The partition of phosphorus and aneurin in relation to phosphatase in the colostrum and milk of the cow

1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chanda ◽  
E. C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total P

The partitions of phosphorus and aneurin were determined in the colostrum and in the transitional and mature milk of Ayrshire cows with the following results:1. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 11:1 in the first mammary secretion but dropped to a minimum value of 4·5:1 a week later. Thereafter the ratio increased throughout lactation attaining a value of 7·2:1 at the fortieth week. The first colostrum was very rich in both phosphorus and nitrogen.2. Phosphatase titre in colostrum was 154 units in the first post-partum secretion but decreased to 10 during the first five days of lactation. The titre fluctuated slightly during the next few days and increased gradually thereafter, attaining 189 units in the 38th week of lactation.3. Phosphatase was correlated positively with inorganic-P (r= +0·83) and negatively with both ester-P (r= −0·94) and lipid-P (r= −0·70), all P fractions being expressed as percentages of total P. The percentage of phosphorus present as casein was initially 19–21%, but was only 14% in late lactation.4. The first colostrum contained 74 μg. aneurin/100 ml. skim milk. This value became 35 in midlactation and only 28 in late lactation. The corresponding figures for cocarboxylase were 20, 5·7 and 2·3 μg./100 ml. respectively, and for protein-bound aneurin 14, 3·2 and 1·7 respectively. Both cocarboxylase and protein-bound aneurin were negatively correlated with phosphatase.

Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Turner ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

Changes in phosphorus fractions at various soil depths following long-term P fertiliser application on a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
D. W. Lester ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
P. V. Lockwood ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

Long-term removal of grain P and soil test data suggested that the Colwell phosphorus (P) extraction from the surface 0.10 m of a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland was a poor indicator of run-down of soil P pools. We proposed that plants were also accessing P from layers below 0.10 m or from surface soil P pools not extracted by the Colwell extraction. Both topsoil and subsoil samples in 1994 and 2003 were collected from nil and 20 kg P/ha per crop treatments in a long-term N × P field experiment established in 1985 for detailed P fractionation. An uncropped reference soil was also taken in 2003 from an adjacent area. The long-term effect of the field treatments on soil P fractions was evaluated by comparing the reference site, which was assumed to represent the original soil condition, to the 2003 samples. Without addition of P fertiliser, 55%, 35%, and 10% of total P removal were from 0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.30, and 0.30 to 0.60 m, respectively, compared with the uncropped reference soil. Labile fractions comprising resin, bicarbonate, and hydroxide pools in the top 0.10 m decreased by approximately 60% and accounted for 15% of the total P decrease from 0 to 0.60 m depth. Acid and residual-P fractions decreased by 50% and 20%, respectively, and accounted for ~20% and 15% of the total P decrease. In contrast, P addition at 20 kg P/ha per crop over 18 crops doubled the resin and bicarbonate inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi) pools in the surface 0.10 m. Hydroxide (NaOH-Pi) and acid extracted inorganic P increased by 25% and 10%, respectively, while the residual-P pool decreased by about 15%. Below 0.10 m, very little P was removed by the first 3 extractants. Most of the P was present in the acid and residual fractions irrespective of fertiliser application. The acid and residual-P dropped by 30% and 12%, respectively, at 0.10–0.30 m and 12% and 8% at 0.30–0.60 m. When comparing the experimental soil samples in 2003 with those in 1994, similar trends were observed in the changes of each soil P fraction. In the surface 0.10 m, acid and residual-P pools decreased greatly and explained almost all of the total P decrease in the surface soil without P input. With P addition, labile pools acted as the main sink for P. The acid pool increased by 7%, while the residual-P showed a decrease in the topsoil. Total P level was elevated noticeably in this soil layer. However, at 0.10–0.30 m depth, acid and residual pools were the dominant fractions and decreased significantly irrespective of P fertiliser addition. Below 0.30 m, no significant changes were detected for each fraction and total P. The results suggest that crops had accessed significant amounts of P at 0.10–0.30 m depth irrespective of P fertiliser application, and that subsoil sampling (0.10–0.30 m) should be considered in order to improve the monitoring of soil P status. However, choice of appropriate extractants for monitoring subsoil P reserves is yet to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Estimation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Waste in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Diets Including Different Inorganic Phosphorus Sources

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽  
David S. Peñaranda ◽  
Laura Carpintero ◽  
Juan S. Mesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Sources

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 ± 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.

SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

scholarly journals Anemia berhubungan dengan Perdarahan Post Partum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Zakiyah Yasin ◽  
Mujib Hannan ◽  
Erlyn Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Partum Hemorrhage ◽  
A Value ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

Pregnant women who experience anemia and untreated until the end of pregnancy will have an effect at the time of delivery, so that it can cause post partum hemorrhage which results in death in the mother. This study aims to analyze the relationship between anemia and the incidence of post partum hemorrhage in Puskesmas Lenteng, Lenteng District, Sumenep Regency. The study design was analytic with a retrospective approach, the total population was 35 mothers, the total sample was 29 mothers, the sampling technique used random sampling. The independent variable is anemia, the dependent variable is the incidence of post partum hemorrhage. Collecting data using a checklist, data analysis using the chi square statistical test, the value of a = 0.05. The results showed that of the 29 women who gave birth, most of them experienced anemia (HB level <11 g%) during pregnancy, as many as 19 mothers gave birth (65.5%), and of the 29 mothers gave birth, most of them experienced post partum hemorrhage as much as 17 mothers gave birth (59%). The result of statistical tests using chi square with a value of a = 0.05, the resulting value (ρ) = 0.000, so that the value (ρ) <a (0.000 <0.05), which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, i.e. the relationship between anemia and the incidence of post partum hemorrhage at the Lenteng Public Health Center, Lenteng District, Sumenep Regency in 2020 In order to reduce the incidence of post partum hemorrhage, it is hoped that the mother in labor can prevent anemia during pregnancy, namely by consuming foods that contain lots of protein such as meat, liver, eggs, vegetables, folic acid (Vitamin C) and consumption of Fe tablets regularly and how to drink properly and according to conditions / needs.

scholarly journals Distribution of phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in German forest soils and their relationship to common soil properties and foliar P concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Niederberger ◽  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Repeated, grid-based forest soil inventories such as the nationwide German forest soil survey (GFSI) aim, among other things, at detecting changes in soil properties and plant nutrition. In these types of inventories, the only information on soil phosphorus (P) is commonly the total P content. However, total P content in mineral soils of forests is usually not a meaningful variable to predict the availability of P to trees. Here we tested a modified sequential P extraction ac-cording to Hedley to determine the distribution of different plant available P fractions in soil samples (0–5 and 10–30 cm depth) from 146 GFSI sites, capturing a wide variety of soil conditions. In addition, we analyzed relationships between these P fractions and common soil proper-ties such as pH, texture, and organic Carbon content (SOC). Total P content among our samples ranged from approximately 60 up to 2800 mg kg−1. The labile, moderately labile, and stable P fractions contributed to 27 %, 51 % and 22 % of total P content, respectively, at 0–5 cm depth. At 10–30 cm depth, the labile P fractions decreased to 15 %, whereas the stable P fractions in-creased to 30 %. These changes with depth were accompanied by a decrease in the organic P fractions. High P contents were related with high pH-values. Whereas the labile P pool increased with decreasing pH in absolute and relative terms, the stable P pool decreased in absolute and relative terms. Increasing SOC in soils led to significant increases in all P pools and in total P. In sandy soils, the P content across all fractions was lower than in other soil texture types. Multiple linear regressions indicated that P pools and P fractions were moderately well related to soil properties (r2 mostly above 0.5), and sand content of soils had the strongest influence. Foliage P concentrations in Pinus sylvestris were reasonably well explained by the labile and moderately labile P pool (r

scholarly journals Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6443-6452 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Jiang ◽  
R. Bol ◽  
S. Willbold ◽  
H. Vereecken ◽  
E. Klumpp
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Total P ◽  
Al Oxide

Abstract. To maximize crop productivity fertilizer P is generally applied to arable soils, a significant proportion of which becomes stabilized by mineral components and in part subsequently becomes unavailable to plants. However, little is known about the relative contributions of the different organic and inorganic P bound to Fe/Al oxides in the smaller soil particles. Alkaline (NaOH–Na2EDTA) extraction with solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy is considered a reliable method for extracting and quantifying organic P and (some) inorganic P. However, any so-called residual P after the alkaline extraction has remained unidentified. Therefore, in the present study, the amorphous (a) and crystalline (c) Fe/Al oxide minerals and related P in soil aggregate-sized fractions (> 20, 2–20, 0.45–2 and < 0.45 μm) were specifically extracted by oxalate (a-Fe/Al oxides) and dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB, both a- and c-Fe/Al oxides). These soil aggregate-sized fractions with and without the oxalate and DCB pre-treatments were then sequentially extracted by alkaline extraction prior to solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy. This was done to quantify the P associated with a- and c-Fe/Al oxides in both alkaline extraction and the residual P of different soil aggregate-sized fractions. The results showed that overall P contents increased with decreasing size of the soil aggregate-sized fractions. However, the relative distribution and speciation of varying P forms were found to be independent of soil aggregate-size. The majority of alkaline-extractable P was in the a-Fe/Al oxide fraction (42–47 % of total P), most of which was ortho-phosphate (36–41 % of total P). Furthermore, still significant amounts of particularly monoester P were bound to these oxides. Intriguingly, however, Fe/Al oxides were not the main bonding sites for pyrophosphate. Residual P contained similar amounts of total P associated with both a- (11–15 % of total P) and c-Fe oxides (7–13 % of total P) in various aggregate-sized fractions, suggesting that it was likely occluded within the a- and c-Fe oxides in soil. This implies that, with the dissolution of Fe oxides, this P may be released and thus available for plants and microbial communities.

Fate of applied phosphorus in an effluent-irrigated Pinus radiata plantation

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Falkiner ◽  
P. J. Polglase
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Total P

We examined the fate of applied phosphorus (P) in a young Pinus radiata plantation in south-eastern Australia, spray-irrigated with secondary-treated municipal effluent. Measurements included changes (before irrigation, and after 5 years) in total P, total organic P, total inorganic P, labile P, and sorption and desorption characteristics. During the first 5 years a total of 363 kg/ha of P was applied at an average concentration of 5.4 mg/L. Irrigation changed the forms and distribution of P throughout the profile (0–1 m). Increases in labile inorganic P (membrane-exchangeable, bicarbonate-extractable, and in soil solution) were confined mostly to the 0–0.5 m horizon, and wholly within the 0–0.7 m horizon. In addition, large amounts of organic P (204 kg/ha) were mineralised within the surface 0.7 m, due to stimulation of decomposer activity by increased soil water. Mineralisation, therefore, provided a significant and additional input of inorganic P to soil. Irrigation and P additions changed both the placement and curvature of soil sorption isotherms. Retention capacity (0–0.5 m), calculated from P sorption isotherms, decreased by 180 kg/ha. Desorbable P, determined by sequential extraction with dilute acid, increased by 184 kg/ha. Thus, these 2 independent methods of measuring the changes in exchangeable P gave the same result. Of the total inorganic P added to the soil (in effluent and mineralised), 25% remained in the exchangeable form; the rest was retained unavailable for short-term exchange and migration through soil. After 5 years, fluxes (kg/ha) of P in the 0–0.7 m horizon were: input in effluent less storage in vegetation (323), change in total organic P (–204), change in total inorganic P (517), net change in total P (313). Thus, 97% of the net amount of P added in effluent was recovered in the surface 0.7 m. Results have implications for the way in which P retention capacity is calculated under effluent irrigation.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

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