scholarly journals Compound sentences and syntaxic predicative contructions

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Sarina Rakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article highlights the problem of compound sentences in the Turkic languages. Within the framework of this study, the problem of predicativity in complex sentences and the relationship of theoretical linguistics to predicative constructions used instead of a sentence member are investigated. A complex sentence, like a simple sentence, is pronounced with a single intonation, expressing a complete idea. Complex sentences describe more complex phenomena of the world around us than in simple sentences, and therefore these constructions appear as a later, higher expression of human speech. In primitive human speech, to express his feelings or other information, a person mainly used simple sentences. Later, as the connection between events became clearer, their expression in speech became more complex. Although simple sentences as components of a complex sentence, while maintaining intonation, are predicative parts of a certain syntactic construction.

scholarly journals Effects of semantic and syntactic complexities and aspectual class on past tense production

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ayumi Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Topic Time ◽  
Simple Sentences

This paper reports results from a series of experiments that investigated whether semantic and/or syntactic complexity influences young Dutch children’s production of past tense forms. The constructions used in the three experiments were (i) simple sentences (the Simple Sentence Experiment), (ii) complex sentences with CP complements (the Complement Clause Experiment) and (iii) complex sentences with relative clauses (the Relative Clause Experiment). The stimuli involved both atelic and telic predicates. The goal of this paper is to address the following questions. Q1. Does semantic complexity regarding temporal anchoring influence the types of errors that children make in the experiments? For example, do children make certain types of errors when a past tense has to be anchored to the Utterance Time (UT), as compared to when it has to be anchored to the matrix topic time (TT)? Q2. Do different syntactic positions influence children’s performance on past-tense production? Do children perform better in the Simple Sentence Experiment compared to complex sentences involving two finite clauses (the Complement Clause Experiment and the Relative Clause Experiment)? In complex sentence trials, do children perform differently when the CPs are complements vs. when the CPs are adjunct clauses? (Lebeaux 1990, 2000) Q3. Do Dutch children make more errors with certain types of predicate (such as atelic predicates)? Alternatively, do children produce a certain type of error with a certain type of predicates (such as producing a perfect aspect with punctual predicates)? Bronckart and Sinclair (1973), for example, found that until the age of 6, French children showed a tendency to use passé composé with perfective events and simple present with imperfective events; we will investigate whether or not the equivalent of this is observed in Dutch.  

scholarly journals Complementiser and Relativiser in the English Subordinate Clauses

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
1 John ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Compound Sentence

Words combine to form larger units; phrases, clauses, and sentences. The study of the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences is referred to as syntax. Quirk, et, all (1985:47) distinguishes sentences into two types they are; simple sentences and multiple sentences which cover compound sentences and complex sentences. A simple sentence consists of one independent clause, a multiple clause contains more than one clauses, a compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses, while a complex sentence consists of insubordinate and subordinate clauses.Subordinate clause, in embedding the element of the insubordinate clause use either complementiser or relativiser. For example: (1) john said that he did not come to the party. That in (1) is considered to be complimentiser since it introduces the subordinate clause. (2) John met the teacher that teaches you English. That in (2) is classified as relativiser because it is used to introduce the modifying clause.This paper attempts to discuss complementiser and relativiser in the English subordinate clauses and describe the constituent structure in a tree diagram using the approach proposed by Kroeger (2005). The data were taken from a novel entitled Saved by The Bride by Fiona Lowe (2013).Keywords: complex sentences, subordinate clauses, complementiser or relativiser

scholarly journals Poly-predicative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparaison with Spanish and French)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
T. V. Repnina
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
First Time

By poly-predicative conditional constructions we mean complex sentences that contain at least three simple sentences, each representing either a condition or a consequence. Poly-predicative sentences can in addition contain other simple sentences that represent neither condition, nor consequence. Poly-predicative constructions that, apart from one condition and one consequence, also include other simple sentences, are not classified here as poly-predicative conditional constructions. While poly-predicative constructions in general have already been in the focus of researches attention, this article seems to address them on Catalan material for the first time. The purpose of this article is an analysis of syntactic relations in poly-predicative conditional constructions. Its objectives include their comparison in Catalan, Spanish, and French, identification of the main types of these constructions, and an analysis of their characteristics. Since the use of tenses and moods in the constructions addressed coincides with that in prototypical bi-predicative conditional constructions, we do not examine it here. The methods, used in this study, included: sampling during corpus collection, classification, description, comparison, transformational analysis and synthesis. The study is based on Catalan texts and their translations into Spanish and French. The findings of the study include: 1) Poly-predicative conditional constructions with several condition and/or consequence clauses are possible. Condition and consequence clauses can occupy different positions in poly-predicative conditional constructions; 2) In contrast to Catalan and Spanish, French admits the replacement of the conditional conjunction si by que; 3) Prototypical conditional and poly-predicative constructions are invariably characterized by subordination relations, with coordination parataxis possible as well. In addition, more complex syntactic structures are possible like, e. g., parallel co-coordination; 4) A prototypical conditional construction being a complex sentence, this limits possible syntactic types of poly-predicative conditional constructions. They cannot be structured as a string of simple sentences connected by coordination or subordination. Consecutive subordination of three or more subordinate sentences is not characteristic of conditional constructions; 5) The study identified a similarity between poly-predicative conditional constructions in Catalan, Spanish, and French. The present research is a contribution into the syntax of Romance languages.

An analysis of complex sentence structures in patients with schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Ozcan ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu ◽  
Koksal Alptekin ◽  
Sumru Ozsoy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Patients with schizophrenia often display unusual language impairments and these abnormalities in language are among the most extreme and obvious symptoms in Schizophrenia Disorder. In this context, this research attempts to analyze and compare the schizophrenic patients’ and control group’s speech  in terms of complex sentence structures. Fifty patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria have been includedd in the study and compared to fifty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients.  The subjects’ speech  has been  evaluated in four stages.  These are narration, story picture sequencing, semi-structured speech and free speech. The data consists of 8-10 minute recorded interviews.  The recordings have been transcribed based on DuBois’ Discourse Transcription Symbols. The statistical  and linguistic analyses have shown significant differences between complex sentence types’ of patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects’. The findings have demonstrated that due to the possible cognitive problems the speech produced by schizophrenia patients  is syntactically less complex than that of controls. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia use shorter and simple sentences instead of complex sentences compared to healthy subjects.Keywords: schizophrenia, sentence structure, complex sentence, language disorder, thought disorder.

The Syntax of Cleft Sentences in Berber

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Moha Ennaji ◽  
Fatima Sadiqi
Keyword(s):  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Description ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Being Moved

This paper claims that the cleft sentence in Berber has many interesting aspects of both the simple and the complex sentences; however, this construction seems to derive from the basic simple sentence rather than from the complex sentence, since it involves just one main verb and behaves like an S, and not like an NP. The pragmatic implications of the cleft sentence reveal that the clefted constituents are generally contrasted with other constituents of the same structural status in some previous discourse. It is also argued that a WH-movement analysis of the cleft construction is intuitively plausible since clefting involves constituents being moved to the initial position of the sentence. The aim of this paper is to give a syntactic description of the cleft sentence in Berber.1 The reason for undertaking this study is that clefts in Berber pose interesting problems in terms of their structural possibilities, their pragmatic effect and their possible derivation.

Lidar-Derived Distribution of Cloud Vertical Location and Extent

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Carswell ◽  
A. Fong ◽  
S. R. Pal ◽  
I. Pribluda
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cloud Thickness ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract This paper summarizes the results of a statistical analysis of lidar-determined cloud geometrical properties measured during the 1989 and 1991 campaigns of the Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study. Useful lidar descriptors are introduced to specify the bottom-, top-, and midcloud altitudes. These are used to describe the behavior of cloud vertical location and vertical extent during several months of observations using a dual wavelength (1064 and 532 nm) Nd:YAG lidar at Toronto. Frequency distributions of cloud height and cloud thickness are presented and the relationship of the lidar descriptors to cloud properties are discussed. These data are compared with other information on cloud geometry available in the literature.

scholarly journals Presentation of other people’s information in scientific discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
T. I. Steksova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Explanatory Structure

The paper reflects the author’s understanding of the explanatory structure as a semantic structure with a wide range of realizations: from complex sentences with an object clause, conjunctionless complex sentences, complicated sentences with introductory words, to simple sentences. The study considers a scientific text characterized by introducing other people’s information due to its polyphonic nature. The study objective was to identify the language reflection of the authors of the scientific text when choosing one of the possible syntactic constructions. A new direction, experimental analysis of the discourse, provides opportunities to language reflection study. Fifty-two graduate students of the Faculty of Philology took part in the experiment. Fifteen professors of various humanitarian specialties were the control group. The study analyzes the scientific text authors’ choice of the method of introducing other people’s information. The linguistic experiment results are those authors’ reflections about choosing one of the possible syntactic structures to deliver other people’s information. The students were found to prefer a direct speech structure (a conjunctionless complex sentence), with the teachers choosing the construction with indirect speech for “it may break the author’s text.” The following groups of reasons for choosing a design were identified: substantivecompositional, genre, and pragmatic. A conclusion is made that the authors of the scientific text do not fully use the wide possibilities for the language system to introduce explanatory semantics and often do it unconsciously. There is a tendency to “push” the authorization mode into auxiliary text, metatext.

scholarly journals Historiography of Studying a Single Complex Sentence: From a Structural Approach to Neurolinguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla YASNOHURSKA ◽  
Oksana BURKOVSKA ◽  
Svitlana PAMPURA
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The need for a special linguistic-historiographical study is due to the need to study the studies of those syntax who denied the thesis of the defining structural and mental features of single-syllable sentences. On this basis, the need to systematize the concepts of monosyllabic/ disyllabe complexity of simple sentences available in modern linguistics is actualized. The timeliness of such a comprehensive analysis should contribute to the classification system of simple sentences, as well as elucidation of psycho- and neurolinguistic mechanisms of their generation. The purpose of the study is the disclosure of the concepts of linguists of the 19th century at the beginning of the 21st century related to the study of the syntax of mono-compound sentences in Indo-European languages. The task of the article is also to trace the rudiments of psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic approaches in linguistic-historical discourse. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that on a wide range of factual material an attempt has been made to carry out a comprehensive linguistic-historiographic study of the syntax of monosyllabic sentences taking into account the evolution of the views of linguists on various aspects of the analyzed issues: from formal-syntactic to neuropsychological. The use of an integrated approach allowed to reach a qualitatively new level of generalizations. The latest theories and the involvement of a large number of facts have made it possible to obtain certain results in the study of the monosyllabic/ disyllabe of a simple sentence.

scholarly journals MONOFINITE COMPLEX CLAUSE IN THE KUMYK LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
U. B. Abdullabekova
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Agglutinative Languages ◽  
Adverbial Phrase ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to analyze the monofinite complex clause in the Kumyk language in terms of structure. The originality of the research lies in the fact that the article proposes a different approach than in Russian studies on the analysis of the syntactic structure of a sentence. The relevance of the research is determined by the role of the sentence structure and methods of its study in linguistics in general. The main method used in the study is the method of syntactic modeling, which is used in terms of functions (members of a sentence), in terms of morphological forms of words and the semantic structure of a sentence. Turkic languages are not characterized by properly complex sentences with two formally independent finite parts connected by an analytical form. Case affixes and postpositions form not finite verb forms, but infinite verb forms. Such constructions in agglutinative languages are central and most frequent. The monofinite complex clause, or a sentence complicated by an infinite phrase (participial and adverbial phrase), or “polypredicative construction” according to the Novosibirsk syntactic school is investigated in this article. The author argues that when characterizing a complex clause, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as the finiteness / infiniteness of the dependent predicate, the nature of the means of communication and the referential identity / non-identity of the subjects of the main and dependent parts. The constructive center of a monofinite complex clause is the indicator of connection –analytical, that is, an auxiliary word, or synthetic, that is, a morpheme in the composition of a dependent predicate. Formally, this is a part of the infinite form of such a predicate, but functionally it serves to express the relationship between the predicative parts. Since the dependent predicate in the Kumyk language occupies the final position in the dependent predicative unit, the synthetic link indicator is located on the border between the main predicative unit and the dependent predicative unit.

Proculus v. Labeo

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Herbert Hausmaninger
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
School Conflict ◽  
The Relationship

After Felix Wubbe's study ‘Iavolenus contra Labeonem’, any attempt to draw general conclusions from differences of opinion voiced by two classical Roman jurists concerning specific points of law must appear less than promising. According to Wubbe's finding, not even the critical comments which Iavolenus (head of the Sabinian law school) appended to the posthumous works of Labeo (who supposedly founded the rival Proculian school) seem to yield any tangible evidence of methodological or other principles fundamentally distinguishing the two jurists. How then could one expect controversies within one and the same Proculian school, namely the rejection or modification of individual opinions of the jurist Labeo by his successor Proculus, to offer insights of a jurisprudential nature, particularly with respect to the character of the early classical law schools and the so-called school conflict between Sabinians and Proculians?Reflections of this kind may, indeed, dampen expectations, yet there is little reason to despair. With some patience it should be possible to conduct an analysis of the content and form of Proculus' criticism aimed at Labeo that will lead to observations supporting or amplifiying other information (e.g. concerning the relationship of Celsus to Proculus) and will eventually enable us to draw a broader picture.

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