Kings in the Age of Nations: The Paradox of Lèse-Majesté as Political Crime in Thailand

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Streckfuss
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Crime ◽  
The Law ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The Thai monarchy, protected by the law of lèse-majesté, appears to be an anachronism in the age of nation-states. Over the past century, the spread of nationalism has leveled most monarchies, reducing kings (or queens) to the status of semiprivate individuals or preserving them as innocuous symbols. Usually considered mere remnants of feudal pasts, the laws protecting monarchies in the twentieth century have received little scholarly attention, even less perhaps in Thailand, where any critical analysis of the monarchy is discouraged by the threat of the lèse-majesté charge.

Echoes of Natural Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-250
Author(s):  
Stuart Banner
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the status of natural law in the legal system over the past century. In law schools, natural law never ceased to be a topic of study. This academic interest in natural law has had almost no effect on the working legal system, where natural law has been relied upon by only the most idiosyncratic of judges and lawyers. The history of our use of natural law has nevertheless continued to exert influence on the legal system, which still contains doctrines and practices that were once based on the law of nature.

Aftershocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
National Borders

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.

scholarly journals ‘From Zionism to Communism’: Emilio Sereni and the Consiglio di Gestione in postwar Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Postwar Italy

This essay demonstrates that it is impossible to appreciate the actions of the Italian communist Emilio Sereni without considering his Zionist background. Anyone who is interested in understanding the complexities of communism in the past century and to avoid simplistic conclusions about this ideology will benefit from the study. The problem at stake is that researchers often approach communism in a monolithic manner, which does not adequately explain the multiform manifestations (practical and theoretical) of that phenomenon. This ought to change and to this extent this essay hopes to contribute to that recent strand of historical research that challenges simplistic views on communism. More specifically, by analysing the Management Councils that Sereni created in postwar Italy, we can see that many of their features in fact derived from, or found their deepest origins in, his previous experience as a committed socialist Zionist. The study, then, also relates Sereni to and looks at the broader experiences of early twentieth-century Zionism and Italian communism in the early postwar years.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the origin of bandura fingering in the twentieth century as a fundamental basis of performance techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (59) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Inna Mokroguz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Performance Techniques ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Development Of Students

Background. This article studies the stages of formation of bandura fingering in the twentieth century, analyzes the scientific and methodological literature, that has been the basis for the professional growth of the first bandura performers. The paper highlights fundamental methodological principles that contributed to the technical development and professional skills improvement of the future bandura performer. The article defines the main components of the “bandura school” of the past century, analyzes the basic approaches of professional authors to fingering, fingering combinations and fingering inversions on the bandura and highlights the relevance of their application in modern bandura performance. The study defines the significant professional fingering variants from the past and their importance in the present performance. Methods. In the early twentieth century, there has been a need of professional bandura training and educational textbooks that would promote self-learning of the instrument. As a response to the request of M. V. Lysenko, the famous bandura player from Kharkiv Hnat Khotkevych published the first “Bandura textbook” (Lviv), which promotes the ten-finger performing system, the Kharkiv-type of playing and offers a large number of exercises and technical repertoire, paying special attention to various fingering combinations and position of fingers on the string. The activity of M. Opryshko played a significant role in Ukrainian kobzar art. The “Bandura School” by V. Kabachko and E. Yutsevich is a textbook for primary education. Zinovy Shtokalko, a well-known bandura player of his time, created the “Kobzar textbook”, in which he promotes the Kharkiv-way of playing and professional bandura performance. Notably, due to the transition from the Kharkiv-type to the Kyiv-type banduras, both the technical and artistic expressive capabilities of the instrument have significantly deteriorated. While selecting the educational material, there should be an organic link between the development of students’ musical hearing, new performance techniques and familiarity with musical literacy. Of particular importance, here is the work on improving the artistic quality of performances, the development of students’ artistry. Conclusions. The issue of technical development of the bandura instrumental performer is linked to the problem of fingering. During the twentieth century, many teachers and researchers developed the necessary methodological basis, which became the foundation for the gifted generation of bandura performers. That is why, bandura fingering issue requires deep analysis and thorough review of existing developments, the search for new approaches and their practical implementation.

The Southern Levant and the Ancient Near Eastern Canon

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Rachel Hallote
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

When the artistic canon of the Southern Levant coalesced in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scholars thought of the region, then Ottoman Palestine, as the locus of the Bible. The small-scale nature of the archaeological finds as well as their relative dearth reinforced a reliance on biblical narratives as a framework for understanding the culture of the region. Moreover, early scholarship did not recognize the complex regionalism of the Southern Levant or the diversity of its populations. Consequently, the artistic canon that developed did not represent the historical and archaeological realities of the region. This chapter examines the history of how the artistic canon of the Southern Levant formed over the past century of scholarship, why various scholars of the early and middle twentieth century included particular items in the canon, and why these now entrenched representations may or may not be helpful to the discipline’s future.

Positivism, Historicism, and Political Inquiry

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Inquiry ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
Epistemological Relativism

The present controversy between “behavioral” and “postbehavioral” views of political inquiry reflects a larger dispute between two opposing theories of knowledge. Whereas the behavioral movement has its epistemological roots in positivism and, ultimately, in classical British empiricism, the most recent protest against behavioralism draws upon the theory of knowledge that has been the principal foe of empiricism over the past century. This theory of knowledge, which received the name “historicism” shortly after its emergence, had become the dominant epistemological position by the mid-twentieth century. This essay considers the general nature of historicism and its influence on the recent revolt against positivism in the philosophy of science. Finally, it examines the use that political scientists have made of historicist principles in opposing positivistic models of political inquiry. It argues that an epistemological relativism becomes unavoidable once certain premises of historicism are embraced.

scholarly journals Features of Transformation and Self-Organization of Mountain Nival-Glacial Geosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
A. D. Kitov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law

The Munku-Sardyk mountain range (3,491 m) represents the territory of the modern glaciation of The East Sayan. Different forms of transformation of nival-glacial geosystems have been preserved in this range. The processes of transformation and self-organization of geosystems are considered on the example of the Radde glacier and the unique stone glacier. Due to climate change, the glacier has shrunk considerably. Its area has decreased over 100 years from 0.3 to 0.19 km2, and over the last 20 years from 0.19 to 0.09 km2. However, the glacier has processes of self-preservation, slowing down the process of melting the glacier. This transformation of the glacier is manifested as the reservation of surface moraines. The peculiarities of the formation of surface moraines are considered. In the past century, the formation rate of moraines was 0.001 km2/year. Recently, the rate of formation of moraines has increased to 0.02 km2/year. In the second case, the unique stone stream (stone glacier) is an example of the transformation of the classical glacier into a new structure, which at this stage does not depend significantly on the observed warming, and can exist as an independent object for quite some time. The material is supplied by the rock of mountain range, and the transport by the ice bed is formed in winter from groundwater at the level of indigenous rocks, like subsurface ice. The structure of this stone stream is presented as an independent geosystem. It is assumed that the nival-glacial geosystems behave like lag systems. From the analysis of freezing and thawing of soils it follows that the increase and degradation of glaciers should be subject to the law of hystiresis.

scholarly journals Inspiration of Astronomy in the Movies: a History of a Close Encounter

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
Beatriz García ◽  
Estela Reynoso ◽  
Silvina Pérez Alvarez ◽  
Raúl Gabellone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Science History ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Giordano Bruno ◽  
The Media

The connection between astronomy and an independent, widespread cultural expression like cinematography is of particular interest within the context of the Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena. Astronomy has caught the interest of the seventh art since its birth, early in the twentieth century. In this paper we go through a collection of movies that reveal how astronomy and astronomers are perceived by society. We notice the influence of the progress achieved in astronautics in the second half of the past century, and how interplanetary or even intergalactic travels have become a recurrent issue. In many cases, astronomical facts are rigorously treated, but several other times, serious mistakes are transmitted. Biographical movies based on astronomical celebrities are rare, but some are masterpieces, like Giordano Bruno by Giuliano Montaldo, or Galileo Galilei by Liliana Cavani. In this sense the astronomers, as main characters in cinema, support the idea of the scientist as everyman, connected with life and, in many cases, with a sense of social responsibility. From the analysis of more than a hundred movies, we can see that this particular manifestation of art, which involves science and technology, can be used not only to reproduce astronomical events, transmit a message or reproduce a particular epoch of science history, but also to teach, to develop a critical faculty when faced with information from the media, and to show that astronomical facts can be as interesting, relevant, dramatic, happy or funny as real life.

scholarly journals The Problem of Realist Events in American Journalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Barnhurst
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Public Radio ◽  
News Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
News Websites ◽  
American Journalism

Since the nineteenth century, more kinds of news outlets and ways of presenting news grew along with telegraphic, telephonic, and digital communications, leading journalists, policymakers, and critics to assume that more events became available than ever before. Attentive audiences say in surveys that they feel overloaded with information, and journalists tend to agree. Although news seems to have become more focused on events, several studies analyzing U.S. news content for the past century and a half show that journalists have been including fewer events within their coverage. In newspapers the events in stories declined over the twentieth century, and national newscasts decreased the share of event coverage since 1968 on television and since 1980 on public radio. Mainstream news websites continued the trend through the 2000s. Instead of providing access to more of the “what”, journalists moved from event-centered to meaning-centered news, still claiming to give a factual account in their stories, built on a foundation of American realism. As journalists concentrated on fewer and bigger events to compete, audiences turned away from mainstream news to look for what seems like an abundance of events in digital media.

scholarly journals Radical women in social work: A historical prespective from North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Therese Jennissen ◽  
Colleen Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Very High

INTRODUCTION: Many challenges that confront social workers today are similar to problems they have faced over the past century – inequality, poverty, unemployment, militarisation and armed conflict, and the challenges of refugee resettlement, to name a few. It is instructive for contemporary social workers to revisit this history and to determine if there are lessons to inform our current struggles.METHOD: This paper explores the issues faced and strategies employed by radical, politically active social workers, most of them women. These social workers had visions of social justice and were not afraid to challenge the status quo, often at very high personal costs. The radical social workers were expressly interested in social change that centred on social justice, women’s rights, anti-racism, international peace, and they worked in close alliance and solidarity with other progressive groups.CONCLUSIONS: This article highlights the work of five radical female social workers. Radical social workers were in the minority but they were extraordinarily active and made important contributions in the face of formidable challenges.

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