The effect of supplements of sucrose and of glucose monohydrate on the milk production and live weight of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Broster ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
Valerie J. Broster ◽  
C. C. Balch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

SUMMARYThree experiments on the effects of sugars on milk production and live weight of cows are described. Two experiments each with twelve cows were of latin square design with 5-week periods. The third was a continuous treatment experiment of 11 weeks duration with twenty cows. All the animals were in mid-lactation. Performance on the basal diet of hay and concentrates was compared to that when the basal diet was supplemented with 10·7 Meal digestible energy daily in the form of sucrose or glucose monohydrate or concentrates.Additional concentrates regularly increased milk yield, live-weight gain, solids-not-fat content of the milk, and yields of solids-not-fat and milk fat. Fat content of the milk was not affected.Sucrose had a small beneficial effect on milk yield; the effect of glucose monohydrate on yield was small and indecisive. Sucrose depressed milk fat percentage; the effect of glucose on milk fat percentage varied between experiments. Both sugars increased solids-not-fat content of the milk, solids-not-fat yield, and rate of live-weight gain.Over the longer treatment period in the third experiment milk fat content tended to recover partially for both sugar-supplemented rations. The effects on yield of milk and of milk fat did not alter. The effects on live-weight gain were established more decisively and the final order of the size of the beneficial effect of the supplements was: concentrates, glucose monohydrate, sucrose.At the end of the third experiment rumen, contents from all cows were sampled by stomach tube. The concentrates supplement had no effect on the proportions of volatile fatty acids. Both sugars depressed the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportions of propionic, butyric and valeric acids. In all cases except that of butyric acid, where the reverse occurred, the effect of sucrose was greater than that of glucose monohydrate.

Fatty acid profile of milk from Nordestina donkey breed raised on Caatinga pasture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes Messias ◽  
Susana Paula Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho Bessa ◽  
Marta Suely Madruga ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Commercial Viability

Abstract In this research communication we describe the composition of fatty acids (FA) present in the milk of the Nordestina donkey breed, and how they differ during lactation. Milk samples were taken from 24 multiparous lactating Nordestina donkeys that grazed the Caatinga, comprising 5 animals at each of around 30, 60 and 90 d in milk (DIM) and a further 9 animals ranging from 120 to 180 DIM. The milk fat content was analysed by mid infrared spectroscopy and the FA profile by gas chromatography. The milk fat percentage ranged from 0.45 to 0.61%. The main FA found in milk were 16:0 and 18:1c9. These did not differ among DIM classes and comprised 23% and 25% of total FA. Notably, the α-Linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was the third most abundant FA and differed (P < 0.05) with DIM, being lowest in the 30 and 60 DIM samples (around 10.7% of total FA) and highest in the 60 and 90 DIM classes (around 14.6% of total FA). The low-fat content and the FA profile of the donkey milk gives it potential as a functional ingredient, which could help to preserve the commercial viability of the Nordestina donkey breed.

scholarly journals Triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorus in the diet of growing bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
A Akter ◽  
ZH Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
P Content ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study was conducted to investigate the use of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) as a source of phosphorus in growing cattle. Twelve indigenous growing bull (initial live weight of 150 ± 10 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments, viz. basal diet (T0) containing 0.14% P and basal diet was supplemented with TSP to provide P levels of 0.24 (T1), 0.35 (T2) and 0.45% (T3) respectively. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Significant (P<0.05) differences in dry matter intake (DMI) were observed among the dietary treatments. The DMI (g/d) of animals fed diet having 0.35% P was higher than the diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.01) affected but CP and EE were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the supplementation of P from TSP. The digestibility of CF and NFE was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T2 (0.35% P) compared to diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. Apparent absorption of P was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed on diet containing 0.14% phosphorous (T0) than diets with 0.35 and 0.45% phosphorus and true absorption (g/100g) of P was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the animals fed on diets T0 (0.14% P) than those fed on other diets (T1, T2 and T3. Phosphorus balance was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T1 (4.37 g/d), T2 (5.75 g/d) and T3 (7.09 g/d) compared to diet T0 (2.87 g/d) and highest value was observed on diet T3. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference among the mean values for live weight gain and the highest daily live weight gain was observed for diet T2 (69.44g) compared to the other diets T0, T1 and T3). The average serum P concentration of animals fed on diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of animal fed on diet T0. The results suggested that supplementation of TSP as a source of phosphorus increased total DMI, digestibility of CF, NFE, P retention, P content of blood serum and live weight gain of growing calves. Therefore, supplementation of 0.21% P from TSP may be used in growing cattle ration. Key words: Phosphorus; Triple super phosphate; Growing bull DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9681 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 89-96

Rearing of dairy cattle 3. A note on the use of whole milk for calves fed once daily

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
N. H. Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Substitute

SUMMARYWhole milk was given once daily to three groups each of 18 Friesian heifer calves and concentrates and hay were also available. Calves in one group received 2·4 kg milk/day and in a second 3·0 kg milk/day and in both of these groups individual calves were weaned when their daily intake of concentrates reached 400 g. In the third group the calves received 3·0 kg milk/day and were weaned after 28 days. Concentrate and hay intakes were not significantly affected by the treatments. Mean growth rate over 56 days increased with increasing quantity of whole milk offered but the differences between treatments were not significant. The performance of calves given whole milk was compared with the performance achieved in previous experiments where milk substitute was given. It was estimated that 1 kg whole milk gave the same live-weight gain as 170 g milk-substitute powder. From this estimate price/cost relationships were determined to indicate when whole milk or milk substitute should be fed to calves.

scholarly journals The relative biological potencies of retinyl palmitate and β-carotene for the milk-fed lamb

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Faruque ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Β Carotene

1. Thirty-four cross-bred newborn lambs were used. A high-protein diet (25% protein calories) was supplemented daily with retinyl palmitate (range, 13.75–440 μg/kg live weight 24 h), or with β-carotene (range, 68.5–2200 μg/kg live weight 24 h) for 21 days.2. Live-weight gain was not increased by supplementing the basal diet with either retinyl palmitate or β-carotene.3. The relative weights of β-carotene and retinyl palmitate (expressed as retinol) that were required to produce equivalent concentrations of retinol in the serum varied from 5:1 to 25:1, and for the liver (retinal + retinyl esters, expressed as retinol) the ratio varied from 3:1 to 9:1.

Fattening studies with cross-bred (European×Zebu) bulls: 1. Performance on diets of native hay and concentrate

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. O'Donovan ◽  
A. Gebrewolde ◽  
B. Kebede ◽  
E. S. E. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

SummaryTwo group-feeding and one individual-feeding experiments were made for 112 and 182 days, respectively, with 76 cross-bred and eight Zebu bulls. Simmental, Friesian and Jersey sire breeds were mated to three Ethiopian Zebu breeds, namely Boran, Horro and Barca, while Zebu bulls were included for comparison purposes in Expt 3. The trials were conducted in confinement at Holetta Research Station, located at 2400 m elevation and having a mean maximum temperature range of 18·7–24 °C. In the group-feeding trials (Expts 1 and 2) a common diet was fed, consisting of native hay (30%) molasses (20%) and a concentrate supplement. In the third experiment, two diets containing 30 and 50% native hay were supplemented by concentrate and fed individually to eight Simmental and eight Friesian cross bulls, while eight Zebus served as a control.The average daily gains, feed intake and conversion did not differ markedly between Simmental and Friesian crosses, but lower values were generally found for Jersey crosses. Cross-breds outgained Zebus, consumed more feed and converted it more efficiently to live-weight gain. Performance differences were noted between the Zebu breeds as well as some evidence of sire × dam breed interactions. Significantly higher gains were achieved with the low than with the high roughage diet.

Effects of oestradiol-17β or zeranol with or without trenbolone acetate on live-weight gain, carcass composition and zeranol residues in steers on an 18-month beef system

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
J. R. Southgate ◽  
A. R. Peters ◽  
S. N. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Weight Groups

ABSTRACTA comparison of anabolic treatment regimes was made in 761 autumn-born Friesian steers on 14 farms. Prior to turn-out for grazing at 6 months of age and approximately 180 kg live weight, steers were weighed and divided into three equal-weight groups. Group 1 received silastic implants containing 45 mg oestradiol-17β. Group 2 received 36 mg zeranol and group 3 were untreated controls. All steers were weighed at intervals of approximately 3 months (i.e. mid summer, yarding at autumn, mid winter and pre-slaughter) and group 2 steers received a further 36 mg zeranol at the second, third and fourth weighing. At the third weighing half the cattle in each of the treatment groups 1 and 2 received 300 mg trenbolone acetate. Also at the third weighing, group 3 (controls) were subdivided into three equal-weight groups, the first of which received 45 mg oestradiol-17β and 300 mg trenbolone acetate and the second 36 mg zeranol and 300 mg trenbolone acetate. The third subgroup remained as untreated controls.From 10 farms a 25% sample close to group mean weight at mid winter were slaughtered on the same day and subjectively assessed for subcutaneous fat score and conformation on 15-point scales. The left thin flank was separated into tissues. Samples of lean fat, liver and kidney were analysed for zeranol residues. All implant treatments resulted in higher live-weight gain, heavier slaughter weights and earlier slaughter. Trenbolone increased daily gain only during the first 3 months after treatment. Implanted carcasses were heavier both in the fore- and hindquarter but trenbolone also produced heavier forequarters. Carcasses from treated steers had more subcutaneous fat, less perinephric and retroperitoneal fat and less intermuscular fat in the thin-flank joint. Zeranol residues in implanted steers were not significantly higher than controls except in the kidney, but even these were significantly below accepted tolerance levels.

The effect of daylength on the growth of lambs. 5. Skeletal long photoperiod

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Brinklow ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Long Photoperiod

ABSTRACTFour experiments were carried out, with a total of 98 Suffolk-cross lambs fed at a restricted level, to study the effects of skeletal long photoperiod (7 h light: 10 h dark: 1 h light: 6 h dark) compared with short photoperiod (8 h light: 16 h dark) on growth and blood levels of hormones. The experiments started when the lambs were from 2 to 10 months of age and continued for 9 to 14 weeks.In the first experiment, the weight gains of both females and castrated males were significantly increased by skeletal long photoperiod. Plasma prolactin was increased and cortisol decreased by skeletal long photoperiod.Experiment 2 included females and castrated males; prolactin was stimulated by skeletal long photoperiod and there was a significant positive correlation between live-weight gain and prolactin.The weight gains and carcass characteristics of the female lambs used in the third experiment were not affected by photoperiod. Live-weight gain was negatively related to plasma cortisol.In experiment 4, there were 12 intact males and 12 castrated males. The intact animals grew significantly faster; skeletal long photoperiod caused a depression in testosterone levels in plasma even though it tended to increase live-weight gain.When the data from all four experiments were pooled, it was found that skeletal long photoperiod gave a significant increase in live-weight gain in animals whose pineal gland was intact (40 per photoperiod; 138 v. 113 g/day); there was no effect on gut fill at slaughter and the increase in carcass weight (0·5 kg) was not significant.

Factors affecting food efficiency and body composition of growing ruminants offered straw-based diets: supplementation with lipids with and without protein meal

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. J. van Houtert ◽  
H. B. Perdok ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat Content

ABSTRACTGrowing heifers (experiment 1) and wether lambs (experiments 2 and 3) were offered ammoniated cereal straw with or without a protein meal. The effects of supplementation with long-chain fatty acids (LCFA; as calcium salts of LCFA (CaLCFA) or fat prills) on nutrient utilization were studied.Intake of the basal diet (g/kg live weight) was unaffected by the protein meal, but was often reduced by supplementation with LCFA, especially fat prills. Live-weight gain was increased both by supplementation with protein meal and CaLCFA. Fat prills only increased live-weight gain in the presence of protein meal and depressed live-weight gain in the absence of protein meal. There were small differences between the two sources of LCFA in their apparent effects on rumen fermentation.Supplementation with protein meal increased relative protein content (P < 0·05) and tended to increase water content (P > 0·05) in the wethers in experiment 3 (corrected to equal empty-body weight at slaughter). Of the LCFA, only CaLCFA tended to increase relative body fat content (by proportionately 0·23; (P > 0·05) but decreased relative protein and water content by 0·05 and 0·06 (P < 0·05).Supplementation of straw-based diets with as little as 20 g CaLCFA per kg food dry matter improved live-weight gain and efficiency of nutrient utilization of ruminants, particularly when offered in combination with a protein meal. There appeared to be marked differences in the effects of CaLCFA and fat prills on food intake, productivity and to some extent body composition.

scholarly journals PASTURE FOR YOUNG DAIRY STOCK: II. EFFECT OF PREVIOUS NUTRITIONAL LEVEL AND AGE ON GROWTH OF HOLSTEIN HEIFER CALVES ON PASTURE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Vern Miles ◽  
V. S. Logan ◽  
W. J. Pigden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Nutritional Level ◽  
Treatment Comparisons

Thirty-five Holstein heifer calves were assigned at birth to three ration schedules: moderate m; control c; high h. These three groups were weaned from whole milk during the 2nd, 7th and 9th weeks respectively with m and h calves receiving skim milk to 7 and 16 weeks of age respectively. m and c calves were allowed 4 pounds and h calves up to 6 pounds of meal daily with no limit on hay consumption. Moderate and high rationed calves were further sub-divided into three birth groups and were abruptly switched from the above feeding schedules and placed on pasture without supplementation at 56, 112, and 168 days. Treatment comparisons included live weight gain, withers height and heart girth measurements.High rationed calves made greater growth increases than m or c calves during the barn feeding period. These differences were greater for weight than for heart girth or withers increases. Pastured calves made smaller body gains during the first 28-day pasture period than barn-fed controls. This trend was reversed by the third pasture period with some pastured calves gaining over 2 pounds daily, h calves placed on pasture at 2 months of age made greater body weight gains and appeared to be thriftier than calves previously moderately rationed.

The effect of the addition of large amounts of cod-liver oil to the rations of yearling heifers on their rate of live-weight gain

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Live Weight Gain

1. Groups of twenty-four heifers were used in three experiments lasting 51–98 days. The effect on rate of live-weight gain of the addition of 150 ml. cod-liver oil to the daily ration was studied.2. The same treatments were used in each experiment: a basal diet consisting of hay and concentrates and two experimental diets consisting of the basal diet plus (a) 3 lb. concentrates, (b) 150 ml. (0·30 lb.) cod-liver oil. In one experiment flaked maize was used in the concentrates in place of crushed barley.

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