Soil characteristics and nutrient indexing of vineyards in Punjab, India

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-594
Author(s):  
C. L. Arora ◽  
H. S. Hundal ◽  
P. N. Takkar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Fe And Mn

SUMMARYA survey of 46 vineyards was conducted to determine whether some nutritional disorder was the cause of declining yields. The surface soils, in general, are alkaline, calcareous, medium to high in organic matter, light in texture and sufficient in available micronutrients except B. Petiole analysis indicated a deficiency of Zn, Fe, Mn, B and Cu in 70, 52, 37, 20 and 13% as well as an excess of P and K in 35 and 93% of the vineyards respectively.Significant negative correlations of P with Fe and Mn and that of K with Zn showed that the lack of Fe, Mn and Zn might have been induced by excessive application of P and K fertilizers. Poor correlations between the DTPA-soluble concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and B in the soils and those in the petioles suggested the nutrient status of surface soils to be of little value in the nutrition of grape vines or that the petiole may not be the best tissue for this purpose.

Effect of soil properties and nutrient status on Eucalyptus tereticornis based agroforestry system in India.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
K. K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Natural Substance

Abstract Here an investigation regarding soil characteristics under Eucalyptus tereticornis agroforestry at two depths (up to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm), was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2019. Samples were gathered at a distance of 5, 10, 15, and 20 m from the E. tereticornis plantation. We analyzed the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), natural substance (OM), P, K and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn). With an alkaline pH, the organic matter was deficient in both depths. In micronutrients, Zn was inadequate at both depths, Cu was marginal at up to 30 cm, Fe was deficient at both depths; Mn was inadequate at up to 30 cm thirty cm as well as marginal at 60 cm depth.

Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 2178-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Neff ◽  
J W Harden ◽  
G Gleixner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m2 less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin- and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon.

scholarly journals Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) in Slovenian caves

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Loris Galli ◽  
Franc Janžekovič ◽  
Peter Kozel ◽  
Tone Novak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Small Class ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Scarce Data

Protura is a small class of Hexapoda, generally poorly known, and rather scarce data on its occurrence in caves are scattered throughout literature on fauna in caves and in some papers on Protura. Although the cave-dwelling fauna is relatively well studied in Slovenia, published records on Protura are rare. In this paper, data on the occurrence and abundance of Protura in Slovenian caves are considered. Various statistical analyses were performed to compare caves with Protura to those without in 60 intensively monitored cavities to detect any differences in the selected environmental conditions. No significant difference was obtained. Samples collected from 15 caves yielded 286 specimens identified to genus or species level. Ten species were identified: Acerentulus confinis (Berlese, 1908), A. rafalskii Szeptycki, 1979*, Acerentomon affine Bagnall, 1912*, A. balcanicum Ionesco, 1933*, A. italicum Nosek, 1969, A. maius Berlese, 1908*, A. meridionale Nosek, 1960, Acerella muscorum (Ionesco, 1930)*, Eosentomon armatum Stach, 1926*, and E. transitorium Berlese, 1908*. The seven species marked with an asterisk are new records for Slovenia. Two specimens belonging to an unidentified species of the genus Ionescuellum Tuxen, 1960 were also found. As expected, Protura were most abundant at the cave entrance close to the surface, and none of the species were found exclusively in cavities. This suggests that proturans were introduced passively into the cavities via organic matter and surface soils.

scholarly journals Above and Belowground Growth of Corymbia maculata in a Constructed Soil: The Effect of Profile Design and Organic Amendment

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Peter May ◽  
Robert White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Profile Design

Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), a common street tree in southern Australian cities, was used to assess growth responses to variations in profile design and organic amendment of constructed soils. Aboveground growth responses were total stem dry weight and foliar nutrient content. The belowground response was root length density. Soil profiles were constructed of sand, amended with either coir fiber, composted biosolids or composted green waste, at rates of 0, 5, 10 or 20% by volume. The profiles were either layered, with a 150 mm (6 in) organic-amended surface layer, or uniform, with amendment of the entire profile. A single fertilizer treatment was applied to all profiles. Shoot dry weight was only affected by organic matter type with the greatest growth in sand amended with composted biosolids. Foliage P and K content were affected by amendment but foliage N was not. Profile design affected root length density and distribution. Trees in uniform profiles had greater root length density, and a more uniform distribution of roots, especially with compost amendments. Above- and belowground growth increases are thought to be due to increased nutrient status resulting from organic matter mineralization.

scholarly journals CO2 Flux and C Balance due to the Replacement of Bare Soil with Agro-Ecological Service Crops in Mediterranean Environment

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Radicetti ◽  
O. Osipitan ◽  
Ali Langeroodi ◽  
Sara Marinari ◽  
Roberto Mancinelli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Soil Co2 Emissions

Intensive agriculture practices often results in decomposition of organic matter, thus causing soil CO2 emissions. Agro-ecological service crop could be profitably cultivated to improve soil characteristics and reduce CO2 emissions under Mediterranean environment. Two-year field trials were conducted in central Italy. The treatments were three agro-ecological service crops (hairy vetch, oat, and oilseed rape) and a no-service cover. Plant development, soil characteristics, and CO2 emissions were measured. Oat and oilseed rape showed a rapid growth, while hairy vetch started to grow rapidly only after the cold period. Soil CO2 emissions trend was similar among the agro-ecological service crops and tended to decrease during the cold period, then gradually increased until April when warm temperatures were observed. The high soil CO2 emissions and respiration index observed in hairy vetch probably stimulated mineral nutrients, especially nitrogen, to become more available in the soil compared to oat and oilseed rape throughout the decomposition of soil organic matter. These results confirmed that the cultivation of agro-ecological service crops, especially hairy vetch, could represent a suitable strategy for enhancing carbon sequestration and lead to a mitigation of CO2 emissions during the fallow period and could thus contribute to the climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Carbon and Metal(loid)s in Parkland and Road Verge Surface Soils in the City of Liverpool, UK

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Beesley ◽  
Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez ◽  
Phil Jenn ◽  
Nicholas W. Lepp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
C Storage ◽  
The City

Urban soils are at the interface between land and people and provide a wide variety of important ecosystem services to highly populous areas. The aims of this soil survey were (1) to measure the bulk density, carbon (C) storage and pH of surface soils (0–15 cm depth) from public spaces (parks and road verges) in the city of Liverpool, UK, and (2) to determine the likely impact of these master variables on heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). The bulk densities and organic matter contents varied considerably in the predominantly sandy textured soils within the city boundary, resulting in diverse C densities from 1–10 kg C m2. Organic carbon formed the majority of the labile, water-soluble and extractable C pool in these soils, a fact not easily elucidated from their organic matter or C content alone. The copper and lead concentrations in the sampled soils were correlated with organic matter and organic carbon in water-extracts. Cadmium and zinc appeared to be dependent only on soil pH, whilst arsenic was related positively to organic matter, but negatively to pH. Interrelationships, and hence synonymous distributions, of all metal(loid)s existed, but were strongest between Cu and As, and Cu and Pb. These results suggest that the diverse bulk densities, and hence carbon storage, of the urban soils surveyed influenced the dispersal of metals and arsenic.

Assessment and Mapping soil fertility status of Potato Super Zone, Kavrepalanchowk

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
S. P. Vista ◽  
T. B. Ghimire ◽  
T. S. Rai ◽  
B. S. Kutu ◽  
B. K. Karna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertility Status

Potato is a staple food crop in high hills and mountains and a major vegetable throughout the country and one of the most important cash generating crops in Nepal. With the efforts undertaken by research and extension sectors, its productivity has significantly increased in last twenty years. However, this is not sufficient for increasing population of the country. Considering its potentiality for income, employment, industrial products, export and processing, appropriate technologies are urgent.Soil fertility evaluation is the most basic decision making tool for the sustainable soil nutrient management. Soil fertility studies and mapping is an effective way to diagnose soil status and recommend as per the need of the nutrient to particular crop in the area. This research aims to assess and prepare soil nutrient map of potato super zone, Kavrepalanchowk in Nepal. The specific objectives of the research were to assess soil texture, pH and organic matter status and simultaneously prepare soil fertility map of the potato super zone. A total of 202 soil samples were collected and nutrients were analyzed using standard procedure in the soil laboratory. Composite soil samples were collected from 6 to 10 different spots of the area at 0-20 cm depth by using soil auger. The GPS location of each soil sampling point was noted. The soil sampling point of each zone was determined by studying various aspects (area, slope, colour, texture, etc.) of the study area. Based on the nutrient status, nutrient maps were prepared and presented. Soil fertility maps were prepared by observing the critical nutrients required for the specific crops and by giving those nutrients certain ranking based on the nutrients role for the crop. The soil of Potato super zone was mostly found to be silty loam, moderately acidic (pH 5.9), medium in organic matter content (2.67%) and total nitrogen (0.13%), high in available phosphorus content (56 kg/ha) and available potassium (356kg/ha). There is also sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam types of soil in the area. Soil fertility maps were prepared by setting criteria based on nutrient status that were tested in the laboratory and on the basis of nutrients that are critical for each crops of the super zones. Vegetable super zone soil was found having medium (50%) and high (30%) fertility status. Based on the soil analysis report, it could be concluded that the soils of potato super zone is fair enough for cultivating potato crop at the moment.

Metal contamination of natural surface soils from long-range atmospheric transport: Existing and missing knowledge

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiliv Steinnes ◽  
Andrew J Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

This review focuses on the long-range atmospheric transport of metals to organic-rich surface soils (mostly 50–90% organic matter) in the temperate, coniferous, and boreal zones of North America and Europe. From various air-pollution related measurements (air, precipitation, moss, peat cores) Pb and Zn are known to be transported long distances in the air in large amounts. Arsenic, Cd, Hg, Sb, and Se are also typical representatives of long-range transported air masses, and there is evidence that Ag, Bi, In, Mo, Tl, and W belong to this group of elements. Through the use of “environmental archives” such as ice and peat cores it has become evident that long-range transport of pollutants and associated contamination of natural surfaces is not just a recent phenomenon. There is compelling evidence for widespread enrichment of surface soil horizons in Pb from long-range transport, and many studies support enrichment of Zn. Mercury is also generally elevated by anthropogenic emissions over natural levels in organic-rich surface soils, whereas results for Cd are less conclusive. There is evidence that As, Se, Ag, Mo, In, Sb, W, Tl, and Bi all are subject to some enrichment in organic-rich surface soils from long-range atmospheric transport, but studies are still few for most of these elements. With the exception of Pb, little is known about residence times of the elements in the organic-rich surface horizon, and more research is needed on this topic. Further studies are desirable on the temporal and spatial trends in supply of the above elements, which are poorly known in large parts of the northern temperate zone.Key words: natural soils, metals, long-range atmospheric transport, organic matter, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury.

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