Proculus v. Labeo

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Herbert Hausmaninger
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
School Conflict ◽  
The Relationship

After Felix Wubbe's study ‘Iavolenus contra Labeonem’, any attempt to draw general conclusions from differences of opinion voiced by two classical Roman jurists concerning specific points of law must appear less than promising. According to Wubbe's finding, not even the critical comments which Iavolenus (head of the Sabinian law school) appended to the posthumous works of Labeo (who supposedly founded the rival Proculian school) seem to yield any tangible evidence of methodological or other principles fundamentally distinguishing the two jurists. How then could one expect controversies within one and the same Proculian school, namely the rejection or modification of individual opinions of the jurist Labeo by his successor Proculus, to offer insights of a jurisprudential nature, particularly with respect to the character of the early classical law schools and the so-called school conflict between Sabinians and Proculians?Reflections of this kind may, indeed, dampen expectations, yet there is little reason to despair. With some patience it should be possible to conduct an analysis of the content and form of Proculus' criticism aimed at Labeo that will lead to observations supporting or amplifiying other information (e.g. concerning the relationship of Celsus to Proculus) and will eventually enable us to draw a broader picture.

Discourses on Modernity: Gandhi and Savarkar

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Present Context ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ways Of Life

Debates emanate from dualities, situations of conflict, contradictions and paradoxes. Modernity is a paradox of sorts. So too was the colonial experience. Contrary to popular belief, Gandhi looked at the Indian traditions and ways of life from the perspective derived from western modernist epistemology. Our attitude to modernity is bound up, consciously or otherwise, with our perspective on colonialism as the forerunner of modernity. The word ‘modernity’ has varied connotations. In the present context, it is to be understood, chiefly, as western Enlightenment modernity mediated through European colonialism. But the perception of Gandhi and V.D. Savarkar differed regarding western Enlightenment modernity as there were differences of opinion between them on almost every political and social issue and methods of struggle against colonialism. These differences were rooted actually in their understanding of modernity, its epistemologies and variants prevalent in Europe, their relevance for Indian context and national liberation struggle. Gandhi’s may appear to be rooted in indigenous traditions but he also inherited the ‘scientific temper’ and methods and weapons of struggle which ‘modern politics’ has brought to forefront in Europe and America. Savarkar, on the other hand, was influenced by the intellectual trends which forged the weapons for the Right-wing politics in Europe. Gandhi appears to be always open to dialogue even though his position may be very dogmatic on certain issues but Savarkar is free from ambivalences that resurface repeatedly in Gandhi. The reflection is to be found in their political, literary, philosophical and other discourses, providing contexts in which debates unfold concerning customs, laws, religions, languages, generations, regions and ends and means controversy. They underpin controversies over the relationship of the individual to the collective.

Lidar-Derived Distribution of Cloud Vertical Location and Extent

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Carswell ◽  
A. Fong ◽  
S. R. Pal ◽  
I. Pribluda
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cloud Thickness ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract This paper summarizes the results of a statistical analysis of lidar-determined cloud geometrical properties measured during the 1989 and 1991 campaigns of the Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study. Useful lidar descriptors are introduced to specify the bottom-, top-, and midcloud altitudes. These are used to describe the behavior of cloud vertical location and vertical extent during several months of observations using a dual wavelength (1064 and 532 nm) Nd:YAG lidar at Toronto. Frequency distributions of cloud height and cloud thickness are presented and the relationship of the lidar descriptors to cloud properties are discussed. These data are compared with other information on cloud geometry available in the literature.

The Relationship of Academic Degree and Years in Practice to Occupational Therapists' Perceptions of the Status of the Profession and Educational Preparation

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Hayes Fleming ◽  
Ralph L. Piedmont
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Educational Preparation ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

A questionnaire survey was sent to 2,000 occupational therapists and certified occupational therapy assistants to gather data on perceptions of the state of the profession and its educational system. Eight hundred and eleven questionnaires were returned and analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The results of two sections of the questionnaire are presented here. These results suggest that, in general, therapists feel that the status of occupational therapy should be improved and that the education of occupational therapists should change. However, there are significant differences of opinion about what should be done to improve the status of the profession and what changes should be made in education. These differences are related to subgroups in the profession. This article presents an overview of some of the differences in perceptions of the profession and its educational system according to two variables—academic degree held and years in practice.

scholarly journals Manajemen Kepala Sekolah dalam Menumbuhkan Kompetensi Sosial di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 10 Karang Anyar Rejang Lebong

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Murniyanto Murniyanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To create teachers with good social competence, the role of a school principal provides example. The success of the principal can be seen from his efforts to motivate the teacher’s socil competence. Need to carry out several policies including planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. Of course many obstacles faced by a school principal. The next most basic obstacle is to unite differences of opinion between the teachers. In the efforts of the headmaster so that the relationship of social competence among teachers can run according to his expectations, the headmaster of the MIM 10 implements a reward and puinishment system for all teachers

scholarly journals Compound sentences and syntaxic predicative contructions

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Sarina Rakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article highlights the problem of compound sentences in the Turkic languages. Within the framework of this study, the problem of predicativity in complex sentences and the relationship of theoretical linguistics to predicative constructions used instead of a sentence member are investigated. A complex sentence, like a simple sentence, is pronounced with a single intonation, expressing a complete idea. Complex sentences describe more complex phenomena of the world around us than in simple sentences, and therefore these constructions appear as a later, higher expression of human speech. In primitive human speech, to express his feelings or other information, a person mainly used simple sentences. Later, as the connection between events became clearer, their expression in speech became more complex. Although simple sentences as components of a complex sentence, while maintaining intonation, are predicative parts of a certain syntactic construction.

Clinical Legal Education and Democracy in India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sital Kalantry
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Law School ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Teaching Clinics ◽  
Global Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Basis

Formal clinical legal education programs with instructors teaching clinics in a classroom and practice setting are not common in Indian universities. Few programs in which law students provide legal services on a volunteer/voluntary basis to poor communities. This chapter argues that there are many reasons law schools and universities in India should institute clinical legal education programmes—through these classes, students learn practical lawyering skills and at the same time, students provide assistance to people who could not otherwise afford legal services. One less explored rationale for clinical legal education is the relationship between clinical legal education and the promotion of democracy. Through his personal experience in co-teaching a clinic at the Jindal Global Law School, the author develops the connection between democracy in India and clinical legal education.

Philosophy of law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Material ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Textbook is universal in nature, is short and at the same time the perfection of the supply of educational material. Consistently and logically set out the philosophical and legal doctrine, the study of the relationship of legal and economic postulates in the explanation of legal reality and legal reality. Prepared taking into account experience of teaching of philosophy of law students studying in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Law", in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of humanitarian directions of training, graduate students in training 40.04.01 Jurisprudence, graduates, teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as anyone interested in the philosophy of law.

scholarly journals The Great Disconnect: Reconnecting the Academy to the Profession

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines what the author calls “the great disconnect” between law schools and the profession. After a discussion of the purpose of law school and the current status of the academy and articling, the article traces the history of the relationship between law faculties and the profession over the past century. This relationship has, for the past 50 years, resulted in little connection between the academy and the profession. Recent efforts by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to regulate curriculum have now made the relationship more important than ever.The author looks at the effect the great disconnect has had on Canadian law schools and makes a number of recommendations on their future relationship with the profession, including institutional links with law societies and the Canadian Bar Association. Curriculum reform can also help bridge the great disconnect by implementing an integrated approach to legal education proposed by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, an approach that is being implemented in many law schools across the United States.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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