Studies in potato agronomy. I. The effects of variety, seed size and spacing on growth, development and yield

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Bremner ◽  
M. A. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Spacing Distance ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

1. Growth and development in relation to yield were studied in the two maincrop varieties King Edward and Majestic in 1959 and 1960. The effects of seed size and spacing were also investigated.2. The total tuber yield, and more particularly the ware yield, of Majestic was greater in both years. This was associated with a longer period of tuber bulking in this variety, due, in 1959, to earlier tuber initiation, and in 1960, to earlier tuber initiation and greater persistence of tuber bulking. Large seed outyielded small seed, although the difference, particularly in ware yield, was relatively small. The seed size effect was associated with a difference in the length of the bulking period, in consequence of a difference in the time of tuber initiation. Total yield tended to increase with decrease in spacing distance; ware yield increased as spacing distance decreased from 24 to 18 in., but there was little difference between 12 and 18 in. spacing. In general, low seed rates performed better than might be expected.

The effects of seed size and spacing on growth and yield of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta)

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spacing Distance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Bulking Rate

SUMMARYThe effects of seed size and spacing on growth, development and yield of lesser yam and the relationship between growth, development and yield in this yam variety were investigated in the 1967 and 1968 growing seasons. Larger seeds outyielded smaller ones both in the total and ware tuber yields. The seed size effect was associated with a difference in tuber number, leaf area duration and bulking rate. Mean tuber weight at harvest, decreased with the decrease in seed size. Total and ware tuber yields increased with the decrease in spacing distance. The spacing effect was associated with differences in leaf area duration and bulking rate per unit area. Final total dry matter produced per plant increased with the increase in both seed size and spacing distance but the dry matter produced per unit area decreased with the increase in spacing distance. Leaf area index and leaf area duration increased with an increase in seed size and decreased with increase in spacing distance. There was a greater positive relationship between total tuber yield and leaf area duration between tuber initiation and the final sampling period than that between it and absolute leaf area duration.

The effects of the growth-regulating compounds methyl decanoate and 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid on potato tuber size

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Methyl Decanoate

SummaryApplication of methyl decanoate to a potato crop about the time of tuber initiation reduced the total yield and the yield of tubers in the grade 2·5–5·5 cm though neither of these reductions were significant. However, application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid increased the yield of tubers 2·5–5·5 cm by up to 20% while having no significant effect on total tuber yield. This change in the tuber size distribution was due to a more even partition of photosynthate between tubers and not to an increase in the total number of tubers.

scholarly journals The effects of tuber size and chitting method on the growth and yield of Amyla and Barima potatoes

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-318
Author(s):  
Eero Varis
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Stems

The effects of two seed tuber sizes on the growth and the yield of the potato when using various methods of chitting were studied in 1963—66. The cultivars used were Amyla and Barima. The variations affected by seed size were not directly proportional to the seed weight. From small seed the early development of the haulms was slower, the number of stems smaller, the weight of the haulms and roots smaller. The number of tubers per hill was lower but the number of tubers per stem higher. Average yield per seed tuber was 16 per cent smaller. Small seed produced a slightly higher starch content and a lower percentage of blight infected tubers. Plants from large seed tubers developed faster and the weight of their haulms and roots declined more in the autumn. In the early liftings also the tuber yield per hill was distinctly larger than from small seed, but in the case of the earlier cultivar Barima the difference was fully levelled out by the autumn. Chitting made the early growth faster, decreased the number of stems, reduced the weight of the haulms and roots and decreased the number of tubers per hill. The average increases of yield and starch content were not significant but were dependent on cultivar and lifting time. When chitting was employed the amount of large tubers increased and scab infection decreased. In many respects Amyla and Barima reacted differently both to seed tuber size and to chitting.

Response of ‘Russet Burbank’ Seed Tubers Containing Dicamba and Glyphosate

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nelson D. Geary ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Gary A. Secor ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Andrew P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Mother Plants

AbstractIncreased use of dicamba and/or glyphosate in dicamba/glyphosate-tolerant soybean might affect many sensitive crops, including potato. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and yield of ‘Russet Burbank’ potato grown from seed tubers (generation 2) from mother plants (generation 1) treated with dicamba (4, 20, and 99 g ae ha−1), glyphosate (8, 40, and 197 g ae ha−1), or a combination of dicamba and glyphosate during tuber initiation. Generation 2 tubers were planted near Oakes and Inkster, ND, in 2016 and 2017, at the same research farm where the generation 1 tubers were grown the previous year. Treatment with 99 g ha−1dicamba, 197 g ha−1glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1dicamba + 197 g ha−1glyphosate caused emergence of generation 2 plants to be reduced by up to 84%, 86%, and 87%, respectively, at 5 wk after planting. Total tuber yield of generation 2 was reduced up to 67%, 55%, and 68% when 99 g ha−1dicamba, 197 g ha−1glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1dicamba + 197 g ha−1glyphosate was applied to generation 1 plants, respectively. At each site year, 197 g ha−1glyphosate reduced total yield and marketable yield, while 99 g ha−1dicamba reduced total yield and marketable yield in some site-years. This study confirms that exposure to glyphosate and dicamba of potato grown for potato seed tubers can negatively affect the growth and yield potential of the subsequently grown daughter generation.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Response to Simulated Drift of Imidazolinone Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Mary J. Guttieri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Potato Growth

Potato response to simulated drift of imazamethabenz, imazethapyr, or imazapyr was evaluated in field studies conducted near Aberdeen, ID, in 1989 and 1990. Herbicides were applied at rates corresponding to 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 times the typical use rate (x rate) of each herbicide. Simulated drift treatments were applied at potato emergence, tuber initiation, or tuber bulking. Foliar injury symptoms varied with herbicide, rate, and potato growth stage at the time of application, but were generally most severe with imazapyr and least severe with imazamethabenz. Yield losses also varied with herbicide, rate, and potato growth stage at the time of application, but generally were greater when drift occurred at tuber initiation or tuber bulking than at potato emergence. Losses in U.S. Number 1 (highest quality) yield were greater than losses in total yield, indicating that tuber quality was affected more by the herbicides than was tuber biomass accumulation. U.S. Number 1 yield was not reduced by simulated drift of imazamethabenz at 0.02x but was reduced 25% by the 0.1x rate applied at tuber bulking. At the 0.5x rate, U.S. Number 1 yield was reduced 36, 85, or 92% when drift occurred at potato emergence, tuber initiation, or tuber bulking, respectively. For imazethapyr, U.S. Number 1 yield losses ranged from 0 to 68% for the 0.02x rate; 19 to 98% for the 0.lx rate; and 64 to 100% with the 0.5x rate, depending on potato growth stage at the time of application. Losses were least when drift occurred at potato emergence. Simulated drift of imazapyr at the 0.02x rate applied as potatoes were emerging reduced U.S. Number 1 yield 79%. All other imazapyr treatments caused ≥99% loss in U.S. Number 1 yield.

The effect of the time of application of nitrogen and potassium on the growth of the second early potato, variety Craig's Royal

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. M. Gunasena ◽  
P. M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Bulking Rate

SUMMARYThe effect of time of application of nitrogen and potassium on the growth, development and yield of the second early variety Craig's Royal was studied by the technique of growth analysis. There was an indication that witholding nutrients led to the earlier initiation of tubers, but this was of no practical consequence and all treatments affected tuber bulking rate rather than the duration of bulking. Compared with early application, late application of nitrogen depressed tuber yield, although total drymatter yield was not affected. Late application of potassium, however, increased tuber yield; this was associated with an improvement in the recovery of applied potassium. Delaying the application of nitrogen also resulted in its more efficient recovery in the crop. Late application of potassium improved the recovery of early applied nitrogen and vice versa. Reasons are put forward to account for these effects.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DENGAN PENDEKATAN RME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IX SMP MUHAMMADIYAH PADANG LUAS KECAMATAN TAMBANG KABUPATEN KAMPAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Zainur Zainur
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of grade IX SMP Muhammadiyah Padang LuasKecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. This study aims to improve learning outcomes in mathematicslearning through STAD type cooperative learning with the RME approach in class IX SMP MuhammadiyahPadang Luas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. The subjects of this study were all classes IX in SMPMuhammadiyah Padang Luas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar totaling 26 people. The form ofresearch is classroom action research. This research instrument consists of performance instruments and datacollection instruments in the form of teacher activity observation sheets and activities. The results of the studystated that there were significant differences between students' mathematics learning outcomes before applyingthe STAD type cooperative learning model with the RME approach with after applying the STAD typecooperative learning model with the RME approach. The difference shows student learning outcomes after theaction is better than before the action with completeness reaching 80.77% or 21 completed. Based on the resultsof the study and discussion it can be concluded that the application of STAD type learning model with RealisticMathematic Education (RME) approach can improve the learning outcomes of grade IX students of SMPMuhammadiyah Padang Luas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar on statistical material.

scholarly journals Potato growth, photosynthesis, yield, and quality response to regulated deficit drip irrigation under film mulching in a cold and arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Li ◽  
Haoliang Deng ◽  
Yucai Wang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Xietian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Growth

AbstractThe effects of the amount and timing of regulated deficit drip irrigation under plastic film on potato (‘Qingshu 168’) growth, photosynthesis, yield, water use efficiency, and quality were examined from 2017 to 2019 in cold and arid northwestern China. In the four stages of potato growth (seedling, tuber initiation, tuber bulking, starch accumulation), eight treatments were designed, with a mild deficit was in treatments WD1 (seedling), WD2 (tuber initiation), WD3 (tuber bulking), and WD4 (starch accumulation); and a moderate deficit in WD5 (seedling), WD6 (tuber initiation), WD7 (tuber bulking), and WD8 (starch accumulation). The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly under water deficit in the tuber formation and starch accumulation stages. Although water deficit reduced potato yields, a mild deficit in the seedling stage resulted in the highest yield and water use efficiency at 43,961.91 kg ha−1 and 8.67 kg m−3, respectively. The highest overall quality was in potatoes subjected to mild and moderate water deficit in the seedling stage. Principal component analysis identified mild water stress in the seedling stage as the optimum regulated deficit irrigation regime. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical references for efficient water-saving cultivation and industrialization of potato in northwestern China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document