The comparative digestive powers of zebu and high-grade European cattle

1940 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Grade ◽  
East African ◽  
European Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
European Cattle

1. With three different groups, each of two zebu and two zebu × Ayrshire grade oxen, and ten typical East African feeding stuffs, no significant difference was found between the average digestibility coefficients recorded with the zebu and the grade oxen.2. The slight differences in feeding values were also of no practical significance.3. Some of the zebu × Ayrshire cattle were 3/4 and others 7/8 Ayrshire but the higher grading to the European breed apparently did not affect the digestive powers.

scholarly journals A descriptive analysis of end-of-life discussions for high-grade glioma patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Chikada ◽  
Sayaka Takenouchi ◽  
Yoshiki Arakawa ◽  
Kazuko Nin
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Patient Participation ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patient Goals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eol Care

Abstract Background End-of-life discussions (EOLDs) in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) have not been well described. Therefore, this study examined the appropriateness of timing and the extent of patient involvement in EOLDs and their impact on HGG patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 105 bereaved families of HGG patients at a university hospital in Japan between July and August 2019. Fisher’s exact test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to assess the association between patient participation in EOLDs and their outcomes. Results In total, 77 questionnaires were returned (response rate 73%), of which 20 respondents replied with refusal documents. Overall, 31/57 (54%) participated in EOLDs at least once in acute hospital settings, and a significant difference was observed between participating and nonparticipating groups in communicating the patient’s wishes for EOL care to the family (48% vs 8%, P = .001). Moreover, >80% of respondents indicated that the initiation of EOLDs during the early diagnosis period with patients and families was appropriate. Most EOLDs were provided by neurosurgeons (96%), and other health care providers rarely participated. Additionally, patient goals and priorities were discussed in only 28% of the EOLDs. Patient participation in EOLDs was not associated with the quality of EOL care and a good death. Conclusions Although participation in EOLDs is relatively challenging for HGG patients, this study showed that participation in EOLDs may enable patients to express their wishes regarding EOL care. It is important to initiate EOLDs early on through an interdisciplinary team approach while respecting patient goals and priorities.

Tectonometamorphic evolution and U–Pb dating of the high-grade Hammar Domain (Southern Ethiopian Shield); implications for the East-African Orogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 361 ◽  
pp. 106270
Author(s):  
Kryštof Verner ◽  
David Buriánek ◽  
Martin Svojtka ◽  
Vít Peřestý ◽  
Leta Megerssa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Grade ◽  
East African

scholarly journals Multi-Year NDVI Values as Indicator of the Relationship between Spatiotemporal Vegetation Dynamics and Environmental Factors in the Qaidam Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Junpeng Lou ◽  
Guoyin Xu ◽  
Zhongjing Wang ◽  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Sanchuan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Altitudes

The Qaidam Basin is a unique and complex ecosystem, wherein elevation gradients lead to high spatial heterogeneity in vegetation dynamics and responses to environmental factors. Based on the remote sensing data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation dynamics and responses to precipitation, accumulative temperature (AT) and soil moisture (SM) in the Qaidam Basin from 2001 to 2016. Moreover, the contribution of those factors to vegetation dynamics at different altitudes was analyzed via an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results indicated that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in the growing season showed an overall upward trend, with an increased rate of 0.001/year. The values of NDVI in low-altitude areas were higher than that in high-altitude areas, and the peak values of NDVI appeared along the elevation gradient at 4400–4600 m. Thanks to the use of ANN, we were able to detect the relative contribution of various environmental factors; the relative contribution rate of AT to the NDVI dynamic was the most significant (35.17%) in the low-elevation region (< 2900 m). In the mid-elevation area (2900–3900 m), precipitation contributed 44.76% of the NDVI dynamics. When the altitude was higher than 3900 m, the relative contribution rates of AT (39.50%) and SM (38.53%) had no significant difference but were significantly higher than that of precipitation (21.97%). The results highlight that the different environmental factors have various contributions to vegetation dynamics at different altitudes, which has important theoretical and practical significance for regulating ecological processes.

INFLUENCE OF LEARNING AND TEACHING STYLE ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
T.V. Lantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Knowledge

Research Problem. This article examines the practice and shows the theory and outcome of the study of whether there is a significant relationship of students' academic performance depending on their learning and teaching style, whether there is a significant difference in students' grades depending on their teachers' teaching styles, and whether there is a significant difference between students' academic performance. The purpose of the study focuses on gaining new knowledge about the relationship between the learning and teaching style of a university instructor and student's academic performance. The methodology, methods, and techniques of the study. This study used the Grasch-Richman Learning Styles Questionnaire, which includes tools to assess both learning styles and teaching styles. Our study was designed as a survey study (suitable for determining the existing situation without intervention) and used a quantitative research methodology. The study also used a teaching style inventory method. Results. The results of the study showed that student achievement scores did not change significantly based on their teaching styles; a significant difference was found between student achievement and the correspondence between faculty teaching style and student teaching style. Scientific novelty/practical significance. The new knowledge gained allows us to consider the implications of how emerging learning opportunities relate to student preparation in higher education and teacher level support. Conclusions and Recommendations. The results of our study confirm that learning, teaching styles, and student achievement are interrelated, but in examining these three variables, other variables such as the specific difficulties encountered in teaching a particular subject, the age group of students, and the context of the school must also be considered. There is no "bad" style of qualified teaching. It should not, however, interfere with a teacher's professional development. New knowledge about teaching/learning styles can be useful for beginning university teachers as well as for their students.

Necessity for subsequent surgery in women of child-bearing age with positive margins after cold knife conization: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmei Wang ◽  
Juan Xu ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Pengpeng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Positive Margins ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Knife ◽  
Cold Knife Conization ◽  
Residual Lesions

Abstract Background: Risk factors for positive margins and residual lesions after cold knife conization (CKC) for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) were assessed in women of child-bearing age. A design for postoperative management and avoiding these situations is offered.Methods: This was a retrospective study on 1,309 premenopausal women with high-grade CIN (including CIN3 and CIN2) based on a cervical biopsy under colposcopy used to diagnose a positive or negative margin. Age, gravidity, parity, HPV species, cytology, transformation zone type, results of endocervical curettage (ECC), quadrant involvement, glandular involvement, and CIN grade were analyzed. Among those with positive margins, 245 underwent surgery within three months, including CKC, a loop electrosurgical excision procedure, and total hysterectomy. Residual lesions were also assessed.Results: There was no significant difference in age, gravidity, parity, glandular involvement, and CIN grade between the two groups (P>0.3). There was a significant difference in HPV species, cytology, ECC results, and quadrant involvement (P<0.002). Multivariate analysis showed a major cytology abnormality, high-risk HPV infection, type III transformation zone, positive ECC result, and multiple quadrant involvement were independent risk factors for positive margins and residual lesions (P<0.02). Age >35 years was also a risk factor (P<0.03).Conclusion: High-risk women should be treated appropriately considering fertility. Patients with positive margins should be managed uniquely. Surgery for women without fertility may be appropriate. Close follow-up is necessary for women who have fertility requirements or are unwilling to undergo subsequent surgery if they have no risk factors, especially for women <35 years.

Interobserver Variability in Subclassification of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry L. Woodhouse ◽  
Janet F. Stastny ◽  
Patricia E. Styer ◽  
Mary Kennedy ◽  
Amy H. Praestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Objective.—To determine whether, on a national cytology proficiency test, a competent cytologist can consistently distinguish grades of squamous intraepithelial lesions. Design.—Results for low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion referenced slides from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology for 1996 and 1997 were analyzed including educational, nongraded vs graded validated slides. Results.—The discrepant rate between low- and high- grade lesions ranged from 9.8% to 15% for cytotechnologist, pathologist, laboratory, and all responses. There was a statistically significant difference in performance on graded, validated slides vs educational slides with better performance on validated slides. Conclusion.—This significant interobserver variability in subclassification of squamous lesions should be considered in management guidelines for abnormal Papanicolaou test results and implementation of national cytology proficiency testing.

scholarly journals Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion or High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion? Concordance Between the Interpretation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion and High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion in Papanicolaou Tests: Results From the College of American Pathologists PAP Education Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Crothers ◽  
Mohiedean Ghofrani ◽  
Chengquan Zhao ◽  
Leslie G. Dodd ◽  
Kelly Goodrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance

Context.— Obtaining diagnostic concordance for squamous intraepithelial lesions in cytology can be challenging. Objective.— To determine diagnostic concordance for biopsy-proven low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Papanicolaou test slides in the College of American Pathologists PAP Education program. Design.— We analyzed 121 059 responses from 4251 LSIL and HSIL slides for the interval 2004 to 2013 using a nonlinear mixed-model fit for reference diagnosis, preparation type, and participant type. We evaluated interactions between the reference diagnosis and the other 2 factors in addition to a repeated-measures component to adjust for slide-specific performance. Results.— There was a statistically significant difference between misclassification of LSIL (2.4%; 1384 of 57 664) and HSIL (4.4%; 2762 of 63 395). There was no performance difference between pathologists and cytotechnologists for LSIL, but cytotechnologists had a significantly higher HSIL misclassification rate than pathologists (5.5%; 1437 of 27 534 versus 4.0%; 1032 of 25 630; P = .01), and both were more likely to misrepresent HSIL as LSIL (P &lt; .001) than the reverse. ThinPrep LSIL slides were more likely to be misclassified as HSIL (2.4%; 920 of 38 582) than SurePath LSIL slides (1.5%; 198 of 13 196), but conventional slides were the most likely to be misclassified in both categories (4.5%; 266 of 5886 for LSIL, and 6.5%; 573 of 8825 for HSIL). Conclusions.— More participants undercalled HSIL as LSIL (false-negative) than overcalled LSIL as HSIL (false-positive) in the PAP Education program, with conventional slides more likely to be misclassified than ThinPrep or SurePath slides. Pathologists and cytotechnologists classify LSIL equally well, but cytotechnologists are significantly more likely to undercall HSIL as LSIL than are pathologists.

Using photography to estimate above-ground biomass of small trees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Brandon R. Hays ◽  
Corinna Riginos ◽  
Todd M. Palmer ◽  
Benard C. Gituku ◽  
Jacob R. Goheen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
East African ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Herbivore Exclusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Allometric Relation

Abstract Quantifying tree biomass is an important research and management goal across many disciplines. For species that exhibit predictable relationships between structural metrics (e.g. diameter, height, crown breadth) and total weight, allometric calculations produce accurate estimates of above-ground biomass. However, such methods may be insufficient where inter-individual variation is large relative to individual biomass and is itself of interest (for example, variation due to herbivory). In an East African savanna bushland, we analysed photographs of small (<5 m) trees from perpendicular angles and fixed distances to estimate above-ground biomass. Pixel area of trees in photos and diameter were more strongly related to measured, above-ground biomass of destructively sampled trees than biomass estimated using a published allometric relation based on diameter alone (R2 = 0.86 versus R2 = 0.68). When tested on trees in herbivore-exclusion plots versus unfenced (open) plots, our predictive equation based on photos confirmed higher above-ground biomass in the exclusion plots than in unfenced (open) plots (P < 0.001), in contrast to no significant difference based on the allometric equation (P = 0.43). As such, our new technique based on photographs offers an accurate and cost-effective complement to existing methods for tree biomass estimation at small scales with potential application across a wide variety of settings.

scholarly journals The use of effect size indices to determine practical significance

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Styn ◽  
S. M. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Statistical Application ◽  
Significant Difference

The determination of significance of differences in means and of relationships between variables is of importance in many empirical studies. Usually only statistical significance is reported, which does not necessarily indicate an important (practically significant) difference or relationship. With studies based on probability samples, effect size indices should be reported in addition to statistical significance tests in order to comment on practical significance. Where complete populations or convenience samples are worked with, the determination of statistical significance is strictly speaking no longer relevant, while the effect size indices can be used as a basis to judge significance. In this article attention is paid to the use of effect size indices in order to establish practical significance. It is also shown how these indices are utilized in a few fields of statistical application and how it receives attention in statistical literature and computer packages. The use of effect sizes is illustrated by a few examples from the research literature.

scholarly journals Urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Parveen Samo ◽  
Asim Mehmood ◽  
Sana Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Health Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: To determine the urothelial carcinoma and its association with age and gender. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Pathology department of Liaquat university of Medical and Health Science. Period: One year from January 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Four micrometer thick paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed sections were prepared from transurethral resection6of bladder6tumor (TURBT) samples of urothelial carcinoma patients and were examined. Histological grading was categorized as low and high grades. All the data was collected by self-made proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 83 cases were enrolled in current study; their mean age was 49.19+12.33 years. Males were found in the majority 51(61.4%) and females were 32(38.6%). Most common age group was 46-60 years 36(43.4%). According to the histological grading high grade was most common as 65.10%, and low grade urothelial carcinoma was 34.90%. There was no significant difference according to age of histological grading. Male gender was most common, while progression of disease was higher among females in contrast to males as high grade carcinoma was significantly higher among females, p-value 0.014. Conclusion: It was concluded that male gender is the contributing factor of urothelial carcinoma, but disease progression significantly high among females. No significant association has been found according to age.

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