The Legal Status of Married Women in Lebanon

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Rustum Shehadeh
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Behavior

Law plays a vital role in establishing not only regulations but actual thoughts and behavior in defining what is acceptable by society and what is to be considered natural or unnatural. Thus, as the laws dealt with here become symbols of what society believes to be natural or unnatural, they assume far more serious implications than their strictly legal context; hence, the significance of this study. The law is the arena where different views or philosophies are contested. Thus, Rosemary Coombe maintains that “law concludes or limits everyday struggles, authoritatively determines the qualities of individuals or groups, the social identities which people can lay claim to, and the ways in which personhood and experiences of self can be legitimately represented.” Furthermore, by legitimizing certain conceptions of the self, the law by default suppresses alternative conceptions.

2. Marriage and Civil Partnership

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-96
Author(s):  
Polly Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time

This chapter starts by considering how people get married, tracing the institution of marriage through history. It looks at the evolving popularity of marriage to the present day. The chapter then addresses the social and legal significance of marriage. It asks: Why does the state encourage people to marry? The chapter also looks at other ways in which relationships can be formalised under the law. Finally, the chapter turns to civil partnerships and looks at the changes in legal status to such partnerships over time. It also considers public perceptions of civil partnerships. Finally the chapter asks: Is there a future for marriage?

The Status of Women in Athens

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Seltman
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ancient Athens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Servant ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

It is essential for us to question our own views and those of our predecessors on the status of women in ancient Athens. With few exceptions these views display a kernel of prejudice and a pulp of misunderstanding, skinned over with the bloom of evasiveness. It is, indeed, odd to observe how inquirers into the social framework of Greek society have been misled, and how few classical scholars have attempted to give the lie to the extravagances spread abroad concerning the alleged attitude of Athenians to their womenfolk. Temptation to write up a violent contrast between the daily lives of Spartan and Athenian women was great, and in the last century other half-conscious feelings helped a false presentation. Again and again it has been said or implied that Athenian married women lived in an almost oriental seclusion, and that they were looked on with indifference approaching sometimes to contempt. Quite recently it was alleged in a broadcast that the Athenian social system relegated women to the condition of squaws, the matron being little more than a domestic servant. ‘As wives and mothers’, said the speaker, ‘Athenian women were despised.’ Literary passages have in the past been torn from their context as evidence for this, and the inferior legal status of women has been stressed. There are, however, important exceptions among scholars, of especial value being an essay by Professor A. W. Gomme, and a long section in The Greeks by Professor H. D. F. Kitto, whose remarks on truncated quotations from Aristophanes and Xenophon are very illuminating. Anyone interested in the question is advised to read again pages 219–36 in that little volume, as most of what follows simply strengthens what Kitto has written. In a variety of religious festivals women took conspicuous parts, and with the festivals we may put the theatre, because Athenian women formed a part of the audience, as is admitted in the last edition of Haigh's great work.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FACEBOOK BAGI KEHIDUPAN ROHANI MAHASISWA STKIP WIDYA YUWANA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Anastasia Dwilestari ◽  
Agustinus Wisnu Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Formulations ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Church

The church is always determined to serve the people of its time, and also to keep abreast of the times with its ways. The development of the technological age that is seen, one of them is the internet that provides various kinds of social networks. Facebook is one of the social networks used in everyday life and influences the user. Based on the background above, the researcher can formulate a number of problem formulations as follows: What is meant by Facebook? What is meant by spiritual life? What is the influence using of Facebook on the spiritual life of students in STKIP Widya Yuwana Madiun? This study aims to describe the meaning of Facebook; describe the meaning of spiritual life, describe the influence using of Facebook on spiritual life of students in STKIP Widya Yuwana. This study used a qualitative method by collecting data through interviews with 8 respondents. Qualitative research is an open interview as an effort to examine and understand the attitudes, views, feelings and behavior of individuals or groups of people on a problem. Qualitative methods are as a form of research that is more focused on efforts to see, understand attitudes, feelings, views and behaviors both individually and in groups regarding an event.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Judges’ Salary as an Element of the Constitutional and Legal Status of Judges

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
V. S. Vitkova ◽  
Y. O. Hrabova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
The Social ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
Basic Salary ◽  
The City

The article focuses on the use of the categories of «permanent population» and «existing population» while applying the regional coefficients in determining the basic amount of salary of a judge, since the judge’s salary guarantees the independence of the judge and is an integral part of his constitutional legal status. Attention is drawn to the fact that, since the judge’s salary can be determined only by the Law of Ukraine «On Judicial System and Status of Judges» the issue of the uniqueness of the application of regional coefficients requires an additional focus of scholars and practitioners, which, in turn, is related to the uncertainty of the provisions of paragraphs 2, 3, 4, Part 4 of the Art. 135 of the above mentioned Law. Determination of the regional coefficient for the calculation of the judge’s salary substantiates the feasibility of applying regional coefficients in practice based on the data, in particular, the basic indicators of the effectiveness of the courts of settlements, population of which exceed 1 million and total population of which is less than 100 thousand. Relevant comparative data on the burden on judges of such courts is provided. Based on the obtained empirical data, it is concluded that there are ambiguities in the use of the categories «existing population» and «permanent population» by the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine while approving staffing of courts in the period of 2017-2020 on the example of Odesa City, despite the relatively constant number of permanent and existing population in the city during this period. The necessity to apply the category of «existing population» in determining the basic salary of a judge is argued, as well as the advisability of amending the paragraphs 2-4 of Part 4 of the Art. 135 of the Law of Ukraine «On Judicial System and Status of Judges» in regard to the need for uniform application of this rule in practice and ensuring that the social guarantees of judicial independence are respected.

Normalization and the Limits of the Law: The Case of the Czech Jazz Section

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-318
Author(s):  
Peter Bugge
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

The Jazz Section was one of the most remarkable cultural institutions in “normalized” Czechoslovakia. Established in 1971 as part of the official Musicians' Union, the Jazz Section used its legal status to arrange jazz and rock concerts and to publish a variety of books without the permission or consent of the Communist authorities. From the late 1970s, the regime strove hard to close the Section; however, it survived until 1984. Only in 1986 did the regime find a way to prosecute its leading activists. This article investigates why persecution proved so troublesome. It focuses on the impact of the Jazz Section's legalistic strategy, and on the role of legal concerns in regime behavior. It argues that references to “law and order” had a central legitimizing function in the social discourse of the Husák regime, and that the resulting need to translate policies of repression into legal measures inhibited the authorities in their assertion of power and created an ambiguous window of opportunity for independent social activism.

Crafting Marine Shell Prestige Goods at Cahokia

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Trubitt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Prestige Goods ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marine Shell

Acquired from coasts and exchanged inland across North America, marine shell was an important raw material for making prestige goods, valued objects that “materialized” relationships between individuals or groups. Of interest here is how marine shell prestige goods production and exchange was organized, including the social identities of crafters and consumers. At Cahokia, shell working was associated with higher-status households, especially in the later phases of the Mississippian sequence. Shell ornaments crafted by elite households may have been used locally, but since prestige goods often passed through many hands, some shell objects may have ultimately been deposited far from Cahokia.

scholarly journals Modification of the legal basis of the activity of religious orders in Poland introduced by the communist authorities in 1949

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Marta Ordon
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The Law ◽  
Post War

This study casts light on the circumstances and effects of changes to the legal acts defining the legal framework of the activities of religious orders in post-war Poland. Until 1949, religious orders had not been covered by the regulations on the creation and legalization of secular associations. Pursuant to the decree of 5 August 1949, however, they were obligated to comply with the provisions of the Law on Associations. Failure to apply for the registration resulted in the dissolution of the order and the forfeiture of its assets by the state. Still, despite the submission of the applications as provided by law, the authorities refused to registered orders and did not maintain an official register of such entities, either. In point of fact, the communist regime only intended to develop such a legal context in which the law might be used as a tool of repression against religious orders. The actual aim of the 1949 amendment was not the intent to clarify the legal status of religious orders, which remained uncertain in the aftermath of the Resolution of the Provisional Government of National Unity of 12 September 1945 invalidating the 1925 Concordat. The authorities only intended to establish a strict state control over religious organizations and, by extension, gradually reduce their activity until their complete disappearance from public life. The content relies primarily on the analysis of the legislation and archival material gathered in the state and ecclesiastical archives in Poland.

scholarly journals Metode Istinbath Dewan Syariah Wahdah Islamiyah dalam Menetapkan Hukum BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Islahuddin Ramadhan Mubarak ◽  
Sulkifli Herman ◽  
Rahmat Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Law

This study aimed to recognize the law of Individual Healthcare of Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri) in Islamic law by linking the fatwa of the Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding its legal status. This study tried to examine the flow and contract system of BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri and istinba>t method of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah in determining the law of BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri. The method in this study used qualitative research based on field research with observation, interview, and manuscript collection techniques, and descriptive analysis in summarizing research findings. The results found were as follows: First, the concept of social security prescribed in Islam to actualize ta’a>wun, tada>mun, or taka>ful is the concept of insurance conducted in a way a tabarru’ agreement is there, that is a form of contract which is conducted with the aim of goodness and helping each other. Second, BPJS Kesehatan is a public legal entity that is responsible for providing social security for the entire community based on Law No. 40 of 2004 and Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agenc Third, the istinba>t method of the Wahdah Islamiyah Sharia Council is based on the Qur'an, Sunna, Ijmak and Qiya>s. Fourth, the recommendations from istinba>t of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding the ideas and concepts of social security are that it is not a problem, however the flow and contract system are not yet in accordance with the sharia. Fifth, the recommendations of istinba>t results of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding the existence of BPJS Kesehatan are that it is needed by Indonesian people, then it is not difficult to make social insurance based on sharia rules, if this is not possible, then the community should be given a choice to choose an insurance in accordance with sharia principles.

Social Status, Legal Status and Legal Privilege

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
The Impact

The legal categories under the Roman law of persons tell us relatively little about social status. The impact of social status on law is best understood through an examination of elite views of rank and social status. Rank and social status were closely connected as these elite markers of social esteem were requirements for admission to elite ranks. Social status bore a complex relationship to legal status: possession of the legal statuses of citizenship and free birth was a prerequisite for certain ranks, which conferred social status. Legal rules helped guide the behaviour of the social elite. Social status, rather than legal status, conferred advantages in the law, both in the structure of the legal system and through the monopoly of members of the social elite over the application of the law. These advantages could be mitigated by recourse to the patronage or petitioning of an official or the emperor.

From Semantics to Normative Law: Perceptions of Liwāt (Sodomy) and Sihāq (Tribadism) in Islamic Jurisprudence (8th-15th Century CE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Omar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractThe present essay is an examination of classical jurists' legal determinations pertaining to liwāt (sodomy) and sihāq (tribadism), both of which have been little studied in their legal context. In exploring jurists' logic and legal categorizations, I argue that three major factors contributed to their legal injunctions: (1) their use of zinā (illicit sex between a man and a woman) as the paradigm by which to punish liwāt and sihāq, (2) their perception of sexual intercourse as an exclusively male act of phallic penetration, and (3) an individual's legal status within the social hierarchy as reflected in jurisprudential discussions of illicit sexual intercourse (zinā). Juristic disagreements over the semantics and definitions of these three factors extended to the treatment of liwāt and sihāq and, ultimately, became normative doctrine.

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