The role of non-dipterous insects in the pollination of cocoa in Brazil

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Winder
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Untreated Area ◽  
Toxoptera Aurantii ◽  
Mosaic Distribution

AbstractField collections in Bahia State, Brazil, of open cocoa flowers from an untreated plantation and one treated with insecticide and fungicide showed that Homoptera, including the cicadellid Xesrocephalus ancorifer Linnavuori, the aphidid Toxoptera aurantii (Boy.), and species of Pseudococcidae and Margarodidae (Coccoidea), constituted 96% of the total number of insects collected. In the untreated area, Wasmannia rochai Ford formed 22% of the ants collected and Brachymyrmex pictus Mayr, Crernatogaster ? parabiotica Forel,Iridomyrmex sp., Pheidole sp. and Solenopsis sp., a further 48%, whereas in the treated area, 47% were C. parabiotica, 14% W. rochai and 9% B. heeri Forel. There was evidence of a mosaic distribution pattern for the ant species. No cocoa pollen was found on any of the insects collected. Total pollination ranged between 7·4 and 8·1 % and effective pollination between 3·7 and 2·8 % in the treated and untreated areas, respectively. Approximately 76% of the pollen masses were stylar, with 38% of the ball type and 54% of the smear type, whereas the 16% stigmatic pollen masses consisted of 63% ball and 29% smear types; 44% of the stigmatic pollinations were effective, compared with only 33 % of the stylar ones. Some quadrats were more attractive to pollinators than others, and there was a significant positive correlation between percentage effective pollination and insolation, probably due to the favourable effect of sunshine on Forcipomyia activity.

Association of Vitamin D Status with Semen Parameters and Male Reproductive Hormones in Egyptian Infertile Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Abou-Taleb AE ◽  
◽  
Mahran AM ◽  
Mahmoud MA ◽  
Gaber MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Infertile Men

Background: Although vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human sperm, little is known about the role of vitamin D (Vit. D) in male reproduction. Our objective was to assess Vit. D levels both in serum and seminal fluid and to establish the relation between serum and seminal Vit. D levels, semen parameters, male sex hormones and serum calcium level in Egyptian infertile men. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective case control study including 30 healthy fertile males as a control group and 60 male patients with infertility of unknown etiology. Semen samples were collected and semen parameters were evaluated. Also, seminal Vit. D level was measured. Blood samples were taken as serum levels of Vit. D, calcium, testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) were estimated. Results: There was significant decrease of both serum and seminal Vit. D level in groups of male infertility compared to control group. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and seminal Vit. D levels in different study groups. Also, significant positive correlation between serum Vit. D level and non-progressive sperm motility. Conclusion: Our results support the role of Vit. D in semen parameters and male fertility status.

scholarly journals Different Profile of Serum Leptin between Early Onset and Late Onset Preeclampsia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Salimi ◽  
Farzaneh Farajian-Mashhadi ◽  
Anoosh Naghavi ◽  
Mojgan Mokhtari ◽  
Mahnaz Shahrakipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Aim. This study was designed to clarify the role of leptin and adiponectin in preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis and different subtypes of preeclampsia.Method. This case control study was performed in 45 PE patients and 45 healthy controls matched for age, BMI, and ethnicity. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. Maternal serum leptin and adiponectin were significantly higher in PE women than controls. Serum leptin was elevated in early onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and late onset preeclampsia (LOPE) compared to controls. Among PE patients, serum leptin was higher in EOPE than LOPE women. However, serum adiponectin was not different between EOPE and LOPE women. The serum leptin was significantly higher in severe PE than mild PE. The serum adiponectin was significantly elevated in severe PE compared to controls. Significant positive correlation was observed between leptin and adiponectin and also between leptin and BMI in controls. Moreover significant positive correlation was observed between adiponectin and BMI in PE patients and controls.Conclusion. The present study showed that serum leptin level may play a significant role as a biomarker to differentiate early and late onset PE and also its relation to BMI and severity of disease.

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, C Reactive Protein, and Hemolysis Markers: Association With Cytokines Profile In Sickle Cell Disease Patients In Steady-State and Crisis-State

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4701-4701
Author(s):  
Magda Carvalho ◽  
Wendell Vilas Boas ◽  
Bruno Antônio Veloso Cerqueira ◽  
Joao Oliveira Reis ◽  
Theo Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) has a heterogeneous clinical picture, characterized by hemolysis, chronic inflammation and vaso-occlusive events and painful crisis. Aims Investigate the levels of Alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT), C reactive protein (CRP), hemolysis markers and its association with cytokines profile in SCD patients in steady-state and crisis-state. Methods It was developed a cross sectional study in a total of 72 SCD patients in steady-state (SP) and 23 SCD patients in crisis (CP) age-and-sex-matched. Hematological analysis was performed by automatic cell counter, hemoglobin profile by HPLC, and biochemistry analyses of inflammation and infection markers and lipid, hepatic, and kidney metabolism markers were investigated by immunochemistry assays. Plasma levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured using Cytometric Bead Array - CBA (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results Statistical analysis showed that SCD steady-state patients group had the highest IL-12 concentration (p<0.0001) and there were a decrease in TNFα, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels (p< 0.0001) when compared to CP group (figure 1). However, significant differences in IL-8 levels were not finding in the comparison between SCD in steady-state and crisis patients groups. Biomarkers analyses of SCD steady-state patients showed significant negative correlation between IL-8 with A1AT (r= -0.25; p= 0.03) and CRP (r= -0.24; p= 0.04) and significant positive correlation with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r= 0.25; p= 0.03). The IL-6 showed significant positive correlation with white blood cell count (WBC) (r= 0.52; p< 0.0001), ferritin (r= 0.30; p= 0.001) and CRP (r= 0.42; p= 0.0002). TNFα showed a significant positive correlation with leukocyte count (r= 0.28; p= 0.02) and A1AT (r= 0.29; p= 0.01) and IL-10 showed a significant positive correlation with platelets count (r= 0.30; p= 0.01) and A1AT (r= 0.29; p= 0.01). Conclusions Immunological aspects of SCD patients have been increasingly studied. The high levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β) in SCD patients in crisis-state, possibly is related to severe clinical manifestations, despite the fundamental role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology is not yet completely clear. The correlation between these cytokines and biomarkers associated with important clinical manifestations in SCD, such as WBC, platelet count, A1AT and CRP, highlights the important role of inflammatory mediators in SCD and its possible association with an expression or activation of adhesion molecules in neutrophils and vascular endothelium. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Significant positive correlation between the recombination rate and GC content in the human pseudoautosomal region

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Chen ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
Su-Shing Chen ◽  
Shi-Heng Tao
Keyword(s):  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Pseudoautosomal Region ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Fixation Bias

This paper establishes that recombination drives the evolution of GC content in a significant way. Because the human P-arm pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) has been shown to have a high recombination rate, at least 20-fold more frequent than the genomic average of ~1 cM/Mb, this region provides an ideal system to study the role of recombination in the evolution of base composition. Nine non-coding regions of PAR1 are analyzed in this study. We have observed a highly significant positive correlation between the recombination rate and GC content (ρ = 0.837, p ≤ 0.005). Five regions that lie in the distal part of PAR1 are shown to be significantly higher than genomic average divergence. By comparing the intra- and inter-specific AT→GC – GC→AT ratios, we have detected no fixation bias toward GC alleles except for L254915, which has excessive AT→GC changes in the human lineage. Thus, we conclude that the high GC content of the PAR1 genes better fits the biased gene conversion (BGC) model.Key words: pseudoautosomal region, GC content, base composition, evolution, recombination.

scholarly journals Enterprises’ R&D Investment, Venture Capital Syndication and IPO Underpricing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7290
Author(s):  
Xuemeng Guo ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Siyi Yu ◽  
Bolu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment

Based on the data of companies that got ChiNext listed from 2009 to 2018, this paper empirically studies the relationship among R&D investment, venture capital (VC) syndication and IPO underpricing. It is found that there is a significant positive correlation between R&D investment and IPO underpricing, indicating that the higher the R&D investment is, the higher the IPO underpricing degree is; the intervention of VC syndication plays a role of “adverse selection” instead of giving play to its advantages of sharing information, which intensifies the positive correlation between R&D investment and IPO underpricing. Further analysis shows that the reputation of the leading VC in syndication can play a negative regulating role; the higher the reputation of the leading VC is, the more it can play the “certification effect”, reduce the information asymmetry caused by R&D investment, therefore alleviating the IPO underpricing caused by R&D investment.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN SUAMI DALAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN PULOGADUNG JAKARTA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Willa Follona Follona
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
The Relationship

The responsibility of men in terms of family planning is very important in the role of family planning programs. However, there is an imbalance in the number of contraceptive participation in female and male FP acceptors. The participation of men is still very low, compared to female. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between husband characteristics seen from the factors of age, education, occupation, ethnicity, religion, income, number of children, also about husband knowledge, attitudes husband and wife / family support, and access to media / participation of husband as KB acceptor. This is across sectional study of 90 husbands chosen purposively in Pulogadung Sub District in September 2016. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between knowledge with the participation of respondents as Family Planning acceptors, the higher the knowledge level, the higher the participation of husband as the acceptors of family planning with p value 0.022 (OR = 4,818; 95% CI 1.476 to 15.728). There was a significant positive correlation between attitudes with the participation of respondents as familyplanning acceptors, the higher the attitudes they have, the higher the participation of husbands as the acceptors of family planning p value 0,007 (OR = 13,813; 95% CI 2,286 to 66,111). Health workers are expected to further promote the promotion of male KB acceptor services, through the provision of family planning education in the form of counseling and family approaches concerning the importance of family planning for men. For those have become acceptors are expected to be role models by spreading to their peer.

scholarly journals Role of weather parameters on seasonal abundance of insects in a mangobased agroforestry in Bangladesh, with particular reference to mango hopper

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
S Namni ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
MRU Miah ◽  
MF Rahman ◽  
SJ Suh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Weather Parameters

Weekly sweeping was done by sweep net in order to collect insects to study the effect of weather parameters on the seasonal abundance of total insect species as well as mango hopper population in a mango-based agroforestry in Bangladesh during January to June 2013. The total insect species abundance was the highest during April to May, following the flushing of inflorescence and fruit set. At that time temperature and relative humidity were comparatively higher and there was rainfall. Mango hopper population was the highest in May and synchronized to fruit set. The abundance of total insect species and mango hopper population showed significant positive correlation with temperature, and relative humidity, while significant negative correlation with light intensity and non-significant positive correlation with rainfall. Multiple linear regression equation based on weather parameters revealed 59.2% and 61.7% role on population build up of total insect species and mango hopper, respectively. Temperature was found to be the most important effect which individually contributed 31.3% on population abundance of total insect species and 29.9% on mango hopper.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 197-205, June 2017

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiling of Multiple Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) and Its Correlation with NRF2-Mediated Redox Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Rajan Teena ◽  
Umapathy Dhamodharan ◽  
Daoud Ali ◽  
Kesavan Rajesh ◽  
Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a protein of the leucine zipper family, which mitigates inflammation and employs cytoprotective effects. Attempting to unravel the epigenetic regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), we profiled the expression of eleven isoform-specific histone deacetylases (HDACs) and correlated them with NRF2 and cytokines. This study recruited a total of 60 subjects and categorized into DFU patients (n = 20), T2DM patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20). The DFU patients were subcategorized into uninfected and infected DFU (n = 10 each). We observed a progressive decline in the expression of NRF2 and its downstream targets among T2DM and DFU subjects. The inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated, whereas anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 was significantly downregulated in DFU. Of note, a significant upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2,8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT7 among DFU patients were observed. The significant positive correlation between NRF2 and SIRT1 in DFU patients suggested the vital role of NRF2/SIRT1 in redox homeostasis and angiogenesis. In contrast, the significant negative correlation between NRF2 and HDAC1, 3 and 4, implied an imbalance in NRF2-HDAC1, 3, 4 circuit. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between HDAC4 and IL-6, and the negative correlation between SIRT1 and IL-6 suggested the pro-inflammatory role of HDAC4 and the anti-inflammatory role of SIRT1 in NRF2 signaling. In conclusion, the epigenetic changes such as upregulation of HDAC1, 3, 4, 11, SIRT3 and downregulation of HDAC2, 8, SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT6, SIRT7 and their association with NRF2 as well as inflammatory markers are suggestive of their roles in pathophysiology of T2DM and DFU.

scholarly journals Scientific Attitudes in Islamic Education Learning: Relationship and the Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Eva Latipah ◽  
Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro ◽  
Imaniyah Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Scientific Attitude ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Scientific Attitudes

Scientific attitude in Islamic education learning is a demand in the newest curriculum. Psychological factors that determine it is self-efficacy and social support. This study aims to examine correlation between self-efficacy and social support with students' scientific attitudes in Islamic education learning, partially and simultaneously. Subjects were 152 Madrasa Ibtidaiyah students. Instruments used are scientific attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scales. Data analysis techniques used regression analysis. Results showed that there’s a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and students’ scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with r=0.367 and p=0.000 (p&lt;0.05). There’s a significant positive correlation between social support and scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with r=0.381 and p=0.000 (p&lt;0.05). There’s a positive and significant correlation between self-efficacy and social support simultaneously with scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with F=18.222 and p=0.000 (p&lt;0.05).

scholarly journals The mosaic distribution pattern of two sister bush‐cricket species and the possible role of reproductive interference

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2570-2578
Author(s):  
Martina Dorková ◽  
Anton Krištín ◽  
Benjamín Jarčuška ◽  
Peter Kaňuch
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Mosaic Distribution ◽  
Bush Cricket
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