Field infestation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) pods by beetles of the families Bruchidae and Curculionidae in Northern Nigeria

SummaryAn account is given of a study of infestation of cowpea pods in the field in Northern Nigeria by the weevil, Piezotrachelus varius (Wagn.), and the Bruchids, Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Oviposition by Bruchids did not commence until the pods were fully formed and light green in colour, whilst infestation by P. varius originated in the young pods. Observations indicated that a high level of parasitism of Bruchid eggs occurred, but that the majority of Hymenopterous parasites emerging from within the pods were related to P. varius.When pods were harvested at regular intervals, large numbers of P. varius emerged from the early harvests only. B. atrolineatus was the predominant Bruchid species emerging, particularly from early harvests. In the case of a single final harvest of pods, large numbers of P. varius, and a higher level of infestation by B. atrolineatus than in pods collected at regular intervals, were recorded.Shelling of four batches of pods indicated a mean of 11 per cent, of seeds attacked by Bruchids in the case of single final harvests, and a mean of only 3·5 per cent, in the case of regular harvests as pods became dry. It is concluded that a considerable improvement in quality would result from an adoption of the latter method by farmers, provided that some method of control in respect of the harvested pods were introduced.From the observations made it is concluded that P. varius is a true field pest, B. atrolineatus primarily a field pest able to continue infestation in store to a very limited extent, and C. maculatus primarily a store pest able to commence its infestation in pods in the field and to build up in numbers rapidly during the immediate post-harvest storage period.The normal manner of cultivation precludes the use of field methods of control at oviposition peaks but observations suggest that elimination of secondary hosts of P. varius and B. atrolineatus might be worthwhile. A reduction in oviposition by C. maculatus by treatment of stored cowpeas in growing areas, and treatment of pods during the immediate post-harvest storage period, should considerably reduce the level of infestation by this species.

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Negotiations over Accounting Issues: The Congruency of Audit Partner and Chief Financial Officer Recalls

Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory ◽

10.2308/aud.2005.24.s-1.171 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (s-1) ◽

pp. 171-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Michael Gibbins ◽

Susan A. McCracken ◽

Steven E. Salterio

Keyword(s):

Negotiation Process ◽

Chief Financial Officers ◽

Chief Financial Officer ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Common Elements ◽

Contextual Features ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Common ◽

High Level ◽

Two Sides

Much of what takes place in auditor-client management negotiations occurs in unobservable settings and normally does not result in publicly available archival records. Recent research has increasingly attempted to probe issues relating to accounting negotiations in part due to recent events in the financial world. In this paper, we compare recalls from the two sides of such negotiations, audit partners, and chief financial officers (CFOs), collected in two field questionnaires. We examine the congruency of the auditors' and the CFOs' negotiation recalls for all negotiation elements and features that were common across the two questionnaires (detailed analyses of the questionnaires are reported elsewhere). The results show largely congruent recall: only limited divergences in recall of common elements and features. Specifically, we show a high level of congruency across CFOs and audit partners in the type of issues negotiated, parties involved in resolving the issue, and the elements making up the negotiation process, including agreement on the relative importance of various common accounting contextual features. The analysis of the common accounting contextual features suggests that certain contextual features are consistently important across large numbers of negotiations, whether viewed from the audit partner's or the CFO's perspective, and hence may warrant future study. Finally, the comparative analysis allows us to identify certain common elements and contextual features that may influence both audit partners and CFOs to consider the accounting negotiation setting as mainly distributive (win-lose).

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Heritability of the Effect of Corticosteroids on Intraocular Pressure

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s1120962300025658 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (1-2) ◽

pp. 264-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F.H. Reuling ◽

J.T. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Topical Steroids ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Steroid Response ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Allele Pair ◽

High Level ◽

Genetically Determined

In the late 1950's and early 1960's, it became evident that some glaucoma patients developed elevations of intraocular pressure, which were difficult to control, following prolonged use of systemic or ocular medications containing corticosteroids (Chandler, 1955, Alfano, 1963; Armaly, 1963). In addition, some patients without glaucoma, when treated with steroids for long periods of time, developed clinical signs of chronic simple glaucoma (McLean, 1950; François, 1954; Covell, 1958; Linner, 1959; Goldman, 1962). Fortunately, the elevation of intraocular pressure was reversible if the drug was discontinued.Over the past decade, extensive investigation of the “steroid response” has been undertaken. For this presentation, the steroid response may be considered as a gradual elevation of intraocular pressure, occurring over several weeks, in an eye being medicated with corticosteroid drops several times a day. The elevation in pressure is usually accompanied by a reduction in the facility of aqueous outflow. When relatively large numbers of subjects were tested with topical steroids, so that a wide range of responsiveness could be observed, a variation in individual sensitivity was demonstrated. Frequency distributions of intraocular pressure or change in pressure following steroids showed a skew toward the high side. On the basis of trimodal characteristics which they observed in such frequency distributions, Becker and Hahn (1964), Becker (1965) and Armaly (1965, 1966) considered the possible existence of several genetically determined subpopulations. These investigators distinguished three subpopulations on the basis of low, intermediate, and high levels of pressure response. It was hypothesized that these levels of response characterized three phenotypes, corresponding to the three possible genotypes of an allele pair, wherein one member of the pair determined a low level of response, and the other member determined a high level of response (Armaly, 1967).

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The Influence Mechanism of Temperature and Storage Period on Polarization Properties of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene) Ultrathin Films

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11050301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Xingjia Li ◽

Zhi Shi ◽

Xiuli Zhang ◽

Xiangjian Meng ◽

Zhiqiang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrathin Films ◽

Remanent Polarization ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Storage Period ◽

Testing Temperature ◽

Fatigue Properties ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

High Level ◽

And Storage

The effect of testing temperature and storage period on the polarization fatigue properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) ultrathin film devices were investigated. The experimental results show that, even after stored in air for 150 days, the relative remanent polarization (Pr/Pr(0)) of P(VDF–TrFE) of ultrathin films can keep at a relatively high level of 0.80 at 25 °C and 0.70 at 60 °C. To account for this result, a hydrogen fluoride (HF) formation inhibition mechanism was proposed, which correlated the testing temperature and the storage period with the microstructure of P(VDF–TrFE) molecular chain. Moreover, a theoretical model was constructed to describe the polarization fatigue evolution of P(VDF–TrFE) samples.

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On an Occurrence of Fayalite Quartz-Monzonite in the Basement Complex around Bauchi, Northern Nigeria

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800062129 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 473-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. O. Oyawoye

Keyword(s):

Linear Structure ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Basement Complex ◽

Green Colour ◽

Quartz Monzonite ◽

Ring Complexes ◽

High Level ◽

Mineral Constituents ◽

Ring Dyke

AbstractAn unusual fayalite-bearing quartz-monzonite occurs around Bauchi in Northern Nigeria and is distinguished from the high-level fayalite granites of the Newer Granites ring complexes by the presence of a linear structure conformable with those in the surrounding rocks, the gradational nature of its contacts, the extreme coarseness of its mineral constituents and the abundance of myrmekite. It is similar to them in its distinctive green colour and in the high FeO: Fe2O3 ratio. The rock is believed to be definitely older than the rocks of the ring-dyke complexes.

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Development and Achievements of SSM Processes for High Performance Components

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.319 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 256 ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Rosso ◽

Ildiko Peter ◽

Ivano Gattelli

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

High Performance ◽

Rear Axle ◽

Research Work ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Front Suspension ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Automotive Parts ◽

High Level

During the last decades under the enthusiastic and competent guidance of Mr Chiarmetta SSM processes attained in Italy at Stampal Spa (Torino) an unquestionable high level of industrial development with the production of large numbers of high performance automotive parts, like variety of suspension support, engine suspension mounts, steering knuckle, front suspension wheel, arm and rear axle. Among the most highlighted findings SSM processes demonstrated their capability to reduce the existing gap between casting and forging, moreover during such a processes there are the opportunity to better control the defect level.Purpose of this paper is to highlight the research work and the SSM industrial production attained and developed by Mr G.L. Chiarmetta, as well as to give an overview concerning some alternative methods for the production of enhanced performance light alloys components for critical industrial applications and to present an analysis of a new rheocasting process suitable for the manufacturing of high performance industrial components.

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Effect of Harvest Date on Mango (Mangifera Indica L. Cultivar Osteen) Fruit’s Qualitative Development, Shelf Life and Consumer Acceptance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Giuseppe Gianguzzi ◽

Vittorio Farina ◽

Paolo Inglese ◽

Maria Gloria Lobo Rodrigo

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Storage Period ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Constant Quality ◽

Definition Of

The qualitative characteristics of mango fruits change throughout their development process and are also influenced by their duration. Harvesting at different times after the fruit set affects external and internal quality and the post-harvest behavior and management possibilities of the fruits. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of the most important physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of cv. Osteen fruits concern the length of their stay on the plant and also to their post-harvest management. For this reason, fruits were harvested progressively in ten pickings. The study showed that mango fruits that are kept on the tree reach the best quality traits, corresponding to their physiological maturation. The length of the storage period needed to reach the consumption point varies greatly according to the harvesting moment and to the different environmental parameters, which also affect the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of the fruits. The number of days after full flowering were confirmed to be the primary information to consider when planning harvest with commercial use of the fruit, but interesting indications can be acquired through the definition of non-destructive (hardness, color) or destructive (dry matter) parameters. The data collected help improve mango fruit′s post-harvest management practices, to provide a product with constant quality and homogeneity to the consumer.

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Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

Contemporary Agriculture ◽

10.2478/contagri-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Banji Olalere Adisa ◽

Michael Famakinwa ◽

Kolawole Adelekan Adeloye

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Moderate Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rice Milling ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

The Right ◽

High Level

SummaryThe study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.

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Playing for the Big Time: Musicians, Concerts, and Reputation-Building in Cincinnati, 1872–82

The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era ◽

10.1017/s1537781400003911 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 145-165

Author(s):

Karen Ahlquist

Keyword(s):

National Level ◽

The United States ◽

Art Music ◽

Institution Building ◽

Civic Leaders ◽

Western Art ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Significant Achievement ◽

Western Art Music ◽

High Level

Like many midwestern cities in the nineteenth century, Cincinnati, Ohio, was home to large numbers of German immigrant musicians, among them the founders of the Cincinnati Grand Orchestra in 1872. Their model of musician-based organization eventually ran counter to the prestige-building potential of Western art music, which made it attractive to local civic leaders determined to earn respect for their city at a national level. The successful Cincinnati May festivals beginning in 1873 under the artistic leadership of conductor Theodore Thomas brought the city the desired renown. But the musical monumentality needed for large festival performances could not be obtained locally, leaving Cincinnati's players with opportunities to perform at a high level but without a way to define their performance as a significant achievement in the world of high art. Although their orchestra was ultimately unsuccessful, however, these musicians demonstrated an agency that transcends their historical obscurity and helps incorporate aesthetic and practical aspects of institution-building into the social arguments common to discussions of Western art music in the United States.

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Effects of Storage Structure Type and Pesticide Type on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculatus) After Three Months’ Storage: The Case of Daffiama Bussie Issa District

South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.48165/sajssh.2021.2502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 20-32

Author(s):

Kwadwo Asante Berchie ◽

Prosper Maaledoma

Keyword(s):

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Storage Period ◽

Structure Type ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Market Prices ◽

Storage Structure ◽

Postharvest Management

Cowpea is an important grain legume widely used as food in Ghana and the world at large. It is a significant protein source used by many people in several countries. However, its postharvest management, especially storage, can be problematic because it is easily attached by storage pest insects, particularly Callosobruchus maculatus. Cowpea storage is crucial as the product is protected against damage and deterioration. Also, it is preserved until such a time that market prices are reasonable before they are marketed, enhancing food security. Cowpea grains that are predisposed to insects often attack significantly reduce the quantity and quality, which renders the product unwholesome for human consumption. A survey will be conducted in Daffiama Bussie Issa District in the Upper West Region of Ghana to identify storage structures and storage protectants used by stakeholders to store cowpea. The cowpea variety to be used for the experiment is called ‘songotra’ and is considered the people’s choice. At the end of the storage period, the physical and chemical properties of the cowpea grains were assessed to confirm whether there is a significant effect on them. Test on the viability of seeds will be conducted. The findings will show which storage structure and protectants proved to be more effective by killing the cowpea weevil and unearth the treatment that will offer the highest and lowest protection. Pairwise Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Version 9.0 was used to analyse the survey data. It is recommended that further research is conducted on the quantity of cowpea used for storage with an extended storage period.

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