See No Evil: Heterogeneity in Public Perceptions of Corruption

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Tverdova
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Previous Election ◽  
The Government ◽  
Situation Économique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract.This paper investigates how people form perceptions about corruption. By combining survey data with system-level indicators in 30 countries, the author first explores the relationship between elite and mass evaluations of corruption. Furthermore, the author tests a series of hypotheses pertaining to how individual-level factors, such as political allegiances, personal economic conditions and education may influence people's perceptions. The findings reveal that mass assessments of corruption track closely those of the elites. In addition, more economically fortunate individuals and those who supported the government in the previous election tend to be less critical of corruption. The effect of education is contingent on a country's level of corruption. Specifically, more educated citizens in “cleaner” countries do not see as much corruption as their less educated counterparts. However, this difference is substantively modest.Résumé.Cet article étudie la façon dont le public établit sa perception de la corruption. En utilisant conjointement les informations données par les enquêtes d'opinion et par les indicateurs de pointage de 30 pays, l'auteur va d'abord explorer les évaluations de la corruption des élites et celles de la masse populaire. De plus, l'auteur va tester une série d'hypothèses concernant la façon dont la perception du public est influencée par des facteurs personnels, l'appartenance politique par exemple, ou par la situation économique personnelle ou l'éducation. Les résultats révèlent que les jugements de la masse sur la corruption suivent de près ceux des élites. De plus, les individus plus fortunés ou ceux qui ont voté pour le gouvernement aux dernières élections ont tendance à se montrer moins critiques au sujet de la corruption. L'effet de l'éducation est aléatoire quant au niveau de corruption d' un pays. En particulier, dans les pays considérés comme les plus « propres », les citoyens plus éduqués constatent moins la corruption que ceux qui sont moins éduqués. La différence cependant est extrêmement modeste.

The HPWS and AMO: a dynamic study of system- and individual-level effects

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Edgar ◽  
Jing A. Zhang ◽  
Nancy M. Blaker
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Contextual Performance ◽  
System Level ◽  
Human Resource Research ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

PurposeDrawing on the dynamic model of ability, motivation, opportunity (AMO) for human resource research, this study aims to examine how organizational system-level (i.e. the high-performance work system (HPWS)) and individual-level AMO affect employees' performance. Specifically, this paper proposes that employee task performance is resultant from the integration of system- and individual-level AMO factors with employee contextual performance.Design/methodology/approachA survey design is employed with data collected from 250 employees working in New Zealand's service sector.FindingsThis study finds both organizational system (HPWS) and individual AMO dimensions have positive associations with employees' performance. At the system level, the supportive role played by contextual performance is highlighted with pro-social behaviors fully mediating the relationship between the HPWS and task performance. At the individual level, contextual performance is found to partially mediate the relationship between ability and task performance and fully mediate the relationship between motivation and task performance. Opportunity, on the other hand, is significantly associated with task but not contextual performance.Originality/valueIn acknowledging there are a plurality of factors that impact performance, this study enriches our understanding of AMO's influence in the context of people management.

Incumbent Tenure Crowds Out Economic Voting

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Martin Vinæs Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Voting ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Economic Vote ◽  
The Government

AbstractDoes the importance of the economy change during a government's time in office? Governments arguably become more responsible for current economic conditions as their tenure progresses. This might lead voters to hold experienced governments more accountable for economic conditions. However, voters also accumulate information about governments' competence over time. If voters are Bayesian learners, then this growing stock of information should crowd out the importance of current economic conditions. This article explores these divergent predictions about the relationship between tenure and the economic vote using three datasets. First, using country-level data from a diverse set of elections, the study finds that support for more experienced governments is less dependent on economic growth. Secondly, using individual-level data from sixty election surveys covering ten countries, the article shows that voters' perceptions of the economy have a greater impact on government support when the government is inexperienced. Finally, the article examines a municipal reform in Denmark that assigned some voters to new local incumbents and finds that these voters responded more strongly to the local economy. In conclusion, all three studies point in the same direction: economic voting decreases with time in office.

Democracy and Quality of Life in Asian Societies

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
SHINYA SASAOKA ◽  
KATSUNORI SEKI
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article examines whether democracy affects quality of life. Scholars have conducted surveys to investigate whether democracy is likely to lead to good quality of life. There are two contested views to the relationship: some suggest that democracy has a positive causal effect on quality of life, whereas others contend that democracy does not play such a role. Previous findings are supported by cross-national statistical analysis with aggregated survey data. However, aggregated survey data may cause ecological fallacy. Also, in order to ascertain the extant research, it would be beneficial to test the hypothesis by incorporating both individual- and country-level variables. Therefore, this paper applied hierarchical modeling to investigate the regularity. Both individual-level perception of democracy and country-level political regime data were incorporated in our empirical model. Our findings suggest that individual-level satisfaction with democracy has positive causal effect on one's quality of life, whereas the country-level characteristic of the political regime has no effect.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Pandemics: Economic Inequality and Support for Containment Measures in Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 1866802X2110353
Author(s):  
Miguel Carreras ◽  
Sofia Vera ◽  
Giancarlo Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests that the coronavirus pandemic disproportionately affected poor communities. However, relatively little is known about how this differential impact affected support for, and compliance with, COVID-19 lockdown policies. This article examines the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and public opinion towards COVID-19 containment measures in Peru. Despite the strict quarantine measures adopted by the government of Peru, the country struggled to contain the spread of the disease. We designed and implemented a nationally representative survey in Peru and found that economically vulnerable sectors are more likely to oppose the quarantine and are more likely to defy the stay-at-home recommendations to leave home and go to work. Our contribution highlights that poor citizens’ housing and economic conditions can explain why the poor are more likely to react negatively to COVID-19 lockdown policies.

scholarly journals Public Perception of the Policy of Banning Eid Al-Fitr in 2021 in Bogor Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alfi Auliya Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Introduction: Homecoming is a social phenomenon in Indonesia every year. To prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the Government makes a Policy to Eliminate Homecoming for Eid Al-Fitr in 2021. Objective: To determine public perceptions regarding the ban on going home for Eid in 2021. Methods: This study uses a survey method with a quantitative questionnaire conducted at the Type C Hospital in Bogor Regency with a sample of 84 respondents. Results: respondents aged 30-40 years agreed not to go home for Eid with a presentation of 80%, over 40 years of age 75% agreed and 25% did not agree. Conclusion: During the Covid-19 Pandemic, greatly affects people's perceptions of traveling back and forth. The majority of respondents agreed to the 2021 Eid homecoming ban due to concerns about contracting or transmitting the Covid-19 virus. Recommendations: There are strict sanctions for violators who continue to go home, scouring the location of crowds during the Eid transportation period, the community continues to maintain health and comply with the Health Protocol.

Unpacking Presidential Satisfaction: Preliminary Insights from Survey Data on the Bottom Poor in Metro Manila

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Tristan A. Canare ◽  
Ronald U. Mendoza ◽  
Jurel K. Yap ◽  
Leonardo M. Jaminola ◽  
Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Voting Age ◽  
Survey Results

Abstract Measures of presidential satisfaction have long been in the public’s attention, but the factors that drive them have brought about much discussion. As a contribution to the literature, this study empirically examines presidential approval data in the Philippines using a unique survey of 1200 low-income voting age residents of Metro Manila. Using individual-level data, this study unpacks the possible factors underpinning survey results on citizens’ satisfaction with leadership in the Philippines. While accounting for the personal circumstances of the respondents, this study finds evidence of bandwagoning among survey respondents; and partial evidence of personal economic conditions and disinformation possibly linked to presidential satisfaction. The findings here suggest there should be more caution in interpreting presidential satisfaction indicators.

Breaking the Bureaucratic Inertia

2010 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Akhlaque Haque
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

E-Government’s effectiveness depends not on the technological supremacy of government but on how encompassing it is to reach the maximum number of citizens at the grass roots level. This requires a greater appreciation and understanding of inter-organizational and institutional factors beyond technology and human skills that shape the relationship between the government and its citizenry. Using the context of Bangladesh, the chapter highlights the promises of E-Government reform in Bangladesh with the caveat that whether at the agency level or individual level, E-Government focus should be from the ground up. Bureaucratic inertia is more prominent at the lower level of agency hierarchy than at the top. Given the successes of social entrepreneurship via civil society organizations (CSOs) in Bangladesh, the study suggests governmental partnerships with CSOs in providing E-Government services. As one of the primary communication devices of the 21st century, mobile phones offer a clear advantage to computers in bringing government to citizen’s finger tips.

Violence, Displacement, and Support for Internally Displaced Persons: Evidence from Syria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110115
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Hartman ◽  
Benjamin S. Morse ◽  
Sigrid Weber
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

What is the legacy of war, violence, and displacement on altruism toward diverse populations suffering similar hardships today? Prior research suggests these hardships have the potential to increase empathy that can in turn motivate altruism across identity boundaries. We test this hypothesis using survey data collected in 2017 from over 2,000 Syrians living in rebel-held regions where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) sought refuge. We find that Syrians previously exposed to violence were more likely to host IDPs. Using a conjoint experiment to measure hosting preferences over different types of IDPs, we show that these individuals also preferred to host sick and vulnerable IDPs and outgroup IDPs from the Kurdish ethnic minority. However, they were less likely to host IDPs from the Christian minority, possibly due to their association with the government. These results suggest that empathy and politics both play an important role in shaping the relationship between violence, altruism, and intergroup behavior during conflict.

scholarly journals PENGARUH OPINI AUDIT DAN TEMUAN AUDIT TERHADAP TINGKAT KORUPSI DI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI PAPUA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinsensius Jehandu ◽  
Agustinus Salle ◽  
Paulus K Allo Layuk
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Audit Opinion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between public perceptions about audit opinion, audit findings and the level of corruption in Papua Province (Case Study of the Government of Keerom Regency, Jayapura Regency and Sarmi Regency). A sample of 120 respondents consisted of 40 respondents from each district. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and data analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results showed the greater the perception of audit opinions the greater the trust in corruption handled by the auditor. Meanwhile, the results of the study showed that the magnitude of audit findings carried out by BPK influenced the level of corruption that occurred. Audit findings can detect corruption in the government and local government efforts to make improvements according to the auditor's recommendations can significantly reduce the level of corruption.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Self-Medication and Antibiotic Resistance: Multilevel Regression Analysis of Repeat Cross-Sectional Survey Data in Europe

REGION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Alistair Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Relationship

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue with several anthropogenic drivers, including antibiotic consumption. Recent studies have highlighted that the relationship between antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance is contextualised by a variety of socioeconomic, cultural, and governance-related drivers of consumption behaviour and contagion that have been underexamined. A potential complication for research and policy is that measures of antibiotic consumption are often reliant on prescribing or sales data which may not easily take into account the dynamics of community consumption that include self-medication; for example, the preservation and use of leftover medication or the obtaining of antibiotics without a prescription. This study uses repeated cross-sectional survey data to fulfil two core aims: firstly, to examine the individual-level and national-contextual determinants of self-medication among antibiotic consumers in European countries, and secondly, to examine the relationship between self-medication behaviour and antibiotic resistance at the national level. This study is particularly novel in its application of a multilevel modelling specification that includes individual-level factors with both time-variant and persistent national characteristics to examine antibiotic consumption behaviours. The key findings of the study are that survey respondents in countries with persistently higher levels of inequality, burdens of out-of-pocket health expenditure, and corruption have an increased probability of self-medicating with antibiotics. The study also highlights that overall levels of antibiotic consumption and antibiotic self-medication do not correlate and are associated heterogeneously with changes in different pathogen/antibiotic pairs. In summary, the study emphasises that antibiotic stewardship and antibiotic resistance, whilst related by biological mechanisms, are also inherently social issues. Attempts to improve antibiotic stewardship and address the challenge of antibiotic resistance should also attend to structural challenges that underlie challenges to antibiotic stewardship in the community, such as the effects of inequality and reduced access to healthcare services.

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