Studies on mixtures of dwarf sorghum and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. O. Osiru ◽  
R. W. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYAn experiment is described in which the possible yield benefits of mixing dwarf sorghum and beans were examined under intensive farming conditions. A ‘replacement series’ of pure sorghum, two-thirds sorghum/one-third beans, one-third sorghum/twothirds beans and pure beans was used at four plant populations. A high level of nitrogen was applied to the sorghum to eliminate the effects of nitrogen transfer from the beans.Yields of the mixtures were up to 55% higher than could be achieved by growing the crops separately. As with some earlier maize/beans experiments (Willey & Osiru, 1972), it is concluded that these yield increases must have been due to a greater utilization of environmental resources. It is suggested that the main factors which made this possible were probably the different rooting depths of the two crops and their different growth cycles.In agreement with the earlier experiments, mixtures which consisted of two-thirds sorghum/one -third beans gave greatest yield increases at high populations and also had a higher optimum population than the pure stands. However, no such trends were apparent in the mixtures which consisted of one-third sorghum/two-thirds beans.For both species intra-specific competition was greater than inter-specific competition. In contrast to the earlier maize/beans experiments, the relative interspecific competitive abilities of the species changed with change in the initial proportions of species in the mixtures. In the two-thirds sorghum/one-third beans mixtures the sorghum was the more competitive species, whilst in the one-third sorghum/two-thirds beans mixtures the bean was the more competitive species. Also in contrast to the maize/beans experiments, these relative competitive abilities were not affected by change in theoverall plant population pressure.

Studies on mixtures of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
D. S. O. Osiru
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYTwo experiments are described in which the possible yield benefits of mixing maize and beans were examined under intensive farming conditions. A ‘replacement series’ of pure maize, two-thirds maize/one-third beans, one-third maize/two-thirds beans and pure beans was used at four plant populations. A high level of nitrogen was applied on the maize to eliminate the effects of nitrogen transfer from the beans.Yields of the mixtures were up to 38% higher than could be achieved by growing the crops separately. It is concluded that this occurred because the mixtures achieved a greater utilization of environmental resources; it is suggested that, because of the marked height differences of the two crops, an increased utilization of light was probably a major contributing factor. The need for high populations in mixtures is indicated, partly because the largest yield increases were achieved at high populations and partly because the mixtures required a higher population pressure to produce their maximum yield.The maize was found to have the higher relative competitive ability, and this increased with increase in plant population pressure. It is suggested that this was probably due to the shading effect which the maize had on the beans. The effects of a change in relative competitive abilities, or in relative selling prices, on the optimum proportion of two species in a mixture are also considered.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

scholarly journals Testing Todd: family types and development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jerg Gutmann ◽  
Stefan Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Abstract Many years ago, Emmanuel Todd came up with a classification of family types and argued that the historically prevalent family types in a society have important consequences for its economic, political, and social development. Here, we evaluate Todd's most important predictions empirically. Relying on a parsimonious model with exogenous covariates, we find mixed results. On the one hand, authoritarian family types are, in stark contrast to Todd's predictions, associated with increased levels of the rule of law and innovation. On the other hand, and in line with Todd's expectations, communitarian family types are linked to racism, low levels of the rule of law, and late industrialization. Countries in which endogamy is frequently practiced also display an expectedly high level of state fragility and weak civil society organizations.

Effects of Plant Population on Sole-crop Cassava in Sierra Leone

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

SUMMARYEffects of plant population on mean yield and yield components of 2-year sole cassava crops were studied on Njala upland soils of Sierra Leone in two experiments. Increasing plant population of multi-shoot Cocoa cassava over 7000/ha decreased all the parameters studied except top/root weight ratio, which increased. The observed effects were attributed to competition for environmental resources, since area of land/plant unit decreased as plant population increased. The relations between plant populations and yields of fresh root and cortex dry matter were asymptotic, indicating that the respective yields were products of the vegetative phase of cropping.

scholarly journals The S66 Non-Covalent Interactions Benchmark Reconsidered Using Explicitly Correlated Methods Near the Basis Set Limit

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Kesharwani ◽  
Amir Karton ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Jan M. L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Explicitly Correlated ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Explicitly Correlated Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Covalent Interactions

The S66 benchmark for non-covalent interactions has been re-evaluated using explicitly correlated methods with basis sets near the one-particle basis set limit. It is found that post-MP2 ‘high-level corrections’ are treated adequately well using a combination of CCSD(F12*) with (aug-)cc-pVTZ-F12 basis sets on the one hand, and (T) extrapolated from conventional CCSD(T)/heavy-aug-cc-pV{D,T}Z on the other hand. Implications for earlier benchmarks on the larger S66×8 problem set in particular, and for accurate calculations on non-covalent interactions in general, are discussed. At a slight cost in accuracy, (T) can be considerably accelerated by using sano-V{D,T}Z+ basis sets, whereas half-counterpoise CCSD(F12*)(T)/cc-pVDZ-F12 offers the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost.

scholarly journals Using Supermarket Loyalty Card Data to Provide Personalised Advice to Help Reduce Saturated Fat Intake among Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: A Qualitative Study of Participants’ Experiences

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Charlotte L. Lee ◽  
Paul N. Aveyard ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Carmen Piernas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Brief Advice ◽  
Loyalty Card

Background: The ‘Primary Care SHOPping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention’ (PCSHOP) trial tested the effectiveness and feasibility of a behavioural intervention to reduce saturated fat in food purchases. The intervention offered feedback from data collected through a supermarket loyalty card to supplement brief advice from a nurse. This qualitative study aimed to describe participants’ experiences of receiving this intervention. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, one-to-one, telephone interviews with participants from the PCSHOP trial. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We employed the one sheet of paper technique and a thematic analysis to develop high-level themes in NVivo software. Results: Twenty-four participants were interviewed (mean age: 63 years (SD 12)). They reported that the brief advice did not provide any new information but they welcomed the sense of accountability the nurse provided. The personalised shopping feedback and healthier swap suggestions provided novel information that challenged previously held beliefs about the saturated fat content of food purchases and encouraged some positive dietary changes. However, the taste preferences of the participant or other household members were a barrier to changing food shopping behaviours. Conclusion: Harnessing loyalty card data is a novel and acceptable method to offering personalised dietary feedback. Yet, issues on the suitability of the healthier swap suggestions limited the extent of dietary change. Trial registration: ISRCTN14279335. Registered 1 September 2017.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY DEVELOPMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
А.Е. Малибаева ◽  
Б.К. Кайрат ◽  
А.И. Нуфтиева ◽  
Л.Б. Умбетьярова ◽  
М.С. Кулбаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

В современных стрессовых и негативных внешних экологических условиях растет число неуверенных в себе, эмоционально неустойчивых тревожных детей. В работах А.И.Захаровой, Н.В.Имеладзе, Л.М. Прихожановой говорится, что когда человек постоянно волнуется - возникает паника. Согласно анализу исследований многих авторов, детская тревога, с одной стороны, имеет психодинкамическую природу, с другой-является результатом социализации. По мнению психологов, у учащихся наблюдается высокий уровень тревожности в процессе обучения. В результате изучения данной проблемы установлено, что уровень тревожности и успеваемость ребенка тесно взаимосвязаны. Процесс приобщения детей, пришедших в школу, к процессу обучения тесно связан с процессом паники . In the current stressful and negative external environmental conditions, the number of insecure, emotionally unstable children with anxiety is growing. In the works of A.I. Zakharova, N.V. Imeladze, L.M. Prikhozhan, it is said that when a person is constantly agitated, panic occurs. According to the analysis of the research of many authors, child anxiety, on the one hand, has a psychodynamic nature, and on the other-is the result of socialization. According to psychologists, there is a high level of anxiety in students ' learning process. As a result of the study of this problem, it was found that the level of anxiety and the child's academic performance are closely related. The process of adaptation of children to the learning process is closely related to the panic process. However, the level of anxiety in lower-class students affects the learning process and learning outcomes.

STUDI KRITIS JUAL BELI DEKORASI UANG MASKAWIN

Al-MAJAALIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arifin Badri
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

This study aims to examine the laws of dowry money decoration that are common in the community. The innovation and soul of art that is channeled through décor of dowry money is proven to produce beautiful and unique works, so as to attract the attention and interest of the wider community. However, because to produce beautiful and unique works, a high level of creativity is needed, so not everyone can do it. On the one hand, this phenomenon opens up quite good business opportunities, but on the other hand, it should be watched out, because in some conditions it contains the practice of buying and selling currencies with nominal differences. Through this study, I would like to uncover the law of buying and selling practices decorating dowry money and decorating services. As I also intend to present an applicative solution for the community so that they can still channel their artistic talents without violating Shari’ah law.

TO THE DYNAMICS OF THE NEED FOR STUDENTS' COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY COMPONENT AT THE PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY OF VSMU

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
A. L. Tserkovskiy ◽  
◽  
O. I. Gapova ◽  
E. A. Skorikova ◽  
S. A. Petrovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Psychological Service ◽  
Activity Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this research is to study the need for the students' communication activity component at the Pharmaceutical faculty of VSMU. Dual feature of the levels indicators dynamics in the need for communication is revealed. On the one hand, there is a tendency to reduce the average level in the need for communication and to increase its high level at the expense of girls. On the other hand, there is a fairly significant increase in the average level in the need for communication among young men against the background of an obvious predominance of the average level in the need for communication among the students of the entire sampling. The study allows us to state obvious influence of the informational educational environment at VSMU on the personal growth of students at the Pharmaceutical faculty, on the formation of their communicative competence as the most important component of the professional competence of future pharmacists. The results of the study can be used in the educational process of VSMU, in the activities of the social and pedagogical and psychological service, in the work of educators in academic groups and for tutors.

The Effect of Remote Work on the Successful Development of Engineering Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4345-4356
Author(s):  
Anna Evgenievna Gorokhova ◽  
Elman Said-Mokhmadovich Akhyadov ◽  
Andrey Nikolaevich Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the present study is to identify the main advantages and problems of remote work for both employers and employees, and possible ways to solve them. The article shows a significant number of studies dealt with non-standard forms of labor organization, clarifies the essence of remote work, and examines the main aspects for its effective organization. The main advantages and problems of remote work for employers and employees, as well as possible ways to solve them, are identified based on an expert survey involving 36 experts. According to the conducted study, it can be concluded that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and adverse epidemiological conditions contribute to the spread of remote work worldwide. This phenomenon has two aspects. On the one hand, remote work, firstly, reduces the unemployment rate and improves the image of the company; secondly, offers flexible working hours; thirdly, protects/retains customers and saves time/transport costs. On the other hand, remote work is associated with the difficulty in maintaining efficiency and teamwork at a high level; secondly, it restricts communication, makes it impossible to perform certain tasks at home; and thirdly, remote work leads to insufficient physical activity, causes difficulties with integration into the corporate culture, etc.

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