The use of thein vitrofermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages II. Thein vitroproduction of total volatile fatty acids and organic acids as criteria of energy content

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. El-Shazly ◽  
A. R. Abou Akkada ◽  
M. M. A. Naga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique

1. Fourin vitrofermentation experiments, in duplicate, were carried out over 24 hr. periods, to estimate the production of v.f.a. and o.a from forages.2. A new technique for determining the total organic acids produced in the rumen is described.3. The o.a. produced in the earlier part of the fermentation are considerably higher than the v.f.a. but the difference then diminishes. There is practically no difference in the amounts produced after 24 hr.4. Highly significant correlations were found between thein vitroproduction of v.f.a. or o.a. and d.e./kg. d.m., for all the roughages tested. Nonlegumes gave a more highly significant correlation than legumes.5. Regression equations show that o.a. or v.f.a. were more accurate thanin vitrocellulose digestion for predicting the d.e./kg. d.m. of non-legume forages. It is concluded that V.F.A. productionin vitrois the best criterion in this respect.

Organic Acids and Anaerobic Microorganisms in the Contents of the Cholesteatoma SAC

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Iino ◽  
Tomonori Takasaka ◽  
Etsuro Hoshino ◽  
Yutaka Kaneko ◽  
Sachiko Tomioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Organic acids in the contents of the cholesteatoma sac from 28 cases were studied by gas chromatographic technique. Five volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate and isovalerate) and lactate were detected in large amounts, which may lower the pH of the cholesteatoma content. These acids were considered to be derived from products of anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, the contents from 12 cases were cultured anaerobically in a glove box. Obligate microorganisms were identified in 92% of the cases and Peptococcus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium species were frequently isolated. In vitro, such obligate anaerobes produced various organic acids from the cholesteatoma content. Facultatives such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis produced acetate in the content under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas no organic acid was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Organic acids in the cholesteatoma content could be fermentative products made by the microorganisms, anaerobes and facultatives, which use the content as a substrate for acid production.

THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN THE PIG: I. THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE PROPORTIONS OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN PIG FECES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diet Level

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of diet, level of feeding and age and/or weight on the proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the feces of pigs. Cellulose was added to the control ration fed in one experiment and dried whey or bran to that fed in another experiment. When the level of intake of the cellulose-supplemented ration was reduced, the digestibility of crude fiber in the ration increased. The proportion of fecal acetic acid also increased, but the difference observed did not reach statistical significance at P = 0.05. Differences in the proportion of acetic, butyric and valeric acid due to cellulose supplementation of the control ration were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The whey and the bran-supplemented rations gave statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) for the proportions of fecal valeric, propionic or acetic acid. The proportions of fecal VFA appeared to be relatively unaffected by the age and/or weight of pigs from weaning to market weight.

Optimalisasi Penggunaan Level Sabun Kalsium Minyak Kedelai dalam Ransum Terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi, Populasi Mikroba dan Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Cairan Rumen Sapi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ali Bain ◽  
Komang G. Wiryawan ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Chairrusyuhur Arman ◽  
Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi optimalisasi penggunaan level sabun kalsium yang berbeda dalam ransum secara in vitro terhadap karakteristik fermentasi, populasi mikroba dan kecernaan nutrien ransum, menggunakan sumber inokulum cairan rumen sapi Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 jenis perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan.  Ransum penelitian terdiri atas : R1, 40% rumput lapang (RL) + 60% konsentrat (K), R2 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandungn 2.5% SCa-kedelai), R3 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 5% SCa-kedelai), R4 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Variabel yang diukur terdiri atas karakteristik fermentasi in vitro (pH, N-NH3, produksi total volatile fatty acids), populasi mikroorganisme (total bakteri dan total protozoa), dan kecernaan nutrien (kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varians  (ANOVA) dan perbedaan antara perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, penambahan SCa-kedelai pada level yang berbeda dalam konsentrat tidak mempengaruhi pH, konsentrasi amonia, populasi mikroba, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik fermentasi tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.002) terhadap produksi total VFA. Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada ransum perlakuan R4 (konsentrat yang mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan R4 dan produksi total VFA paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan ransum R1 (kontrol).  Produksi total VFA  ransum R1 dan R2 dan ransum R2 dan R3 tidak berbeda nyata namun produksi total VFA ransum R3 lebih tinggi dibanding ransum kontrol. Penambahan SCa-kedelai dalam konsentrat menghasilkan produksi total VFA tetinggi namun mulai menekan populasi total bakteri. Mempertimbangkan hasil peubah fermentasi dan populasi mikroba serta biaya pembuatan produk sabun kalsium, SCa-kedelai pada level 5% merupakan level penggunaan SCa-kedelai yang terbaik dalam ransum.Kata kunci: sabun kalsium, fermentasi, in vitro, kecernaanABSTRACTThe study to evaluate the optimalization the different level of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) in ration on in vitro fermentation using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 different ration treatments and 3 replicates. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 : 40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 2.5% soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean), and R3 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean and R4 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 7.5% CaS-soybean). Variables measured were fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids), microbial population (total bacteria and total protozoa), and nutrient digestibility (dry matter and organic matter digestibility). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study  showed that the four different level of CaS-soybean in ration did not have any significant effect (P>0,05) on pH, NH3-N, total bacteria, total protozoa, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) the production of total volatile fatty acids.  The highest production of total VFA was obtained from ration R4 (concentrate containing 7.5% CaS-soybean) and the lowest was obtained from treatment R1 (control). There were no significant differences between R1 and  R2, and between R2 and R3 on the total VFA production. However, the total productions of VFA in ration R3 were higher than that of the control ration. The addition of CaS-soybean in the concentrate had increased the total production of VFA, but at the same time, it began pressing the total population of bacteria. Considering the results of the fermentation variables and microbial population as well as the cost of making calcium soap products, CaS-soybean at 5% level was selected as the best level of CaS-soybean in ration.Keywords : calcium soap, fermentation, in vitro, digestibility

Effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Terry ◽  
R. S. Ribeiro ◽  
D. S. Freitas ◽  
G. D. Delarota ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ch4 Production

The present study examined the effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane (CH4) production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design (CRD) using a control (0% T. diversifolia) and three treatment groups with different concentrations (6.9%, 15.2%, 29.2%) of T. diversifolia, which replaced up to 15.2% and 14% dry matter (DM) of fresh sugarcane and concentrates, respectively. Ruminal fluid was obtained from two ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu heifers maintained on a diet consisting of T. diversifolia, fresh sugarcane and 4 kg of concentrates. The inclusion of T. diversifolia had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on cumulative gas production (mL, mL/g incubated DM, mL/g digested DM) or in vitro DM disappearance (%). Carbon dioxide (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and CH4 (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing concentrations of T. diversifolia replacing fresh sugarcane and concentrates. The total volatile fatty acids (mM) and acetate (A) proportion of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 mmol) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing inclusion of T. diversifolia. Butyrate (mmol/100 mmol) increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02), while propionate (P; mmol/100 mmol) decreased quadratically (P < 0.02). The A : P ratio increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with increasing amounts of T. diversifolia in the diet. These results indicated that increasing the amount of Tithonia diversifolia in the substrate DM increased the A : P ratio, which resulted in a six-fold increase of CH4 production when fresh sugarcane and concentrates were replaced at up to 15.2% and 14% (DM basis), respectively.

The use of the in vitro fermentation technique to estimate the digestible energy content of some Egyptian forages I. The in vitro digestion of cellulose as a criterion of energy content

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Naga ◽  
K. el-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Digestible Energy

Twelve digestibility trials were carried out using three adult rams on seven legumes and five nonlegume roughages.In vitro fermentations were carried out over 24 hr. and the percentage cellulose digestion was determined. The whole rumen juice used to inoculate the fermentation tubes was obtained from a sheep with a permanent rumen fistula. Carbon dioxide was bubbled through during the fermentation run, unless otherwise indicated, to ensure anaerobic conditions.The following significant correlations were calculated from the results:In vivo and in vitro cellulose digestion for non-legumes: r = 0·93.In vivo cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes: r = 0·90.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes: r = 0·90.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for non-legumes + alfalfa and cashrangeeg: r = 0·91.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for all forages tested gave a highly significant correlation: r = 0·73.In vitro cellulose digestion and D.E./kg. D.M. for legumes: r = −0·77.Regression equations calculated for non-legumes and for all tested forages, when used for predicting D.E./kg. D.M. gave values which differed from the determined digestible energy by ± 8·70and ± 9·90% respectively. Applying Hershberger's regression equation to the present data, the D.E./kg. D.M. values differed by ± 8·69%.

The in vitro production, by rumen micro-organisms, of volatile fatty acids from cellulose and hemicellulose labelled with 14C

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Bath ◽  
M. J. Head
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
New Technique ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
End Products ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Vitro Production

1. A new technique has been used to study the fermentation of hemicellulose and α-cellulose in vitro. This involved the use of 14C-labelled carbohydrates fermented in the presence of normal herbage material in an artificial rumen.2. A method of growing grass in an atmosphere of 14CO2, its fractionation into hemicellulose and α-cellulose and the analysis of the labelled V.F.A. end-products are described.

The production and absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Experiments are reported in which sheep were given roughage diets or a high concentrate diet and the VFA absorbed from the rumen were estimated by an in vitro fermentation procedure. The VFA absorbed were compared with the digestible and metabolizable energy intakes of the sheep, determined in digestibility trials, for each diet. For a lucerne diet, a straw diet, and the high concentrate diet the proportions of the digested energy absorbed as VFA were 33.6, 42.4, and 33.2% respectively. On the lucerne diet, the difference between the mean molar proportions of the VFA absorbed and the mean molar proportions of the VFA in the rumen approached significance for acetic acid (P < 0.10) and was highly significant for butyric acid (P < 0.01). The differences were not significant for the other diets.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Tylosin on the Composition and Metabolism of Canine Fecal Microbiota

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Carlo Pinna ◽  
Carla Giuditta Vecchiato ◽  
Monica Grandi ◽  
Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi ◽  
Claudio Stefanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Set Up

The present study investigated the in vitro effects of tylosin (TYL), alone or associated with prebiotics (PRE), on selected canine fecal parameters. Eight treatments were set up: control diet with no addition of substrates; TYL; Fructooligosaccharides (FOS); Galactooligosaccharides (GOS); Xylooligosaccharides (XOS); TYL + FOS; TYL + GOS; TYL + XOS. The flasks (five for treatment), containing a canine fecal suspension (prepared with the feces of healthy adult dogs) and the residue of an in vitro digested dry dog food, were incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 39 °C. TYL and PRE were added at a concentration of 0.2 and 1 g/L, respectively. Samples were collected after 6 and 24 h for analyses. PRE decreased pH values, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate throughout the incubation; increased lactobacilli, cadaverine, and, tendentiously, total volatile fatty acids after 6 h; increased n-butyrate, putrescine, spermidine, and reduced spermine and E. coli after 24 h. TYL resulted in lower total volatile fatty acids and lactobacilli and higher Clostridium cluster I after 6 h and higher pH values, spermidine, and E. coli throughout the study. When associated with TYL, PRE counteracted some undesirable effects of the antibiotic such as the decrease of lactobacilli and Clostridium cluster XIVa at both 6 and 24 h. In the present study, TYL exhibited inhibitory effects on canine fecal microbiota partially counteracted by PRE supplementation.

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