Nitrogen utilization of growing-finishing Barbados Blackbelly lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Osuji ◽  
C. Devers
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SummaryTwelve 6–8 months old male Barbados Blackbelly lambs were used in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment with three replicates to study the utilization of diets made from local by-products and containing 64, 93, 125 or 143 g crude protein/kgD. M.Both dry-matter (mean 750·1 g/day) and digestible-energy (mean 6·2 MJ DE/day) intakes, and their digestibility coefficients increased, though not significantly, with increasing dietary protein concentration. However, nitrogen digestibility, urinary-nitrogen output and nitrogen retention all increased significantly (P< 0·01) with increasing dietary protein concentration.Metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen derived from the intercept of significant regressions of nitrogen intake against urine and faecal nitrogen outputs were 5·07 g/kg dry matter eaten and 3·46 g/day (0·35 kg W0·75) respectively. The diets had a mean biological value of 73·6%. The digestible crude protein requirements for maintenance were (g/day) 29·0, 38·4 and 26·6 when estimated from nitrogen retention, factorially and from live-weight performance respectively.

Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
M. J. Olomu ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYFeeding trials were carried out at different times of the year to determine the optimum crude protein requirements of weaner and growing pigs, using principally the locally available ingredients. The animals used were 96 weaners and 113 growing pigs of the Large White and Landrace breeds of average initial weights of about 9 kg and 41 kg respectively. Test diets contained protein levels ranging from 12% to 24% on a dry-matter basis, and the pigs were mostly group-fed ad libitum except for one trial. Average daily gains, efficiency of feed utilization, apparent nitrogen retention and digestibility, and feed cost per kg of body gain were measured. In a humid tropical environment, such as Ibadan, the optimum crude protein requirement for weaner pigs from 9 kg to 34 kg live weight is between 22 % and 24 % of dry matter, while that for the fattening pigs from 41 kg to 82 kg live weight is between 18% and 21% of dry matter.

Studies on goat nutrition Part II. Digestible protein requirements for maintenance from balance studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. The crude protein requirement of goats for maintenance has been determined from balance studies. The requirement per kg., as found by three different methods of treatments of the balance data, is practically the same, viz. 2·63 g. crude protein.2. The digestible crude protein requirement also has been calculated, again by two different methods, and is estimated at 1·12 lb./1000 lb. body weight. This value is undoubtedly very much higher than the value (0·65 lb./1000 lb.) obtained previously from the endogenous urinary nitrogen determinations alone.3. The dry-matter requirement of goat per 100 lb. live weight has been determined. Calculated on the basis of live weight raised to the power 0·734, the requirement was found to be 2·6 lb./100 lb.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gonzalez ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six individually-penned ewes (mean live weight 69 kg), each suckling two lambs, were given one of three diets containing either 128 (low), 155 (medium) or 186 (high) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter. All diets contained (g/kg), milled hay, 570; molasses, 95; and a barley/fish meal concentrate, 330. The three protein concentrations were achieved by adjusting the proportions of barley and fish meal in the concentrate. Each diet was given at daily metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 19, 23 and 27 MJ. Mean daily yields of milk in weeks 3 to 8 of lactation for ewes given the diet with the low concentration of crude protein increased from 2·32 kg at 19 MJ ME to 2·53 kg at 27 MJ. Corresponding values for the medium concentration of CP were 2·49 and 2·67 kg and for the high concentration 2·52 and 3·09 kg (P < 0·05 for differences between ME intakes and differences between dietary protein concentrations). For milk composition, interactions between the concentration of dietary protein and level of ME intake were not statistically significant but the main treatment effects were significant, with the protein concentration in milk increasing from 49·6 g/kg for ewes given the low concentration of dietary protein to 54·1 g/kg for those given the high (P < 0·001). Corresponding values for protein concentration in milk for the lowest and highest energy intake were 51·2 and 53·4 g/kg (P < 0·05). Losses of tissue protein were variable but decreased from 26 g/day for ewes given the low-protein diet to 8 g/day for those given the high. In discussing the responses in milk yield to dietary protein and ME intake attention is drawn to the modifying influence of the energy contributed from body tissue.

Studies on goat nutrition Part I. Minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance-endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The One ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. EUN and MFN excretions have been determined in goats on a N-low ration and also on a N-free ration. The values obtained were,EUN = 0·052 g./kg. live weight andMFN = 0·41 g./100 g. dry-matter feed intake.2. The values so determined with the two feeding regimens, for both the EUN and MFN agreed very closely.3. The minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance, as calculated from the EUN value, is 0·65 lb./1000 lb. live weight.4. The formula for calculating the utilizable protein requirement for this species is found to be P = 0·89. W0.734, and is almost identical with the one given by Mitchell.5. The usefulness of the above formula in predicting the EUN of immature goats is discussed.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:II. The effect of dietary protein concentration, feeding level and sex on body composition at two live weights

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Extract Content

SUMMARY1. In an experiment with ninety-nine lambs the effects on the body composition of male and female lambs were examined when five diets containing different concentrations of crude protein (in the range 10–20%) were given at three levels of feeding and lambs were slaughtered at two live weights (27·5 and 40 kg).2. With lambs slaughtered at 27·5 kg there were significant increases in the rate of both nitrogen and fat retention with increases in levels of feeding. There were also linear increases in the rate of protein deposition and decreases in fat deposition with increases in the concentration of crude protein. This effect was particularly marked at the high level of feeding.3. With lambs slaughtered at 40 kg live weight there were also linear increases in fat and in nitrogen deposition with increasing feeding level but the effect of increasing the protein concentration on increases in nitrogen retention departed from linearity.4. While at 27·5 kg there were no significant effects of feeding level on nitrogen and ether-extract content of the bodies at slaughter, with animals slaughtered at 40 kg there was a significant linear decrease in ether-extract content with increasing feeding level and a corresponding linear increase in nitrogen content with increased level of feeding.5. Male lambs deposited more nitrogen and less fat than females. This was true of both rate of deposition and of carcass composition at 40 kg live weight.

Effects of urea and saccharose on intake and digestion of a Digitaria decumbens hay by black belly sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Archimède ◽  
G. Aumont ◽  
G. Saminadin| ◽  
E. Deprès ◽  
P. Despois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractEffects of incorporation of urea and saccharose in diets, on intake and digestion by sheep of a 35-day-old pangola (Digitaria decumbens) hay, have been studied according to a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. Sixteen rams were given four diets: hay (C); hay plus urea (U, 23 g/kg hay); hay plus saccharose (S, 60 g/kg hay), hay plus urea and saccharose (SU). Acid-detergent fibre and crude protein (CP) content of the roughage were 395 and 78 g/kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Intake of hay (g DM per kg live weight0.75), supplemented with urea and sugar (42⋅9), was lower (F < 0.05) than with other diets (47.2, s.e. 1.6). The organic matter (OM) total tract and ruminal digestibility of the diet C, S, U and SU were 0.622, 0.590, 0.615 and 0.587 (s.e. 0.007); 0.361, 0.380, 0.378 and 0.345 (s.e. 0.015) respectively. Effective degradation and nylon bag kinetics of DM degradation were higher with U and SU compared with S or C. Few differences were observed between diets for ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids. The ruminal ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the diets with urea than without urea (78 v. 215 mg/l). The efficiencies of the microbial synthesis (g nitrogen per kg OM fermented in the rumen) were, 23.6, 22.4, 24.9 and 29.3 (s.e. 1.7) for the diets C, U, S and SU respectively.Even though additional urea increased nitrogen availability for ruminal bacteria, urea supplementation did not affect significantly intake or digestion of the pangola hay of medium CP content used in this experiment.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:I. The influence of protein concentration and feeding level on rate of gain in body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weights

SUMMARYThe live-weight gains of male and female lambs were measured during growth from 16 to 40 kg live weight when five cereal-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration (from 10 to 20%) were given at three levels in a 5×3×2 factorial design.Males grew faster than females by about 15% (P < 0·001); this difference increased with age and with the amount of feed given (P < 0·05). Growth rate responded linearly to increase in feeding level (P < 0·001) and curvilinearly to increase in dietary protein concentration (P < 0·01). A significant interaction (P < 0·01) occurred whereby growth increased with higher protein concentrations as feeding level increased.At the highest feeding level (near ad libitum) the results suggest that the optimum dietary crude protein concentration for growth was about 17·5, 15·0, 12·5 and 12·5% at body weights of 20, 25, 30 and 35 kg respectively. The overall optimum dietary crude protein concentration for growth between 16 and 40 kg body weight was about 17·0, 15·0 and 11·0% when the mean digestible energy intake was 3·0, 2·6 and 2·1 Mcal/day.The results agree reasonably well with estimates of protein requirements for lambs given by the Agricultural Research Council (1965).

A note on the protein requirement for maintenance of adult rams

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Singh ◽  
V. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYNitrogen balance studies of latin square design were conducted on six adult rams receiving diets with approximately 4, 8 and 16% crude protein. The diets were almost isocaloric and contained groundnut cake, wheat bran, maize starch, and chopped wheat straw. Metabolic faecal and endogenous urinary N were 0·24 ± 0·003 g/100 g dry-matter intake and 0·038 ± 0·01 g/kg body weight per day. Biological value, true digestibility and coefficient of net utilization were 86·9 ± 8·68, 93·4 ± 1·94 and 79·6 ± 2·47, respectively.Daily digestible crude protein requirements for maintenance estimated by the factorial method (0·875 + 0·;06 g/kg W0·734) and from N balance and the net utilization of protein (0·893 + 0·03 g/kg W0·734) were similar but slightly higher than the requirement estimated from N balance alone (0·738 ± 0·04 g/kg W0·734). All values are lower than the conventional recommendations.

Studies on the intake and utilization of wet feed by calves

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Fitzgerald ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYA latin square design with three periods of 3 weeks was used to measure the dry-matter intake, live-weight gain and water intake of 12 British Friesian calves offered an all-concentrate diet ad libitumin wet form. The diets contained 30% (B), 20% (C) or 15% (D) dry matter. A further six calves were given the same diet in dry form (A) throughout the experimental period. Digestibility and nitrogen balance were measured on four calves on each treatment at the end of the experimental period. In addition, two Ayrshire calves, each fitted with a permanent abomasal cannula, were used to study the site of digestion of the feed when given in dry or wet form.The mean dry-matter intakes of the calves given the dry and wet feeds were 75·5 and 80·8 g/kg W0·75 per day respectively and mean daily live-weight gains were 849 g for the calves on both types of feed. The mean dry-matter intakes of the calves given the wet diets were 80·9 (B), 81·2 (C) and 75·5 (D) g/kg W0·75 per day, and the live-weight gains (g/day) were 857 (B), 879 (C) and 812 (D). None of these differences were significant. The intake of water by the calves was significantly increased by reducing the dry-matter content of the diet. The form or dry-matter content of the diet offered had no effect on the digestibility of dry matter (76·1%), organic matter (77·9%), energy (75·8%) or crude protein (75·8%) or on nitrogen retention (32·5% of N intake).The rumen was the main site of digestion for all Tour diets and an average of only 7% of dietary starch passed undigested through the abomasum.

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