Apex and ear development in relation to the number of grains on the main-stem ears in spring barley (Hordeum distichon)

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B.Garcia del Moral ◽  
M.P.Jimenez Tejada ◽  
L. F.Garcia del Moral ◽  
J. M. Ramos ◽  
F. Roca de Togores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SUMMARYApex and ear development in nine spring barley genotypes were studied at two sites in southern Spain in 1988. The genotypes were grouped into medium and early types, depending on the time from sowing to anthesis. Medium genotypes had significantly more spikelet primordia than early ones at both sites. Spikelet mortality was similar between genotypes and sites, resulting in a higher final number of grains/ear in the medium than the early genotypes.There was a positive correlation between the maximum number of spikelet primordia and the duration of three stages of apical development: lemma-, stamen- and awn-primordia. Negative correlations were observed between spikelet mortality and the duration of certain developmental phases of the ear.

scholarly journals G × E interaction estimation for forage yield of dual purpose barley by Nonparametric measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Verma ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
A.S. Kharab ◽  
G.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Nonparametric measures were utilized to estimate the genotype-environment interaction for seventeen dual purpose barley genotypes evaluated at 10 major barley growing locations of the country. Average forage yield identified higher yielder genotypes as RD2928, RD2927 and JB325 while descriptive statistics pointed out towards KB1420, RD2927 and KB1401 and JB322. However RD2927 and RD2928 based on MR, UPB1054 and RD2035 based on SD and genotypes JB325 and RD2928 based on CV identified as the unstable genotypes. Nonparametric measures of stability based on corrected forage yield showed highly significant positive correlation among these measures. Most prominent relation was no significant positive or negative association of Si6 with corrected and uncorrected nonparametric measures. Ward’s method of clustering based on 21 nonparametric measures along with average forage yield, clustered the with higher to moderate yielding genotypes into group comprised of RD29276, AZAD, UPB1053, RD2552, BH1010 and KB1401 genotypes.

scholarly journals Response of Barley Genotypes to Fusarium Head Blight under Natural Infection and Artificial Inoculation Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Thin Meiw Choo ◽  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Bernard Vigier ◽  
Marc E. Savard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Forty-eight spring barley genotypes were evaluated for deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration under natural infection across 5 years at Harrington, Prince Edward Island. These genotypes were also evaluated for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity and DON concentration under field nurseries with artificial inoculation of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> by the grain spawn method across 2 years at Ottawa, Ontario, and one year at Hangzhou, China. Additionally, these genotypes were also evaluated for FHB severity under greenhouse conditions with artificial inoculation of <i>F. graminearum</i> by conidial suspension spray method across 3 years at Ottawa, Ontario. The objective of the study was to investigate if reactions of barley genotypes to artificial FHB inoculation correlate with reactions to natural FHB infection. DON concentration under natural infection was positively correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.47, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.56, <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. Therefore, the grain spawn method can be used to effectively screen for low DON. FHB severity, generated from greenhouse spray, however, was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.12, <i>P</i> > 0.05) under natural infection and it was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = -0.23, <i>P</i> > 0.05) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>P</i> > 0.05) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. FHB severity, DON concentration, and yield were affected by year, genotype, and the genotype × year interaction. The effectiveness of greenhouse spray inoculation for indirect selection for low DON concentration requires further studies. Nine of the 48 genotypes were found to contain low DON under natural infection. Island barley had low DON and also had high yield.

scholarly journals Alternative screening method for drought tolerance in barley genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Javan Omondi Were ◽  
Julius Onyango Ochuodho ◽  
Nicholas Kipkemboi Rop ◽  
Sanjaya Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Lack of genetically stable and durable drought tolerant winter and spring barley genotypes is one of the main contributing to low and unpredictable yields in Kenya and other parts of the world despite annual release of new and high yielding varieties. Therefore, the study was set to identify genotypes exhibiting tolerance to drought through physiological and phenotypic approaches. A total of 32 genotypes were planted in split-plot arrangement in completely randomized design replicated thrice. Genotypes were maintained under 20% and 80% field capacities. Phenotypic and physiological data were collected, converted to ratios then analyzed on Genstat version 14.1 VSN International Ltd at a 5% level of significance. Significant differences were observed in winter and spring barley in terms of growth, tillering ability, grains formed per spike, 1000 seed weight and MSI (p < 0.05). Spring barley expressed higher tolerance to drought than winter barley especially in terms of height, number of grains per spike and seed weight. Water deficiency in cells and tissues might have altered and inhibited physiological and biochemical processes. The phenotypic and physiological methods corresponded and confirmed tolerance to drought in most winter and spring genotypes grown in Kenya.

scholarly journals Yield and Grain Quality of Hulless Spring Barley in Field Trials Under Different Nitrogen Management Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Māra Bleidere ◽  
Sanita Zute ◽  
Linda Brunava ◽  
Natalija Bobere ◽  
Ida Jākobsone
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield and grain quality (1000 kernel weight, test weight, crude protein, starch, β-glucans, total phenolic content, antiradical scavenging activity and α-tocopherol content) variation of three hulless spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under different levels of N, in relation to weather characteristics. The field experiments were carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute. Three hulless barley genotypes ‘Kornelija’; ‘ST 1165’; ST 1185’ were studied during two years (2011 and 2012) using three levels of nitrogen (N80; N80+40; N80+80) by split application at the end of the tillering stage. The effects of genotype, N treatment and genotype by N treatment interaction contribute the variation in yield and grain quality traits for hulless barley genotypes. There were considerable differences between crop years in response of hulless genotypes to top-dressing N, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, test weight, starch and β-glucans in the growing season of 2012, when rainfall was optimal at the tillering and stem-elongation growth stages. In 2012, a significant (P < 0.05) response to top-dressing N was recorded for grain yield and 1000 kernel weight (at rate N120), crude protein, starch and β-glucans (at rate N160). The maximum values of total phenolic content, antiradical scavenging activity (in 2011) and -tocopherol content (in 2012) were obtained with application of 160 kg N ha-1. Hulless line ‘1185’ gave the highest grain yield, starch, α-tocopherol content and radical scavenging activity, but variety ‘Kornelija’ formed significantly higher TKW, crude protein and β-glucans content.

scholarly journals The Heritability of Some Qualitative and Quantitative Traits at One Set of Spring Barley Genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Ioana PORUMB ◽  
Florin RUSSU ◽  
Ioan ROTAR
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chemical Trait ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Collection Level

Work collections are subjected to a renewal process, therefore a regular evaluation is needed inorder to appreciate the genetic advance of the existing variability at collection level and further to identify valuable genotypes in terms of morphoproductive and qualitative traits (protein, starch). The barley intended for brewing must correspond to some qualitative parameters, of which proteins and starch content are of major importance. For this purpose, a study was conducted to assess the variability and heritability indicators corresponding to the two traits at 48 barley genotypes. The genotypes that were the subject of this study were sown in three experimental years 2013, 2014 and 2016. The mean values of 2013 year was 13.71 compared with only 10.77, and 11.27 in 2014 and 2016. The significant value of the heritability coefficient along with the genetic advantage of 0.81 indicates the success of selection work for this important chemical trait.

Relationships between the duration of phases in the pre-anthesis life cycle of spring barley

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Appleyard ◽  
EJM Kirby ◽  
G Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

Ear development and ear growth were studied in the progeny of two crosses between a six-row and two two-row spring barley varieties. There were no differences in the rates of primordium initiation amongst the progenies and parents. Duration of ear initiation and ear growth varied amongst the genotypes, and there was a strong negative correlation between the duration of these phases. Duration of ear initiation was correlated with number of leaves, as was the length of life cycle from sowing to anthesis. Survival of spikelets was related to the number of spikelet primordia initiated. However, the proportion of spikelet primordia that survived to form grains was less in ears with most spikelet primordia. This may be due to competition for resources in the ear. It is suggested that optimal ear size and life-cycle duration may be achieved by breeding for appropriate durations of the component phases of the life cycle.

scholarly journals Utilization of a molecular marker for evaluation of hybridization success in spring barley genetics and breeding

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
M. Špunarová ◽  
M. Pouch ◽  
J. Špunar
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Waxy Gene ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Simple Sequence

The success in hybridization of two-rowed spring barley genotypes of various origins was verified using the codominant SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker HVWAXY which is located in the coding sequence of the waxy gene. The primer pair F 5’ AAG ACG TGG TGT TCG TGT G 3’ and R 5’ ATG GTT CCA GGG GTA AGT TC 3’ generated the PCR product of approximately 200 bp in the varieties/breeding lines Maridol, Bojos, Malz, Xanadu, Isotta, Josefin, Native, Sebastian, Conrad, KM 2436, KM 2439, KM 2629, KM-H-1320, whereas the product of about 250 bp was amplified in the lines KM 2416 and Br 7571h33. The parental genotypes possessing different alleles of the marker were crossed and the segregating lines of the F<sub>3</sub> generation were characterized employing molecular methods (marker-assisted selection). This prescreening enabled to work with a lower number of individuals (selfed individuals were excluded) at the initial stages of the breeding process leading to the acceleration of selection as a particular phase of breeding.

scholarly journals Sowing dates and node emission in buckwheat cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
◽  
Ismael Mario Márcio Neu ◽  
Rafael Vieira Pezzini ◽  
Gabriel Elias Dumke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of node appearance (RNA), the final number of nodes (FNN) and the period of node emission (PNE) in two buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) for different sowing dates, and to check variability in the RNA, FNN and PNE between the cultivars and sowing dates. The IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars were evaluated for 29 and 31 sowing dates from October to May in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural years respectively. In each experiment, a completely randomised design with five replications was used. The number of nodes (NN) on the main stem was counted twice a week in each plant (replication), from emission of the first node until the end of the cycle. The linear regression (y = a + bx) of the number of nodes (NN, y) was adjusted for each plant based on the number of days after emergence (DAE, x). The rate of node appearance (RNA), in days node-1, was determined from the inverse of the slope of the linear regression between NN and DAE (RNA = 1/b). The RNA was calculated for the period of node emission (PNE, in days), i.e. from emergence to emission of the last node. The final number of nodes (FNN) was counted at the end of node emission. Variability was found in the rate of node appearance (RNA), the final number of nodes (FNN) and the period of node emission (PNE) between the cultivars and sowing dates. The rate of node appearance ranges between 2.20 and 8.23 days node-1, the final number of nodes between 2.20 and 17.20, and the period of node emission between 16.60 and 49.20 days. Plants of the IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars show better vegetative development (lower RNA, higher FNN and greater PNE) when sown in November, December, January and February, compared to those sown in October, March, April and May.

scholarly journals A Wild Allele of Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthase1 Leads to Proline Accumulation in Spikes and Leaves of Barley Contributing to Improved Performance Under Reduced Water Availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Frimpong ◽  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Dagmar van Dusschoten ◽  
Ali A. Naz ◽  
Michael Frei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Wild Allele ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Water stress (WS) during spike development strongly affects final grain yield and grain quality in cereals. Proline, an osmoprotectant amino-acid, may contribute to alleviating the effects of cell and tissue dehydration. We studied five spring barley genotypes contrasting in their drought response, including two introgression lines, S42IL-143 and S42IL-141, harboring a Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase1- P5cs1 allele originating from the wild barley accession ISR42-8. We tested the hypothesis that barley genotypes harboring a wild allele at P5cs1 locus are comparatively more drought-tolerant at the reproductive stage by inducing proline accumulation in their immature spikes. At the booting stage, we subjected plants to well-watered and WS treatments until physiological maturity. Several morpho-physiological traits had significant genotype by treatment interaction and reduction under WS. Varying levels of genotypic proline accumulation and differences in WS tolerance were observed. Spike proline accumulation was higher than leaf proline accumulation for all genotypes under WS. Also, introgression lines carrying a wild allele at P5cs1 locus had a markedly higher spike and leaf proline content compared with the other genotypes. These introgression lines showed milder drought symptoms compared with elite genotypes, remained photosynthetically active under WS, and maintained their intrinsic water use efficiency. These combined responses contributed to the achievement of higher final seed productivity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of whole spikes at the soft dough stage showed an increase in seed abortion among the elite genotypes compared with the introgression lines 15 days after WS treatment. Our results suggest that proline accumulation at the reproductive stage contributes to the maintenance of grain formation under water shortage.

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