Mathematical modelling in animal nutrition: a centenary review

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUMAS ◽  
J. DIJKSTRA ◽  
J. FRANCE
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Growth Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Review

SUMMARYA centenary review presents an opportunity to ponder over the processes of concept development and give thought to future directions. The current review aims to ascertain the ontogeny of current concepts, underline the connection between ideas and people and pay tribute to those pioneers who have contributed significantly to modelling in animal nutrition. Firstly, the paper draws a brief portrait of the use of mathematics in agriculture and animal nutrition prior to 1925. Thereafter, attention turns towards the historical development of growth modelling, feed evaluation systems and animal response models. Introduction of the factorial and compartmental approaches into animal nutrition is noted along with the particular branches of mathematics encountered in various models. Furthermore, certain concepts, especially bioenergetics or the heat doctrine, are challenged and alternatives are reviewed. The current state of knowledge of animal nutrition modelling results mostly from the discernment and unceasing efforts of our predecessors rather than serendipitous discoveries. The current review may stimulate those who wish for greater understanding and appreciation.

MLCT sensitizers in photochemical upconversion: past, present, and potential future directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (41) ◽  
pp. 17906-17910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix N. Castellano ◽  
Catherine E. McCusker
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future

This frontier presentation highlights the historical development of MLCT sensitizers in photochemical upconversion while indentifying current state-of-the-art and exciting opportunities in this arena moving towards the future.

scholarly journals A literature review on the state of pharmacy education in Zambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
Usman Abubakar Haruna ◽  
Oladunni Amos Abimbola ◽  
Musa Sulaiman Muhammad ◽  
Knovicks Simfukwe ◽  
Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The State ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Continual Improvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of pharmacy education in Zambia, in terms of: overview of the historical development of pharmacy education, the current state of pharmacy education and successes achieved, efforts made to provide pharmacists with the requisite competency and recommendations for future directions. Method: A literature search was conducted in November 2020 on PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape databases, the search was confined to research articles published between 2002 to 2021. Result: A total of 23 journal articles were retrieved, articles that capture reports on the state of pharmacy education in Zambia were reviewed. Conclusion: Pharmacy education has undergone a series of modifications over the past few decades in an effort to fulfil the changing demands of society. For a pharmacy education system to thrive, it must be continually evolving and driven by the needs of society or nation at hand at all times. This involves updating the pharmacist in training with up-to-date skills required of the modern-day pharmacist and research that enables continual improvement of the education system.

Autonomous vehicles and freight traffic: towards better efficiency of road, rail or urban logistics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bucsky
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Private Car

Abstract The freight transport sector is a low profit and high competition business and therefore has less ability to invest in research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles (AV) than the private car industry. There are already different levels of automation technologies in the transport industry, but most of these are serving niche demands and answers have yet to be found about whether it would be worthwhile to industrialise these technologies. New innovations from different fields are constantly changing the freight traffic industry but these are less disruptive than on other markets. The aim of this article is to show the current state of development of freight traffic with regards to AVs and analyse which future directions of development might be viable. The level of automation is very different in the case of different transport modes and most probably the technology will favour road transport over other, less environmentally harmful traffic modes.

scholarly journals A review of current state and future directions of cotton production in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1880533
Author(s):  
Tiliksew Addis ◽  
Abera Kachi ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Production ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Olfaction and Aging: A Review of the Current State of Research and Future Directions

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110203
Author(s):  
Jonas K. Olofsson ◽  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Cognition ◽  
Olfactory Abilities ◽  
And Training

Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.

scholarly journals The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Annie Kortsari ◽  
Alexandros Koliatos ◽  
Georgia Ayfantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
The Eu

The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: What’s New in Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Research: Lessons from the Best Abstracts at the 2020 American Thoracic Society International Conference

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110407
Author(s):  
Andrew J Sweatt ◽  
Raju Reddy ◽  
Farbod Rahaghi ◽  
Nadine Al-Naamani
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

In this conference paper, we review the 2020 American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference session titled, “What’s New in Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Research: Lessons from the Best Abstracts”. This virtual mini-symposium took place on October 21, 2020, in lieu of the annual in-person ATS International Conference which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven clinical research abstracts were selected for presentation in the session, which encompassed five major themes: (1) standardizing diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension, (2) improving risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension, (3) evaluating biomarkers of disease activity, (4) understanding metabolic dysregulation across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension, and (5) advancing knowledge in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Focusing on these five thematic contexts we review the current state of knowledge, summarize presented research abstracts, appraise their significance and limitations, and then discuss relevant future directions in pulmonary hypertension clinical research.

A Survey on Document-level Neural Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Sameen Maruf ◽  
Fahimeh Saleh ◽  
Gholamreza Haffari
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Document Level

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP), as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality surpasses that of the translations obtained using statistical techniques for most language-pairs. Up until a few years ago, almost all of the neural translation models translated sentences independently , without incorporating the wider document-context and inter-dependencies among the sentences. The aim of this survey article is to highlight the major works that have been undertaken in the space of document-level machine translation after the neural revolution, so researchers can recognize the current state and future directions of this field. We provide an organization of the literature based on novelties in modelling and architectures as well as training and decoding strategies. In addition, we cover evaluation strategies that have been introduced to account for the improvements in document MT, including automatic metrics and discourse-targeted test sets. We conclude by presenting possible avenues for future exploration in this research field.

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