CAN GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES SUSTAIN OIL PALM YIELDS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION IN NORTHEAST THAILAND?

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-930
Author(s):  
SIRILUK SOMNUEK ◽  
MAJA SLINGERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fertiliser Application

SUMMARYThe government of Thailand aims for sustainability of palm oil production in the Northeast for bioenergy and farmers’ income. This study investigated whether producers in Northeast Thailand managed their oil palm according to good agricultural practices (GAP) and if not, what effects this has on yield. A survey was conducted amongst 108 randomly selected farmers. For 25 selected plots, management and yields were monitored twice a month for two full years. Compliance to GAP was high for weeding, harvesting, pruning and pest and disease control but not for irrigation (40%) and fertiliser application (20–40%). GAP adoption scores per households positively correlated with income from other crops, tree age and degree of training. We showed that rainfall was insufficient for good oil palm growth between October and April. In the monitored group, use of irrigation and amounts of N, P, K and Mg applied were strongly correlated. The yield was significantly greater with irrigation and fertiliser, reaching similar levels as in the South of Thailand (up to 25–30 Mg Fresh Fruit Bunches: FFB ha−1), but did not differ with soil texture. This allows us to conclude that better application of GAP, especially including a combination of irrigation and fertilisers overcame the unsuitable soil and rainfall conditions in the Northeast of Thailand. However, the costs of fertilisers compared to the price of FFB affected the profitability of FFB production, which may affect farmers’ motivation to apply GAP, especially on unsuitable soils. When the government aims for sustainable palm oil production in the Northeast it needs to invest in frequent technical support, irrigation infrastructure and affordable fertilisers. Otherwise, farmers may not apply GAP because of low returns on investments and yields will remain very modest.

scholarly journals Selection gains for the palm oil production from progenies of American oil palm with oil palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Alberto Gomes Junior ◽  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Higo Otávio Brochado Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters, correlations, and selection gains for the oil production of interspecific hybrids progenies between American oil palm, of ‘Manicoré’ origin, and oil palm, of ‘La Mé’ origin. Thirty-nine progenies were evaluated from the sixth to the ninth year after planting, for the productivity of fresh fruit bunches (PROD_FFB), oil content in the bunch (OCB), and palm oil productivity (PROD_OP). The genetic parameters and gains from direct (GDS) and indirect (GIS) selection were estimated for PROD_OP. High values of heritability for the CVg/CVe ratio indicated favorable conditions for the selection. With the selection of 20% of the progenies (selection in both sexes), the following estimates were obtained: 11.15% GDS for PROD_OP, 9.1% GIS for OCB, and 8.1% GIS for PROD_FFB. The PROD_OP of the progenies was of 6,175, 6,057, and 5,995 kg ha-1 per year with GDS and GIS for OCB and PROD_FFB, respectively. The restricted selection of the LM2T male genitor offspring resulted in 5.1% estimated GSD and in a mean of 5,800 kg ha-1 per year for PROD_OP. Selection gains for PROD_OP can be achieved immediately through the selection restricted to oil palm male genitors, and, in the medium and long term, through the interspecific reciprocal recurrent selection between American oil palm and oil palm populations.

scholarly journals THE CHALLENGES FACING PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Sani Shehu ◽  
Mohd Afandi Salleh ◽  
Edy Fitriawan Syahadat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Government

The oil palm plantation can be found throughout West Africa and palm oil has contributed significantly towards the Nigerian exports. However, the palm oil industry in Nigeria was declining to 36.4% in 1969 and 13.2% in 1974 in spite of being the largest global exporting country at the beginning of 20th Century. Since then, domestic consumption has increased, slow growth in palm oil production and low output was delivered. The equipment of production is considered obsolete, the plantations are aging, the technology access is very little, and financing is insufficient. This indicated a threat and inefficiency of Nigerian palm oil industries to cater for the needs of people regardless of the increase in oil demand locally as the  palm kernel oil is becoming important food and raw materials. Due to this problem, Nigeria remained to receive palm oil from Malaysia even though the seedlings was originated from Nigeria. Other large importers include from Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Togo. This issue has caused Palm oil production in Nigeria to be more expensive and not competitive if compared to other countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this paper explores the challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria using qualitative data through document and thematic analysis. The semi-structured interview was analysed by utilizing Atlas ti 8 software. The findings of the paper shows that there are challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria such as lack of good planting materials, poor funding, improper milling and lack of technology. From this, it is confirmed that there are numerous challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria which requires aids from the government from allocation of huge amount of its budget to agriculture and establish better policies for the palm oil industry that will attract more public and private investment. Keywords: Oil Palm, Palm Oil, Palm Oil industry in Nigeria, Challenges  

scholarly journals ACCEPTANCE OF GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) AMONG INDEPENDENT OIL PALM SMALLHOLDERS IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Nur Hanani Mansor ◽  
Nazirah Che Jaafar ◽  
Mohamad Arfan Johari ◽  
Parthiban Kannan ◽  
Say Peng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Individual

Several oil palm sustainable certification schemes have been introduced in Malaysia such as MPOB Codes of Good Agricultural Practices (MPOB CoGAP) Certification, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification, and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification. All these certifications have been successfully accepted in many of the oil palm estates except the ISH. There is a big challenge to certify the Malaysian ISH because they are lack farm management practice. Therefore, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has introduced the individual sustainable certification to the ISH, which is known as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) certification. This paper's main objectives are to identify the GAP acceptance level (compliant, partial-compliant, and non-compliant) recommended by MPOB and determine the factors affecting GAP certification acceptance among the ISH in Malaysia. This study was conducted in all states in Malaysia, and the data were collected from a total of 400 respondents selected through the Proportionate Random Sampling Method. The results showed that 58% of the ISH partially comply by receiving the GAP certificate. while only 26% fulfilled the requirements, thus eligible for GAP certification. Two factors that significantly influenced the GAP compliance among the ISH were the respondents' education level and the age of palm oil plantation. The results of this study indicated that GAP on fertiliser application and record-keeping were adopted by the ISH and significantly affecting their compliant level of MPOB GAP Certification among ISH.

Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Dimas Satria ◽  
Poningsih Poningsih ◽  
Widodo Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Web Programming ◽  
Level Of Confidence

The purpose of this paper is to create an expert system to detect oil palm plant diseases in order to help farmers / companies in providing accurate information about the diseases of oil palm plants and how to overcome them and to help reduce the risk of decreasing palm oil production. This system is designed to mimic the expertise of an expert who is able to detect diseases that attack oil palm plants. The method used is forward chaining that is starting from a set of data and proving a fact by describing the level of confidence and uncertainty found in a hypothesis. The results of this study are to diagnose diseases of oil palm plants and their computerization using web programming languages.

scholarly journals Oil palm land conversion in Pará, Brazil, from 2006–2014: evaluating the 2010 Brazilian Sustainable Palm Oil Production Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 034037 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Benami ◽  
L M Curran ◽  
M Cochrane ◽  
A Venturieri ◽  
R Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Production Program

scholarly journals The Optimal Felling Rate in the Palm Oil Plantation System

MATEMATIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz ◽  
Noryanti Nasir ◽  
Akbar Banitalebi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
Plantation System

Successful palm oil plantation should have high returns profit, clean and environmental friendly. Since oil palm trees have a long life and it takes years to be fully grown, controlling the felling rate of the palm oil trees is a fundamental challenge. It needs to be addressed in order to maximize oil production. However, a good arrangement of the felling palm oil trees may still affect the amount of carbon absorption. The objective of this study is to develop an optimal felling model of the palm oil plantation system taking into account both oil production and carbon absorption. The model facilitates in providing the optimal control of felling rate that results in maximizing both oil production and carbon absorption. With this aim, the model is formulated considering palm oil biomass, carbon absorption rate, oil production rate and the average prices of carbon and oil palm. A set of real data is used to estimate the parameters of the model and numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the application of the proposed model. The resulting parameter estimation is solved that leads to an optimal control of felling rate problem.

scholarly journals A Review of Southeast Asian Oil Palm and Its CO2 Fluxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royston Uning ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Murnira Othman ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Norfazrin Mohd Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Palm oil production is a key industry in tropical regions, driven by the demand for affordable vegetable oil. Palm oil production has been increasing by 9% every year, mostly due to expanding biofuel markets. However, the oil palm industry has been associated with key environmental issues, such as deforestation, peatland exploitation and biomass burning that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, leading to climate change. This review therefore aims to discuss the characteristics of oil palm plantations and their impacts, especially CO2 emissions in the Southeast Asian region. The tropical climate and soil in Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia, are very suitable for growing oil palm trees. However, due to the scarcity of available plantation areas deforestation occurs, especially in peat swamp areas. Total carbon losses from both biomass and peat due to the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantations are estimated to be around 427.2 ± 90.7 t C ha−1 and 17.1 ± 3.6 t C ha−1 year−1, respectively. Even though measured CO2 fluxes have shown that overall, oil palm plantation CO2 emissions are about one to two times higher than other major crops, the ability of oil palms to absorb CO2 (a net of 64 tons of CO2 per hectare each year) and produce around 18 tons of oxygen per hectare per year is one of the main advantages of this crop. Since the oil palm industry plays a crucial role in the socio-economic development of Southeast Asian countries, sustainable and environmentally friendly practices would provide economic benefits while minimizing environmental impacts. A comprehensive review of all existing oil plantation procedures is needed to ensure that this high yielding crop has highly competitive environmental benefits.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PALM SUGAR MASS ON THE MAKING OF THE COMPOS FROM THE PALM OIL SALES WITH ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION METHOD USING EM-4

Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ramli Ramli ◽  
Marlinda Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

Abstract- East Kalimantan, especially Kutai regency produces 1,112,442 tons/year of palm oil. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the wastes generated in the processing of palm oil that is equal to 20-23% of the fresh fruit bunches, so the amount of EFB that can be generated is 244,737.24 tons/year. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of palm sugar as a nutrient to nutrient nitrogen EM4, phosphor and potassium in composting EFB. This research was conducted by varying the mass of Palm Sugar: 0.4000 g, 0.6000 g, 0.8000 g, 1.0000 g and 1.2000 g. The main composting process that was carried out by adding EM4 solution of 10 mL and 100 mL sugar solution into 200 grams EFB, letting it stand for 30 days, and after that the analysis was conducted. The total content of nutrients is highest on the mass of 1.2000 g palm sugar that is 3.174%. The conclusion of this study is the greater the mass of Palm Sugar is added, the greater the concentration of nutrients found in the composting by using bacterial EM4. Keywords: bio-activator EM4, palm Sugar, EFB.

scholarly journals Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Arutchelvam Balakrishnan ◽  
Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria ◽  
Bee Aik Tan ◽  
Jaime Yoke Sum Low ◽  
Shwu Fun Kua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. This study shows that a 0.50% (v/v) ethephon application by the evaporation method induced the highest fruit detachment of 30.8 ± 1.1% after 24 h at room temperature, with the FFA content in the extracted crude palm oil at 0.34 ± 0.09%. Ethephon application was effective on bunches between 14 and 28 kg, and fruit detachment was higher in ripe and underripe bunches at 24.1 ± 0.9% and 23.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. A significant fruit detachment of 47.2 ± 2.4% was achieved when the bunches were also stripped mechanically, but the FFA content increased almost 4-fold, from 1.0 ± 0.2% to 3.8 ± 1.2%. The application of ethylene gas at 750 ppm yielded 29.4 ± 1.9% fruit detachment. The findings present the possibility of using ethylene as an indirect method for minimizing oil loss without increasing the FFA content in future crude palm oil production systems.

scholarly journals Ripeness Level Classification of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Using Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Hefniati Ishak ◽  
Minarni Shiddiq ◽  
Ramma Hayu Fitra ◽  
Nadia Zakyyah Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

Tingkat Kematangan Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) kelapa Sawit merupakan faktor penentu kualitas crude palm oil (CPO) yang dihasilkan pabrik kelapa sawit. Metode penyortiran TBS setelah panen atau sebelum memasuki proses perebusan pada umumnya dilakukan secara manual mengandalkan penglihatan dan pengalaman. Metode ini rentan kesalahan dan bersifat subyektif. Metode pencitraan berkembang sangat cepat karena kemajuan dalam bidang komputer dan teknik pengolahan citra, khususnya untuk sistem sortasi dan grading. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode pencitraan fluoresensi yang diinduksi laser untuk mengakses dan mengklasifikasi tingkat kematangan TBS kelapa sawit. Hubungan antara tingkat keabuan dan tingkat kekerasan buah TBS dianalisa. Sampel terdiri dari 27 TBS kelapa sawit varietas Tenera. Tingkat kematangan dikategorikan oleh pemanen berpengalaman menjadi mentah, matang, dan lewat matang. Tiga bagian TBS yaitu pangkal, tengah, dan ujung disinari laser dioda 640 nm mengenai 5 buah pada tiap bagian. Kemudian citra direkam mengunakan kamera CMOS monokrom. Selanjutnya 15 buah tersebut diuji tingkat kekerasan mengunakan penetrometer. Klasifikasi tingkat kematangan dilakukan mengunakan K-mean clustering. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa metode pencitraan fluoresensi yang diinduksi laser potensial digunakan dalam mengklasifikasi tingkat kematangan TBS. Tingkat kekerasan buah berkorelasi positif terhadap tingkat keabuan citra TBS. K-mean clustering memperlihatkan tiga kelompok tingkat kematangan yang terdiri dari 0, 1 dan 2. Ripeness levels of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are the main factor to determine the quality of crude palm oil (CPO) produced by Oil Palm Mill. Sorting oil palm FFB after harvest or before entering the boiling process is generally done manually which relies on human vision and experience. Imaging methods has developed vastly due to advances in computer and image processing techniques. This study used a laser-induced fluorescence imaging to access and classify the ripeness levels of oil palm FFB of Tenera variety. The relationship between gray value and the level of firmness of FFB fruit was analyzed. The samples consisted of 27 oil palm FFB categorized  by experienced harvester as unripe, ripe, and overripe. Laser light was shone on equatorial part of each FFB such that 5 fruitlets were covered by laser light, then the image of the front part was acquire using a monochrome CMOS camera. The step was repeated for basil and apical parts in sequent. All 15 fruitlets were testing for the firmness level using a penetrometer. Ripeness level classification was done using K-mean clustering. The results showed that the laser-induced fluorescence imaging method are potential to be used to determine the ripeness levels of FFB. The fruit firmness is positively correlated with the gray value of the image of FFB. K-mean clustering shows three ripeness centroid of 0, 1 and 2 . Keyword: Fluorecence Imaging, Oil Palm, Fresh Fruit Bunches, Firmness, Laser Induced Fluorecence

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