Canadian election substantiates this point. While these first two designs seem to indicate no debate impact, panel reaction and time-series analyses show that the debates had a substantial and enduring impact on the vote and that they were decisive in the contest for second place between the Liberals and the NDP.

Gendered Opportunities and Constraints: How Executive Sex and Approval Influence Executive Decree Issuance

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shair-Rosenfield ◽  
Alissandra T. Stoyan
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Presidential Popularity ◽  
Presidential Approval Ratings

Do female executives exercise the authority of their office distinctly from their male counterparts? Anecdotal evidence suggests women legislators are likely to govern in a more consensual manner than men. Yet there has been little systematic research extending such claims to women in executive office. Using an original data set, we evaluate one aspect of policy agenda setting—rates of executive decree issuance—among four male–female pairs of Latin American presidents between 2000 and 2014. Female presidents are generally less prone to rule by decree, but this relationship is conditioned by presidential popularity. Female executives with high presidential approval ratings are less likely to rule via unilateral action than similarly popular male executives, but the gendered differences in decree issuance disappear when executives possess low approval ratings. Our findings have implications for understanding the potential benefits of feminine leadership styles for executive–legislative relations and good governance.

scholarly journals Media parenting in rural part of India and its impact on children-a cross-sectional study, a media-parent study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Bishnupriya Sahoo ◽  
Rupali Malik ◽  
. Richa ◽  
Daksh Yadav ◽  
Satya Kiran Kapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Background: Media and gadgets are increasingly used in urban areas and rural pockets, among adults and children as well. Excessive use of media has its own negative consequences. Aim of the present study is to address, role of media in parenting practices, children’s daily activities and school performance. The objectives are to assess the pattern and reason for media use by children and the parental attitude and ability to regulate media handling by their children iii) the impact of media usage on school performance.Methods: It was a qualitative cross-sectional study included 200 children <18 years, visiting the hospital for outpatient services. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: The analysis of the parent and the child media usage was done in relation to socioeconomic and demographic parameters. The mean age for child media exposure was found to be 6.4±3.8 years. The media use on school-days was 1.9 against 2.7 hours on the holidays. The media contents were mostly cartoon and mobile games with television and mobile being the commonest mode. Poor school performance was associated with media use of 2 hours in school days [HR=1.38 (95% CI=1.01-1.89), p=0.04]. Many parents knew about few bad consequences of media but not able to regulate due to lack of awareness.Conclusions: Proper media parenting is now an unmet need everywhere. Non-educational media content for entertainment purpose during school-days should be discouraged. Interventions like parental media education with involvement of paediatrician, school teacher and psychologist is needed.

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