Chewing behaviour of hay-fed cows given supplements of whole barley and oat grains

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morgan ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Whole Grains ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Chewing Behaviour

SUMMARYFour hay-fed cows were used to study the effects on chewing behaviour of daily supplements of 3 kg whole barley grains, 3 kg whole oat grains or 2·2 kg rolled oats. Both whole grains increased the total time spent chewing by a similar small extent, probably due to a direct physical effect of the grain. The quantity of whole oat grains voided in faeces was lower than that of barley and it is concluded that the quality of chewing is more important than duration in breaking grains and ensuring their subsequent digestion.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Undergraduate Student Meals in an All-You-Care-to-Eat Campus Dining Facility (P04-156-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Olson ◽  
Katie Vieyra ◽  
Alexandra Polasky ◽  
Amy Best ◽  
Lois Durant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Research Award ◽  
George Mason University ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Objectives To assess the overall nutritional quality of meals chosen by undergraduate students during weekday lunches at campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls. Methods A previously validated exit survey was used to collect self-reported data from undergraduate students on foods and beverages they consumed during a single visit to two all-you-care-to-eat dining halls on the George Mason University Fairfax campus, during 4 weeks. (n = 468) Nutritional quality of each meal was evaluated on a 7-point rubric, according to the ‘Wellness Meal’ standards from the Partnership for a Healthier America: ≤700 kilocalories, ≤10% calories from saturated fat, ≤800 mg sodium, ≥2 ounces whole grains, ≥1 cup lowfat dairy, ≥ 1.75 cups fruits and vegetables, and ≥ 2 ounces lean protein. Results Of the maximum score of 7 on the meal nutritional quality rubric, 4 participants earned the highest score of 5, whereas 43, 150, 132, 88, and 51 participants had scores of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively. The most commonly attained rubric standard was saturated fat, where 60% of participants consumed ≤ 10% calories from saturated fat and average consumption was 9.1% (± 5.4%) of calories. The least achieved rubric category was lowfat dairy, where only 2% of students consumed 1 cup equivalent, followed by only 9% of participants having consumed the 2 ounce equivalent of whole grains. Approximately one-third of students met calorie, lean protein, sodium, and fruit/vegetable standards. Conclusions Despite a wide variety of food options in the campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls during the lunch hours, most undergraduate students consumed meals of subpar nutritional quality, with the vast majority meeting fewer than half the categories on the meal nutritional quality rubric. All-you-care-to-eat university dining halls may be a prime location for nutrition education and interventions. Funding Sources This research was funded by the George Mason University Provost's Multidisciplinary Research Award.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Their Mycotoxins in Brewing Barley Grains

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Piacentini ◽  
Liliana Rocha ◽  
Geovana Savi ◽  
Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz ◽  
Livia De Carvalho Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Barley Grains

Fusarium species threaten yield and quality of cereals worldwide due to their ability to produce mycotoxins and cause plant diseases. Trichothecenes and zearalenone are the most economically significant mycotoxins and are of particular concern in barley, maize and wheat. For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the Fusarium isolates from brewing barley and to assess deoxynivalenol and zearalenone contamination in grains. Characterization of the Fusarium strains was carried out by the phylogeny based on two loci (EF-1α and RPB2). Mycotoxin detection and quantification were performed by LC-MS. The results show that Fusarium was the predominant genus. Phylogenetic study demonstrated that the majority of the strains clustered within the Fusarium sambucinum species complex followed by the Fusarium tricinctum species complex. The results revealed high incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) contamination (90.6% and 87.5%, respectively). It was observed that 86% of the samples contaminated with ZEA were above the limits set by the EU and Brazilian regulations. These results may highlight the importance of controlling Fusarium toxins in barley, mainly because of its use in the brewing industry and the resistance of various mycotoxins to food processing treatments.

Discrimination of the quality of Brazilian wheat genotypes and their use as whole-grains in human nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 126074
Author(s):  
Miriã Miranda da Silveira ◽  
Caroline Lambrecht Dittgen ◽  
Cristian de Souza Batista ◽  
Bárbara Biduski ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gutkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Grains ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index: Assessment of the Diet Quality of a Brazilian Elderly Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863881881884
Author(s):  
Dalila Pinto de Souza Fernandes ◽  
Maria Sônia Lopes Duarte ◽  
Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽  
Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Quality

Background: The food consumption assessment is necessary to monitor elderly’s nutritional status because it allows detecting nutrition deficits and guiding the elaboration of effective conducts. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the global quality of the elderly’s diet in Viçosa—MG, Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, involving noninstitutionalized elderly. Diet quality was assessed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) validated to the Brazilian population. Results: The study comprised 620 elderly individuals. The mean total BHEI-R score was 64.28. The worse consumption scores concerned the components Whole grains, Milk and derivatives, Sodium, Total fruit, and Whole fruit. Approximately 82% scored zero (0%) for Whole grains and 67% for Sodium. Men presented significantly lower scores than women, who have presented maximal score in the same items. Women’s scores were not only significantly higher for Total fruit, Whole fruit, Milk and derivatives, but also significantly lower for Saturated fat. Discussion: Most elderly need to improve their diet quality. Strategies heading toward the improvement of diet quality must be priority in policies to health promotion toward the healthy and active aging.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of foods and beverages on child-care centre menus in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E Benjamin Neelon ◽  
Hortensia Reyes-Morales ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
Matthew W Gillman ◽  
Elsie M Taveras
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Child Care Centre ◽  
Food Category

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to assess the nutritional quality of foods and beverages listed on menus serving children in government-sponsored child-care centres throughout Mexico.DesignFor this cross-sectional menu assessment, we compared (i) food groups and portion sizes of foods and beverages on the menus with MyPlate recommendations and (ii) macronutrients, sugar and fibre with Daily Reference Intake standards.SettingMenus reflected foods and beverages served to children attending one of 142 government-sponsored child-care centres throughout Mexico.SubjectsThere were fifty-four distinct menus for children aged 4–6 months, 7–9 months, 10–12 months, 13–23 months, 24–47 months and 48–72 months.ResultsMenus included a variety of foods meeting minimum MyPlate recommendations for each food category except whole grains for children aged 48–72 months. Menus listed excessive amounts of high-energy beverages, including full-fat milk, fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverages for children of all ages. The mean daily energy content of menu items yielded an average of 2·76 MJ for infants, 4·77 MJ for children aged 13–23 months, 5·36 MJ for children aged 24–47 months and 5·87 MJ for children aged 48–72 months. Foods and beverages on menus provided sufficient grams of carbohydrate and fat, but excessive protein.ConclusionsMenus provided a variety of foods but excessive energy. Whole grains were limited, and high-energy beverages were prevalent. Both may be appropriate targets for nutrition intervention. Future studies should move beyond menus and assess what children actually consume in child care.

scholarly journals The role of city public transport in creating the mobility of its residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Henryk Komsta ◽  
Paweł Droździel ◽  
Marek Opielak
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Urban Mobility

The article discusses the place and role of public transport in creating the mobility of city dwellers. Attention has been paid to the fact of underestimating the role of public transport in many rankings in the urban mobility. Indicators used in the rankings to a small extent related to the assessment of the quality of operation of public transport from the passenger-user position. There is no such as availability and location of the stops or degree of facilitation of travel by the elderly or the limited efficiency.

scholarly journals Association of Diet, Quality of Life and Premenstrual Syndrome; A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Quratulain Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Behavioral Characteristic ◽  
Cultural Effects

Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder experienced by the females of reproductive ages. The etiology of this common condition is unknown. The presentation of symptoms is highly variable all over the world. The variability in the presentation of symptoms could be linked to social and cultural effects of environment. There can be psychological, physical or behavioral characteristic manifestations linked to premenstrual syndrome. The presentation of premenstrual syndrome can effect a female’s life. Household chores, work place tasks and interpersonal relationships are effected gravely. Dietary intake of the individuals is associated with the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Intake of diet loaded with whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, micronutrients like vitamin B1, D and E have shown to have protective effects against the development and severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Intake of harmful food items like refined sugar, fast food, sweetened drinks, alcohol and chocolates are associated with increase in severity of the condition.

scholarly journals Diet patterns of Moscow residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Yurgita R. Varaeva ◽  
Luiza Pavlic ◽  
Aramais A. Khachatrian ◽  
Elena V. Kirasirova ◽  
Elena N. Livantsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Moscow Population

Background. Nutrition plays an important role in NCDs risk reduction, growth of the population life expectancy and quality of life. A number of factors influence the diet, including the region of living. Purpose. To analyze the diet patterns of Moscow residents. Materials and Methods. Questioning of 111 Moscow residents: 89 women and 22 men, aged 18 to 80 years with a median BMI of 26.9 kg/m2. Results. 67.4 % of respondents were committed to healthy, optimal nutrition. Full breakfast was noted by 63 %. Analyzing product groups: bread was included in the diet by 87 % of the responders; pastries and sweet products – 72 %; whole grains – 17 %; dairy products – 26 %; fruits and vegetables – 63−67 %; fish – 49 %; meat – 33 %; alcohol – 50 %. Conclusion. The study showed that a third of the Moscow population has an inappropriate diet. Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, dairy products, cereals and whole-grain products is noted. That type of diet is associated with a risk of non-communicable diseases. In addition, a low commitment to regular physical activity is also established.

scholarly journals Qualidade física de grãos beneficiados de cultivares de arroz produzidos em diferentes níveis de adubação

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Amanda Müller ◽  
Paulo Carteri Coradi ◽  
Jonatas Ibagé Steinhaus ◽  
Guilherme Abreu Coelho de Souza ◽  
Letícia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Grains ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Physical Classification ◽  
Different Levels

Rice is one of the most cultivated cereals in the world and the increase in crop yield is associated with cultivars and levels of soil fertilization, and may suffer changes in grain quality after processing. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical quality of grains of rice benefited as polished and integral of cultivars IR 424 RI and IR 431 CL as a function of different levels of fertilization. After the harvest, the grains were subjected to the debarking and polishing processes. Quality analysis was performed according to the physical classification of rice. The cultivar IR 424 RI obtained higher values of yellow, burned and plastered grains, and in the cultivar IR 431 LC more broken, chopped and stained grains were observed. The average yield of polished rice of cultivar IR 431 CL was 44.54% and cultivar IR 424 RI was 56.80%. Meanwhile, the average yield of whole rice of cultivar IR 431 CL was 65.02% and cultivar IR 424 RI was 73.08%. The increase in the fertilization levels of the rice influenced positively on the yield of whole grains, but did not present satisfactory results regarding the physical quality.

scholarly journals The GReat-Child TrialTM: A Quasi-Experimental Dietary Intervention among Overweight and Obese Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
Hui Chin Koo ◽  
Bee Koon Poh ◽  
Ruzita Abd. Talib
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Diet composition is a key determinant of childhood obesity. While whole grains and micronutrients are known to decrease the risk of obesity, there are no interventions originating from Southeast Asia that emphasize whole grain as a strategy to improve overall quality of diet in combating childhood obesity. The GReat-Child Trial aimed to improve whole grain intake and quality of diet among overweight and obese children. It is a quasi-experimental intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory. It has a 12-week intervention and 6-month follow-up, consisting of three components that address environmental, personal, and behavioral factors. The intervention consists of: (1) six 30 min lessons on nutrition, using the Malaysian Food Pyramid to emphasize healthy eating, (2) daily deliveries of wholegrain foods to schools so that children can experience and accept wholegrain foods, and (3) diet counseling to parents to increase availability of wholegrain foods at home. Two primary schools with similar demographics in Kuala Lumpur were assigned as control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children aged 9 to 11 years who were overweight/obese; (2) who did not consume whole grain foods; and (3) who had no serious co-morbidity problems. The entire trial was completed by 63 children (31 IG; 32 CG). Study outcomes were measured at baseline and at two time points post intervention (at the 3rd [T1] and 9th [T2] months). IG demonstrated significantly higher intakes of whole grain (mean difference = 9.94, 95%CI: 7.13, 12.75, p < 0.001), fiber (mean difference = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.40, 4.73, p = 0.001), calcium (mean difference = 130.27, 95%CI: 74.15, 186.39, p < 0.001), thiamin (mean difference = 58.71, 95%CI: 26.15, 91.28, p = 0.001), riboflavin (mean difference = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.37, 1.32, p = 0.001), niacin (mean difference = 0.35, 95%CI: 1.91, 5.16, p < 0.001), and vitamin C (mean difference = 58.71, 95%CI: 26.15, 91.28, p = 0.001) compared to CG in T1, after adjusting for covariates. However, T1 results were not sustained in T2 when intervention had been discontinued. The findings indicate that intervention emphasizing whole grains improved overall short-term but not long-term dietary intake among schoolchildren. We hope the present trial will lead to adoption of policies to increase whole grain consumption among Malaysian schoolchildren.

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