How Ideology Divides Generations: The 2002 and 2004 South Korean Elections

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Taek Kang
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Generation Gap ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Libertarian View

Abstract. An interesting phenomenon in recent South Korean electoral politics is the generation gap. In the 2002 presidential and the 2004 National Assembly elections, voting behaviour was sharply split between different age groups. A main question of this article is to figure out the underlying characteristics of the generational differences in the two elections and of the ideological division in the South Korean context. Findings show that the generation gap reflects different assessments of the authoritarian period and its inheritance. Young voters took a libertarian view and a negative assessment of the authoritarian era, while older voters, especially in their fifties and older, had a positive attitude toward the authoritarian legacies. Roh Moo-hyun's victory was largely attributed to his successful mobilization of young voters' generational rebellion.Résumé. Un des phénomènes intéressants dans la vie politique électorale sud-coréenne concerne les différences de générations. Les groupes d'âge différents ont montré un comportement électoral différencié dans les élections présidentielles de 2002 et les législatives de 2004. L'interrogation majeure de cet article est de trouver les principales caractéristiques des différences générationnelles dans les deux élections, ainsi que les clivages idéologiques dans le contexte sud-coréen. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les différences générationnelles reflètent celles du jugement sur la période du régime autoritaire et de ses héritages. Les jeunes électeurs possèdent une vision libertaire et un jugement négatif sur la période du régime autoritaire, tandis que les électeurs plus âgés, notamment ceux qui ont plus de 50 ans, font preuve d'une attitude positive sur les héritages de la période autoritaire. La victoire de Roh Moo-hyun s'explique en grande partie par la mobilisation réussie de la révolte générationnelle de jeunes électeurs.

Greener than Others? Exploring Generational Differences in Green Purchase Intent

2021 ◽  
pp. 147078532110341
Author(s):  
Chang-Dae Ham ◽  
Un Chae Chung ◽  
Woo Jin Kim ◽  
Seo Yoon Lee ◽  
Sang-Hwa Oh
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Generation Gap ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Consumer Socialization ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Practical Implications

This study explored the generation gap in American consumers’ green perceptions and purchase intentions across four generations (Gen Z, Y, X, and Baby Boomers) from the perspectives of consumer socialization and social intelligence. Analyzing a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States ( N = 19,450), the survey results revealed that the American consumer’s green norms and beliefs varied by generation. A series of multiple regression analyses showed that each generation had similar but idiosyncratic beliefs in purchasing products from green companies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Effective Causes of Suicide in Zahedan (in 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Narges Forghani ◽  
Mahmooud Bulaq
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Dangerous Behavior ◽  
Education And Employment

<span lang="EN-US">The present study aims to examine the effective causes of suicide in Zahedan city, Iran 2014-2015. In fact, suicide is a dangerous behavior to end the life, which would impose a social problem and cost a lot of harm to individuals, families and society. The main question is that what are the factors contributing to the suicide? Important assumptions include: marriage and having children reduces the suicide attempts. Education and employment could reduce the incidence of suicide attempts and suicide attempts are higher at a young age. This study makes use of fieldwork and analytical methods. The population of this research included people who committed suicide during nine months, from Azar 2014 to September 2015 and have been referred to Khatamolanbia (PBUH) hospital, Imam Ali (AS) hospital and Zahedan's forensic medicine. The findings suggest that all of 71 samples were Muslims; 36 persons were women (50.7%) and 35 persons were men (49.3%).There isn't any relationship between mental disorders and suicide attempts. The incidence of suicide among people 16 to 30 years old with 83.2% is much more than other age groups. Suicide attempts rates among educated people are less than under diploma with 66.2%. There is no significant relationship between marital status and suicide, but suicide (67.6%) among those without children is more than people with a family. Suicide attempts among people with higher-income levels and favorable socio-economic conditions and poor people with 15.5%, is much less than middle-income and good-income with 84.5%. 29.6% of those surveyed, that is 21 people, who attempted suicide had died. </span>

scholarly journals The Newest Southerners: Generational Differences in Electoral Behavior in the Contemporary South

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Charles Prysby
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
White House ◽  
2008 Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Mitt Romney ◽  
Michael Dukakis

Young voters contributed disproportionately to Barack Obama’s presidential victory in 2012. In fact, if the electorate had been limited to those over 30 years old, Mitt Romney might be in the White House today. Obama captured 60 percent of the vote of those under 30, compared to 49 percent of those over 30, according to the national exit polls (Schier and Box- Steffensmeier 2013, 86). A similar pattern characterized the 2008 presidential election: Obama won 66 percent of the vote among those aged 29 or less, but under one-half of voters older than 45 (Pomper 2010, 53). The tendency for younger voters to be disproportionately Democratic emerged in the 2004 presidential election. Prior to that, Democratic presidential candidates did not consistently do better among younger voters. In 2000, for example, Al Gore did as well among older voters as he did among younger voters, and in 1992, Bill Clinton did his best among older voters, as did Walter Mondale in 1984 and Michael Dukakis in 1988 (Pomper 2001, 138; Pomper 1989, 133). 

scholarly journals What Can the EU's Response to the COVID Crisis Tell us About our Values?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Andrei Nuțaș ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Us ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Detailed Presentation ◽  
The Eu

Overall, the EU's response to the COVID crisis can be said to have been one of the most ineffective in the world, overshadowed only by the catastrophic response of the US and Brazil (at least on a per capita basis). Although, one can argue more about the effectiveness or morality of the measures, I would nevertheless, like to take a step back from these discussions and consider what the non-pharmacological interventions the EU has imposed reveal about our values. The main question is: What was the axiological framework on which the EU interventions were based? To provide an answer, I will compare the EU approach with South Korea’s approach in dealing with the pandemic. The former’s approach is a traditional approach, which mostly avoids the use of advanced data analysis and predictive analysis, focusing mainly on restricting free movement through social distancing and quarantine. This is complemented by tests, which are primarily diagnostic. The latter makes full use of the most modern methods, attempting to parallel the minimisation of the use of traditional methods of restricting movement with the minimisation of deaths caused by the virus. After a more detailed presentation of the methodologies of the two sides, I will consider what these modern methods entail and what would have to be sacrificed to use them. This will reveal that giving up confidentiality is the main cost that the European community should have offered in exchange for following the South Korean path. The analysis of the data will show how privacy and other values, such as economic prosperity, education, equality, freedom, mental health and ultimately life itself, were affected by the two strategies. Based on the evidence from the analysis I will conclude that privacy is more important to the average European than any of the other proposed values, including life itself.

The Origins of the Park Jung-hee Syndrome in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950003
Author(s):  
EUNJUNG CHOI ◽  
JONGSEOK WOO
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Output ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In the past few decades, post-democratization politics in South Korea have witnessed an upsurge in authoritarian nostalgia, called the “Park Jung-hee syndrome.” This paper examines the origins of public nostalgia for the authoritarian dictator by putting two theoretical arguments, i.e., the socialization thesis and the system output thesis, to an empirical test. This paper utilizes the 2010 Korea Democracy Barometer from the Korea Barometer and the 2010 and the 2015 Korean National Identity Survey from the East Asia Institute. The empirical analysis of the South Korean case strongly supports the political socialization argument, suggesting that citizens’ yearning for Park Jung-hee is not merely an outcome of the negative evaluations of the democratic governments’ performances. Rather, their authoritarian nostalgia is in large part an outcome of their political socialization during the Park dictatorship. The analysis implies that, although a resurgence of the Park Jung-hee syndrome in post-democratization South Korea is not expected to derail the country’s route to democratic deepening, it may continue to be a main source of political division in partisan and electoral politics in the future.

The impact of the motivation for status on consumers’ perceptions of retailer sustainability: the moderating impact of collectivism and materialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mertcan Tascioglu ◽  
Jacqueline Kilsheimer Eastman ◽  
Rajesh Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bandwagon Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate consumers’ perceptions of status motivations on retailers’ sustainability efforts and whether collectivism and materialism moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research methodology using survey data was used. Data were collected by administering questionnaires from millennial respondents (n = 386) from the USA and Turkey. Findings The results show that cultural value (collectivism) and materialism can serve as moderators of the effects of status motivation and sustainability. The findings indicate that the link between status motivation and sustainability perceptions (both environmental and social sustainability) is stronger for more collectivist consumers. In terms of materialism, while it did not moderate the relationship between status motivation and perceptions of environmental sustainability, it did moderate the relationship between status motivation and perceptions of social sustainability, particularly the uniqueness aspect of materialism. Research limitations/implications The stronger link between status motivation and both environmental and social sustainability for collectivists suggests that the bandwagon effect may be impacting their need for status. The stronger link between status motivation and social sustainability for those more materialistic suggests that their need for status may be more impacted by a snob effect as they want to appear unique. The use of college students is a limitation of this study, and future research needs to explore a wider range of age groups to determine if there are generational differences. Additionally, future research could examine other cultural dimensions such as power distance and masculinity versus femininity. Practical implications Findings from this research provide insights for retailers, especially those targeting the status and luxury market when developing their sustainability plans. An interest in sustainability may aid consumers in meeting their need for status, particularly for those status consumers who are more collectivist, as a means to fit in with their group. For more materialistic consumers, retailers may want to focus more on unique social sustainability efforts that are more publicly noticeable. Social implications Social sustainability, a topic not studied as frequently as environmental sustainability, has significant implications for consumers. The findings suggest that the link between status motivation and social sustainability is stronger for collectivists, suggesting a bandwagon effect. Additionally, the authors find that the link between status motivation and social sustainability is stronger for materialists, particularly the uniqueness dimension of materialism, suggesting a snob effect. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the exploration of how status motivation impacts consumers’ perceptions of retailers’ environmental and social sustainability efforts and if these relationships are moderated by collectivism and materialism. Few studies have examined social sustainability, especially in terms of culture.

An Alternative Approach to Understanding Generational Differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yisheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Generational Difference ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Generational Membership ◽  
Gen X

According to Costanza and Finkelstein (2015), the definition and measurement of generational membership could be two major problems inherent in the literature on generational differences. So far, researchers have defined generation in terms of groups of people belonging to the same cohorts, age groups, and experience of certain common events (Joshi, Dencker, & Franz, 2011). In this vein, generational difference is operationalized mostly as a categorical variable, and most researchers assign participants into generational categories based on date of birth. For instance, people born in 1958–1959 and 1973–1974 are typically divided into Boomers and Gen X, respectively (Twenge, Campbell, Hoffman, & Lance, 2010).

scholarly journals 'A Generational Earthquake'?: An Analysis of the 2002 Presidential Election in South Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Carl J. Saxer
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
National Elections ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Previous Election ◽  
Predominant Factor

The 2002 presidential election in South Korea was seen by some commentators as a 'generational earthquake'. It was argued that younger voters, defi ned as those belonging to the 20–30 age groups, had become more mobilized and active than in any previous election, and that consequently the persistent regionalism that had characterized South Korean national elections for so long was fi nally at an end. It was also claimed that the 2002 election marked a repositioning of ideology and policy preferences at centre stage. The present article, however, argues that while ideology and policy preferences did indeed assume greater importance, and while generational issues also came to the fore, yet the predominant factor in the 2002 election remained – as in previous presidential elections in South Korea – a persistent, almost static, regional voting pattern.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Different Generations Regarding Managerial Competencies in Restaurants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Carina Kleynhans ◽  
Malome Prince Shai ◽  
Antoinette Roeloffze
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Managerial Competencies ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Restaurant Managers ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Competency Domains

Managerial competencies of restaurant managers play a major role in motivating employees to be productive and to provide excellent service which, in turn, will lead to customer satisfaction. Drawing upon generational differences in work ethics and values, the authors examine the importance of managerial competencies in three age cohorts. A quantitative research design was selected using a structured questionnaire consisting of five competency domains. Data were collected from 180 restaurant managers and employees in restaurants in the City of Tshwane. The results of the Fisher exact test indicated that the importance of managerial competencies differed significantly in the three age groups. Significant differences existed for three leadership domains, two management domains, one interpersonal and one intrapersonal domain. No significant differences were recorded for the perceptions of the different age groups regarding the importance of the technical domain.  For the younger generation, the ability to grant employees the opportunity to grow was regarded as highly important by all respondents. The ability to maintain discipline in the workforce was perceived as less important by the youngest age group when it was compared to the other age groups. The youngest employees felt that the ability to be innovative was not as important unlike the perception of the older age groups.  The findings of this study could lead restaurant managers to a better understanding of the different generational groups, how to motivate them thereby ensuring job satisfaction and service quality.

scholarly journals Analysis of Characteristics, Methods of Suicide, and Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Suicide Attempters in South Korea by Age Subgroup

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Third ◽  
Elderly Suicide ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Introduction: As the elderly comprise 14.3% of the South Korean population, suicide among the elderly has become a significant public concern. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance nationwide of South Korea. Patients aged ≥ 65years old who intentionally caused self-injury were included. These elderly patients were subdivided into age groups, and their associated characteristics and correlation between suicide attempt methods and the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 5,333 cases were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 75.1 years old, comprising 3,039 males (57.0%) and 2,294 females (43.0%). Substance exposure was the most frequent method across all age groups. In terms of risk factors of admission, drowning, hanging, and asphyxia showed the following results: OR 2.372 for the first group; OR 2.224 for the second group; and OR 5.606 for the third group. Fall/slip was identified as a risk factor of admission in the first and second groups (OR 5.016 for the first group; OR 5.101 for the second group). In terms of risk factors of mortality, drowning, hanging, and asphyxia showed the following results: OR 9.066 for the first group; OR 7.320 for the second group; and OR 7.135 for the third group. With regard to fall/slip, the results were OR 14.596 for the first group; OR 10.096 for the second group; and OR 24.167 for the third group. Conclusions: This study showed that clinical outcomes were different according to the suicide-related characteristics and chosen suicide method. Based on these results, it is necessary to prepare measures to prevent suicide of the elderly in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document